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1、专题4语 法 填 空语法填空能全面考查学生在英语词汇、语法,以及句法方面的运用能力,能更科学地反映出学生的英语综合水平。语法填空的语言材料的体裁通常是记叙文或说明文。本题型的设题是在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10处空白,67处空白的后面给出提示词(所填内容不得超过3个单词),34处空白不给任何提示词(仅填1个单词),要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容。考查内容主要包括动词的时态和语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词、从句的引导词、特殊句式等。20172019年全国卷语法填空考点分布统计试卷形式2019年卷2019年卷2019年卷2018年卷2018年卷2
2、018年卷2017年卷2017年卷2017年卷给提示词词性转换形容词转副词111/1/11名词转形容词/1111/11/动词转名词1/1/1/11名词转动词/1/名词转名词/1/形容词转名词/动词非谓语动词232223212时态与语态222121222形容词、副词比较级/最高级1/1/11/名词单复数/1/111代词/1/不给提示词冠词11/11111介词1/1111111代词/1/1/连接词定语从句/1111/1/1名词性从句1/1/状语从句/1/并列连词/1/Passage 12019·全国The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle
3、and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61. they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62. (p
4、oor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods 63. tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64. (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people
5、 in Nunavut 65. (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66. (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67. (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are 68
6、. (high) than they actually are. Of 69. nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70. (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 语篇解读本文主要介绍了北极熊的相关情况,包括北极熊的栖息地范围等内容,其中着重介绍了对北极熊数量的研究。答案与解析61.that此处缺少引导同位语从句的连接词that,说明evidence的具体内容。62.poorly此处应用副词作状语,修
7、饰谓语动词has been studied。63.of / for表示“的方法”时,method后用介词of/for。64.to perform该句为“be+形容词+不定式”结构。65.have reported由in recent years可知,此处表示的是从过去某时一直持续到现在,故用现在完成时。66.belief根据空格前的冠词a及后面的同位语从句可知,此处应填名词belief。67.noting介词后应用动名词形式。68.higher根据than可知,此处应用high的比较级,故填higher。69.the此处特指19种被辨认出的北极熊亚种群,故用定冠词the。70.are根据空前的
8、are及空后的is和lack可知,此处应用一般现在时,故填are。Passage 22019·全国A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61.(be) Britains oldest full-time employeestill working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 62. she opened with her lat
9、e husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63.(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 64.(declare) she had no plans 65.(retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said,
10、“I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66.(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 67. because I want to.” Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31who works alongside her in the family businesssaid it remained unknown as
11、to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We dont have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 68.(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 69. joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its 70.(wonder).”
12、语篇解读本文讲述了被提名为英国柴郡“年度风云女性”的Irene Astbury年事已高,却依旧坚持工作的故事。答案与解析61.being介词后应用动名词形式作宾语,故填being。62.which分析句子结构可知,此空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是the pet shop,指物,在从句中作opened的宾语,故填which。63.finally此处用副词修饰动词。64.declaredIrene领奖发言是过去发生的事,另根据此空后面的she had和下文的Irene said可知,此处用一般过去时,故填declared。65.to retireplan后接不定式作后置定语。66.have ma
13、deover the years常与完成时连用,在此意为“(从过去某时到现在的)多年来”。根据主句谓语动词love的时态可知,定语从句应用现在完成时,故填have made。67.but此处是“not. but.”句型,意为“不是而是”。68.sayingsay与其逻辑主语call之间为主谓关系,故用现在分词saying作后置定语。69.a此处表示泛指,又因为joke是单数可数名词,故其前应用不定冠词a。70.wonderful本句是主系表结构,故用wonder的形容词形式wonderful作表语。Passage 32019·全国On our way to the house, it
14、 was raining 61. hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take 62. (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City. We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63. dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 64. had great experience with caring f
