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1、专题11 完形填空之人与自然 序号内容Part 1题型总览题型综述 技巧点拨Part 2真题感悟真题详解 强重难词 析长难句.Part 3专题强化真题自测 新题模拟Part 1题型总览【题型综述】人与自然是高中新课程标准必考、常考三大主题之一。本主题包括动人与自然的和谐相处，人在自然界的生存、植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害、等方面。这些话题与学生的生活 息息相关，联系密切。通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生 多注意身边的人和事、关注自然环境、学会与大自然和谐相处。 【技巧点拨】1.利用语篇语境、逻辑关系解题完形填空主要考查考生对语篇语境的理解，着重考查考生根据
2、上下文提供的信息进行分析、推理、判断的能力。所以考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。通过语篇内容进行推断：把握全文，可以避免断章取义；通过上下文语境进行推断：从上下文中寻找提示或暗示，对文章的情节进行合理的推理判断。必须将词语辨析与上下文情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来，从词汇意义入手，抓住情节线索解决问题。做题时严格区分、细心比较，看其搭配、惯用法，尤其看其内涵和外延，即词义的差异，才能找出一个合乎情理的答案。逻辑关系是指转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、并列关系、总结关系等，与语法密切相关。逻辑关系一般隐藏在句子
3、中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。利用逻辑关系，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而选出正确选项。这样使题目的难度大大降低。2.利用搭配、同义复现、常识解题固定搭配包括固定词组搭配和语法题两种，随着“突出语篇”的命题原则，这类题目越来越少。词汇复现的信息包括原词复现，同义词、近义词和反义词复现，概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如：与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。考生可以利用这些现象解题。有些情况下考生可以根据上下文的意思，从自己的生活经验、知识储备、常识和常规逻辑出发，正确理解题意，推断正确答案。Pa
4、rt 2真题感悟Passage 1【真题详解】【2020·浙江卷】Ive been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger scat.One morning I 36 a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become
5、 separated from its 37 , so I jumped out of the tractor to 38 it while Don stayed in his scat.Lamb and mother 39 , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so 40 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. 41 Don had somehow made the 42 move.My heart
6、 froze in my chest as I 43 the tractor heading towards the 44 .I ran desperately but failed to 45 . It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The 46 thing I saw was Dons face, looking calmly back at me.Heart in mouth, I 47 the fence and looked over. The tractor was 48 against the crash barr
7、ier in the central reservation, having miraculously(奇迹般地) crossed the 49 road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldnt see Don, but as I 50 the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently 51 , and dashed back to me.The police 52 and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn't quite believe my 53
8、 it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been 54 .Don was given a special 55 that nightI didnt want him thinking I was angry with him.36AdroppedBspottedCcarriedDreturned37AkidsBfriendsCownerDmother38Aask aboutBplay withCtend toDrun into39AfreedBswitchedCreunitedDexamined40Aun
9、expectedBdangerousCembarrassingDdifficult41AFortunatelyBGenerallyCImmediatelyDObviously42AlambBvehicleCseatDfence43AsawBstoppedCrememberedDdrove44AcrowdBmotorwayCfieldDhill45Atake offBcatch upChold backDget out46ArealBbestCbasicDlast47AfixedBnoticedCreachedDclosed48ArestingBrunningCparkingDturning49
10、AsleepBlongCroughDbusy50AabandonedBapproachedCrecognizedDrepaired51AuncleanBuncertainCunhurtDunhappy52AarrivedBrepliedCsurvivedDwaited53AabilityBdreamCluckDidea54AcommonBconfusingCdesirableDawful55AmealBtestCjobDlesson【答案】36B37D38C39C40A41D42B43A44B45B46D47C48A49D50B51C52A53C54D55A【文章大意】本文主题是人与自然。文章
11、主要讲了作者开车带着它的狗去田地，路上发现了一只和它妈妈走散的小羊。作者下车去照看小羊，把自己的狗留在了车上。后来，作者帮助小羊找到了妈妈，谁知竟发现自己的狗开着拖拉机冲到了高速路上。作者赶紧沿途追赶，害怕造成严重的后果。幸运的是，最后没有人受伤。这真是一个奇迹！36考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，我在山顶的田野里发现了一只迷路的小羊，那里有一条高速公路穿过我的田地。A. dropped下降；B. spotted发现；C. carried搬； D. returned返回。下文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我是无意中发现了一只迷路的小羊。故选B。37考查名词词义辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，