15、or these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65. (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya (木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard. When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us
16、know of an interesting 66. (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 67. (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68. (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 69. (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on t
17、he North Shore under the stars, 70. (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 语篇解读作者在文中回忆了自己去夏威夷珍珠城的旅游经历。作者为期一周的旅行充实而难忘。答案与解析61.so此处是“so . that”固定结构,意为“如此以至于”。62.to get此处是句型“it takes + 时间 + to do sth”,it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语,故填to get。63.of此处是固定搭配a pack of.,意为“一群”。64.who / that此处是定语从句,先行
18、词是masters,在从句中作主语,故用who/that。65.recommended此处与前面的shared是并列谓语,应用一般过去时,故填recommended。petition根据空前的an和空后的to watch可知,此处应用名词competition。67.traditional此处应用形容词作stories的定语。68.hugely此处应用副词修饰形容词popular。69.were invitedinvite和主语we之间是动宾关系,且全文是在叙述过去的情况,因此应用一般过去时的被动语态。70.listeningwe与listen之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。1
19、.从整体上把握时态,明确动词用什么形式。比如在“We (buy) a lot of cards for our friends yesterday.”这道题中,由yesterday可知,此处应用动词的一般过去时形式。 2.如果空格前是介词,括号里是动词,则可以判断用动词的-ing形式。比如在“I look forward to (receive) your reply.”这道题中,to是介词,所以要用receiving。 3.固定短语中的冠词要牢记。比如在all of a sudden、in a hurry等固定短语中,冠词a必不可少。4.如果括号里给的是形容词,那么首先判
20、断空白处是否用副词;如果句中有than,则考虑空白处用比较级;如果空白处前面有the,则考虑用最高级。5.如果空格前有逗号,括号里是动词,那么一般来说空白处考虑用非谓语动词。6.注意连词的使用,如but、so、and、or等。以上只是在语法填空中常用的基本解题技巧,这些做题技巧可以使我们在做题时,加快答题的速度,提高做题的准确率。但是,要做好语法填空,除了做题方法,我们还必须掌握扎实的基础知识,具备灵活运用语言的能力,这才是提高我们解题能力的根本。01有提示词题目的解题技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种:词的形、数的变化和词的派生变化。考查角度1提示词为动词
21、动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语(时态、语态、语气)的变化,有非谓语(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)的变化。考点1考查谓语动词若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者句中已有谓语动词,所填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是作谓语。此时,做题要考虑时态和语态,还要注意主谓一致和虚拟语气。1.2019·全国,65In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations
22、 are increasing. 答案与解析have reported由in recent years可知,此处语境表示的是动作从过去某时一直持续到现在,故用现在完成时。2.2019·全国,64Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 答案与解析declaredIrene领奖发言是过去发生的事,再根据空白处后面的had可知,此处用一般过去时。1.2018
23、83;全国 Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice. 2.2018·全国The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government (start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farme
24、rsand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 3.2018·全国While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 4.2017·全国Sarah (tell) that she could be Britains
25、 new supermodel,earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter,44,wants her to give up school to model full-time. 5.2017·全国When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 6.2017·全国Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer
26、 now. But at the moment, school (come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling.” 7.2017·天津Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming,(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 8.2017·天津I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that
27、I was on the wrong road. 答案与解析1.has grown由Since 2011可知,此处表示动作从2011年开始,动作一直持续到现在,故用现在完成时;且主语the country 是单数名词,故用has grown。2.started根据前面的between 2005及破折号后的when可知,此句讲述的是2005年发生的事情,应用start的一般过去式。3.is此处叙述的是一个事实,故用一般现在时;主语为it,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。4.was told / has been told根据语境可知,tell与Sarah是逻辑上的动宾关系,且指已经发生的
28、事情,应用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动形式,又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数,故填was told或has been told。5.are removed从句的主语与谓语remove之间是动宾关系,且根据主句的时态可知,此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。es根据上下文可知,空格处应该用一般现在时,主语school是第三人称单数,故应填comes。7.is regarded根据语境并分析句子结构可知,句中主语是cycling,与regard之间是动宾关系,意为“骑自行车被视为最全面的锻炼方式之一”,故填is regarded。8.was drivingbe doing sth when.意为“正在做