12、所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而Don还坐在它的座位上。A. kids小孩；B. friends朋友；C. owner主人；D. mother妈妈。根据下文Lamb and mother，可知小羊是和它的妈妈走散了。故选D。38考查动词短语辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而Don还坐在它的座位上。A. ask about询问；B. play with同一起玩；C. tend to照看；D. run into撞上。上文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以可以推测出我跳下拖拉机去照看它。故选C。39考查动词词义辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈重聚了，我转过身去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了
13、我。A. freed使自由；B. switched转变；C. reunited重聚；D. examined检查。下文说我转过身去看拖拉机，因为小羊和它的妈妈重聚了，所以我才有心思去看我的拖拉机。故选C。40考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这太出乎意料了，因为我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹。A. unexpected出乎意料的；B. dangerous危险的；C. embarrassing使人尴尬的；D. difficult困难的。上文说我看见拖拉机突然离开了我，下文说我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹，所以这是让人出乎意料的事情。故选A。41考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. For
14、tunately幸运地；B. Generally通常；C. Immediately立即；D. Obviously显然。根据while Don stayed in his seat可知我跳下车，照顾小羊的时候，Don还坐在它的座位上。那么，很显然，是Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。故选D。42考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. lamb小羊；B. vehicle车辆；C. seat座位；D. fence栅栏。根据I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.可知我转过身
15、去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了我。所以这里指的是Don开走了我的车。故选B。43考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时，我的心都僵在胸口。A. saw看到；B. stopped停止；C. remembered记得；D. drove驾驶。下文说，我拼命地追，所以我是看到了拖拉机朝高速公路开去。故选A。44考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时，我的心都僵在胸口。A. crowd人群；B. motorway高速公路；C. field旷野；D. hill小山。根据near where a motorway cuts through my land.和having mi
16、raculously (奇迹般地) crossed theroad with fast-flowing traffic.可知拖拉机是朝高速公路开去。故选B。45考查动词短语辨析。句意：我拼命地跑，但没能追上。A. take off 起飞； B. catch up追上； C. hold back阻止；D. get out出去。根据I ran desperately以及下文It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.可知我没有追上拖拉机。故选B。46考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我最后看到的是Don的脸，它平静地看着我。A. real真实的；B.
17、 best最好的； C. basic基本的；D. last最后的。Don平静地看着我，这是我最后看到的事情。故选D。47考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心都提到嗓子眼了，我抵达栅栏，仔细检查。A. fixed固定；B. noticed注意； C. reached抵达；D. closed关。根据and looked over可知我是抵达了栅栏。故选C。48考查动词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上，奇迹般地穿过了车流如水的繁忙道路。A. resting 倚靠；B. running跑； C. parking停车；D. turning转动。根据the crash barrier in
18、the central reservation可知拖拉机是靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上。故选A。49考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上，奇迹般地穿过了车流如水的繁忙道路。A. steep陡峭的；B. long长的；C. rough粗糙的；D. busy繁忙的。根据fast-flowing traffic可知这条高速公路非常繁忙。故选D。50考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看不见Don，但当我接近拖拉机时，它跳上了马路，显然没有受伤，冲回我身边。A. abandoned抛弃； B. approached 接近;C. recognized意识到；D. repaired修理。下
19、文说我的狗冲回我身边，所以我必定是接近了拖拉机。故选B。51考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看不见Don，但当我接近拖拉机时，它跳上了马路，显然没有受伤，冲回我身边。A. unclean不洁的；B. uncertain不确定的；C. unhurt没有受伤的；D. unhappy不快乐的。根据下文no one got badly hurt可知我的狗没有受伤。故选C。52考查动词词义辨析。句意：警察来了，高速公路的运行又恢复了正常。A. arrived到达；B. replied回答；C. survived幸存；D. waited等待。下文说高速公路的运行又恢复了正常，可知是警察到达，处理了情况。故选A
20、。53考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不能完全相信我的运气，结果没有人受重伤，但后果可能是可怕的。A. ability 能力；B. dream梦想； C. luck运气；D. idea想法。我的狗驾驶着拖拉机上了车水马龙的高速路，结果却没有人受伤，所以我不相信我有这么好的运气。故选C。54考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不能完全相信我的运气，结果没有人受重伤，但后果可能是可怕的。A. common普通的；B. confusing混乱的；C. desirable令人向往的；D. awful可怕的。根据上文作者的极度担忧My heart froze in my chest和Heart in mouth以及生
21、活常识，动物开车上了高速路，结果可能是非常可怕的。故选D 。55考查名词词义辨析。句意：Don那天晚上被给予了一顿特别的晚餐我不想让它认为我生它的气。A. meal一餐；B. test测验；C. job工作； D. lesson教训。根据下文I didn't want him thinking I was angry with him.可知我不想让它认为我生它的气，所以我给它提供了一顿特别的晚餐。故选A。【强重难词】1. tractor n. 拖拉机；牵引机2. reunited v. （使）重聚，团圆；（使）再结合，再联合（reunite 的过去式和过去分词）3. Desperate
22、ly adv. 拼命地；绝望地；极度地_4. barrier n. 障碍物，屏障；界线5. miraculously adv. 奇迹般地；神奇地；非凡地；出乎意料地6. apparently adv. 显然地；似乎，表面上7. embarrassingadj. 使人尴尬的；令人为难的8. desirable adj. 可取的，值得拥有的，令人向往的；引起性欲的，性感的9. put the handbrake on把手刹踩上10. head towards向.方向进发；驶向11. in the central reservation在中心保护区12. fast-flowing traffic川流
23、不息的车辆13. hold back隐瞒；退缩；抑制；阻止【析长难句】1. One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land. 【解析】本句中的when I was in the top field是时间状语从句，near where a motorway cuts through my land.是定语从句。【译文】一天早上，当我正在附近一条高速公路穿过我的土地的高处时，我发现一直羔羊。【仿写】_2. Heart in mouth,
24、I reached the fence and looked over. 【解析】句中的Heart in mouth是独立主格结构，做状语。【译文】我的心都提到嗓子眼了，当我走到栅栏前向外望去。【仿写】_3. I couldn't quite believe my luck it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been awful .【解析】句中的it turned out no one got badly hurt相当于my luck的同位语，对believe做补充说明，but the out
25、come could have been awful是并列句。【译文】.我简直不敢相信自己的运气结果没人受重伤，但结果可能很糟糕。【仿写】_Passage 2【真题详解】【2019·全国卷1】 Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 1 with them lots of waste. The 2 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰川）are disappear
26、ing, changing the 3 of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories, Im 4 about the place other destinations are described as purer natural experiences.However, I soon 5 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 6 among tons of rubbish. I find a 7 mountain, with toilets at camps and along t
27、he paths. The environmental challenges are 8 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 9 .The best of a Kilimanjaro 10 , in my opinion, isnt reaching the top. Mountains are 11 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 12 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 13 go th
28、rough five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 14 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 15 low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 16 twelve shades of green from where I
29、stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 17 : gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks. 18 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 19 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro 20 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the oppos
30、ite to be true.1. A. keepB. mixC. connect D. bring 2. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters3. A. positionB. ageC. face D. name 4. A. silentB. skeptical C. serious D. crazy5. A. discoverB. argueC. decide D. advocate 6. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones7. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. c
31、lean8. A. newB. special C. significant D. necessary9. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away10. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight11. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded12. A. viewB. quality C. reasonD. purpose13. A. scientists B. climbers C. localsD.
32、officials14. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to15. A. changes B. clearsC. improvesD. permits16. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add17. A. village B. desert C. roadD. lake18. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally19. A. permanent B. littleC. freshD. artifici
33、al20. A. enjoy B. deserve C. saveD. acquire【答案】1-5 DCCBA 6-10 CDCAB 11-15 DABDA 16-20 CBDAB【解析】【分析】本文是一篇主题为人与自然的文章。每年有大约4万人去攀登乞力马扎罗山，他们带来了大量垃圾，破坏了环境，甚至导致冰川消失。作者抱着怀疑的态度去攀登此山，却发现与报道的大不一样。（1）考查动词辨析。A. keep保持；B. mix混合；C. connect联系；D. bring带来； 根据句意：人们尝试登山，带来了大量的垃圾。故答案为D。（2）考查名词辨析。A.stories故事；B. buildings
34、 建筑；C. crowds人群；D. reporters记者。此处指前文提到的about 40,000 people，担心他们会破坏这里的美景，故答案为C。（3）考查名词辨析。A. position位置；B. age年龄；C. face 脸；外观；D. name名字。因为冰川在消失，所以会改变乞力马扎罗山的外观，故答案为C。（4）考查形容词辨析。A. silent 沉默的；B. skeptical怀疑的；C. serious严肃的；D. crazy疯狂的；听到这些故事，作者感到不信。因为在下文中作者的所见与报道的完全不一样。故答案为B。（5）考查动词辨析。A. disc
35、over发现；B. argue争论； C. decide决定；D. advocate提倡；下文中much has changed是作者在沿途所看见的，故答案为A。（6）考查名词辨析。A. equipment设备；B. grass草；C. camps营地；D. stones石头。上文中提到登山者带来的大量垃圾，在垃圾堆中的当然是登山者的营房，故答案为C。（7）考查形容词辨析。A. remote遥远的；B. quiet安静的；C. all所有的；D. clean干净的。此处与前文的change呼应，根据下文的with toilets at camps and along the paths可知这里
36、的环境是“干净的”，故答案为D。（8）考查形容词辨析。A. new新的；B. special特别的；C. significant重大的；D. necessary必要的。环境挑战是“重大的”，但是坦桑尼亚国家公园的管理者做出的努力也是有了回报。故答案为C。（9）考查动词短语辨析。A. paying off得到回报；B. spreading out传播出去；C. blowing up爆炸；D. fading away逐渐消失。坦桑尼亚国家公园的管理者做出的努力好像有了回报，故答案为A。（10）考查名词辨析。A. atmosphere气氛；B. experience经历；C. experiment实
37、验；D. sight风景；本句的isn't reaching the top指的是“体验；经历”，故答案为B。（11）考查动词辨析。A. studied学习；B. observed观察；C. explored探索；D. regarded看作。在很多文化中，山被看作是神圣的地方。be regarded as被看作，故答案为D。（12）考查名词辨析。A. view风景；B. quality质量；C. reason原因；D. purpose目的；在乞力马扎罗山上，这种风景特别明显，因为一个人可以在几公里的空间经历五种生态系统。故答案为A。（13）考查名词辨析。A. scientists科学家
38、；B. climbers登山者；C. locals本地人；D. officials官员。在山上经历多种生态系统的当然是“登山者”，故答案为B。（14）考查动词短语辨析。A. holding on to坚持；B. going back to回到；C. living up to不辜负；D. giving way to为让路。此处描述由雨林到低矮的灌木的变化，故答案为D。（15）考查动词辨析。A. changes变化；B. clears清除；C. improves提高；改善；D. permits允许。此处描述天气的变化，故答案为A。（16）考查动词辨析。A. match匹配；B. imagine想象
39、；C. count数；D. add加。本句中的twelve shades of green是“数”出来的，故答案为C。（17）考查名词辨析。A. village村庄；B. desert沙漠；C. road公路；D. lake湖。冒号后的gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks是“沙漠”的地表特征，故答案为B。（18）考查形容词辨析。A. Obviously明显的；B. Easily容易地；C. Consequently结果；D. Finally最后。arctic-like zone是五种生态系统中的最后一种，故答案为D。（19）考查形容词辨析。A. permanent永久的；B
40、. little小的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. artificial人造的；根据常识，山顶上的now and the glaciers是一直存在的。故答案为A。（20）考查动词辨析。句意：乞力马扎罗山上游人如织，破坏了它的宁静的氛围是名不虚传吗？我看恰恰相反。A. enjoy喜欢；B. deserve值得；C. save救；D. acquire获得。deserve one's reputation名不虚传。故答案为B。【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推
41、理，从而选出正确答案。【强重难词】1. destination n. 目的地，终点；抵达站2. disturbing adj. 令人不安的；烦扰的3. environmental adj. 环境的，周围的；有关环境的4. spiritual adj. 精神的，心灵的；宗教的；（人）高尚的5. ecosystems n. 生态系统6. abruptly adv. 突然地；唐突地7. skeptical adj. 怀疑的；（哲学）怀疑论的，不可知论的8. advocate v. 提倡，拥护；为辩护9. consequently adv. 因此；结果；所以10. permanent adj. 永久的
42、，永恒的；不变的11. artificial adj. 人造的；仿造的；虚伪的；非原产地的；武断的12. spread out 展开；铺开；伸张13. blow up 爆发，爆炸；放大；使充气14. fade away渐远15. hold on to 坚持；紧握；克制16. live up to 不辜负；做到；实践【析长难句】1. However, I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of disturbing among tons of rubbish. 【解析】discover
43、后的that much has changed.是that引导的宾语从句，其中much是代词，做宾语从句的主语。【译文】然而，我很快就发现，自从那些日子里登山者在数吨垃圾中露营的令人不安的报道以来，情况都发生了变化。【仿写】_2. The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.【解析】句中的but转折连接作用；made by the Tanzania National Park Authority是the efforts的后置定语；seem后的 to be paying off是做表语的动词不定式。【译文】虽然环境挑战是重大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局的努力似乎得到了回报。【仿写】_3. Further up, the weather changes low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass.【解析】Further up是副词短语做状语；which are covered with thick grass是非