29、某事时突然”,再由when引导的从句时态可知,此空填was driving。考点2考查非谓语动词若句中已有谓语动词,设空处又不是并列谓语时,空白处通常填非谓语动词。非谓语动词有现在分词、过去分词、动名词,还有不定式。一般来说,现在分词表示主动、正在进行的动作;过去分词表示被动、完成的动作;不定式表示尚未发生的动作。1.2019·全国,64Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive (perform) co
30、nsistently over a large area. 答案与解析to perform该句为“be+形容词+不定式”结构。2.2019·全国,70On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 答案与解析listeningwe与
31、listen之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。1.2018·全国You dont have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit. 2.2018·全国Chinas approach to protecting its environment while(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank
32、049011;s Juergen Voegele. 3.2018·全国You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running. 4.2018·全国I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel (challenge). 5.2017·全国Even wo
33、rse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 6.2017·全国But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants (prove) that she has brains as well
34、as beauty. 答案与解析1.to see此处用不定式作目的状语。2.feeding“when / while + 现在分词短语”作时间状语,相当于when / while 引导的时间状语从句。3.dying介词后应用die的动名词形式dying。4.looking;challengedavoid doing sth意为“避免做某事”;主语he和challenge之间为动宾关系,故用challenged。5.eating介词by后用动名词作宾语。6.to provewant to do sth“想要做某事”。考点3考查动词的词类转换有时所给提示词虽然是动词,但是空白处既不是考查
35、谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词,而是考查词类转换。1.2019·全国,66In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a(believe) that populations are increasing. 答案与解析belief根据空白处前面的冠词a及后面的同位语从句可知,此处应填名词belief。2.2019·浙江,64Other American studies
36、 showed no (connect) between uniforms and school performance. 答案与解析connection/connections此空作show的宾语,且有no修饰,应填名词;connection是可数名词,且此空可用复数也可用单数形式,故填connection/connections。1.2018·浙江The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be (afford) but doing this most days adds up.
37、;2.While there are (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 答案与解析1.affordable此处表示一周一次或两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。系动词be后用形容词作表语,故填affordable“负担得起的”。2.amazing此处修饰stories,要用形容词,表示“令人惊讶的”,故用amazing。
38、考查角度2提示词为名词或代词名词的形式变化主要有单复数变化、所有格的变化、词类转换和派生形式。代词的形式变化主要有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的变化。考点1考查名词数与格、词类转换空白处所给提示词是名词时,一般考查单复数的变化,偶尔考查所有格的变化或名词的派生形式,此外也经常考查词类转换。当考查词类转换时,主要是名词变为形容词或动词。1.2018·全国,66Im a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 答案与解析scientist此处表示一位科学家,因此填scientist。
39、2.As (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 答案与解析natural根据设空处后的名词architects可知,此处应该用形容词作定语,修饰名词,因此填natural。1.2017·全国This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of figh
40、ting heart disease,has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 2.2016·全国Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 答案与解析1.effects根据some和下文中的两个例子
41、overweight和heart disease可知,此处用复数形式,故填effects。2.studies根据句中的谓语动词show可知,主语应该是复数名词,故填studies。考点2考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词空白处所给提示词是人称代词时,考虑主格与宾格之间的变化,或者是变为物主代词或反身代词。当提示词是物主代词时,考虑形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词之间的变化,或者是变为反身代词。很少考查反身代词变为人称代词或物主代词。2018·全国,68When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to
42、find (they) alive. 答案与解析them此处是“find+宾语+宾补”结构,故要用they的宾格them作find的宾语。1.2016·全国On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother. 2.2019·河北衡水模拟When I got to the exit again, I found ( I ) driving to the place we had driven in. 答案与解
43、析1.its根据设空处后的名词及前文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知,此处要用形容词性物主代词修饰mother。2.myself设空处与前面的I相对应,指“我发现自己”,故用反身代词myself。考查角度3提示词为形容词或副词英语中大部分形容词和表示方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式:通过加后缀-er和-est,或在词前加more/less和most/least(形容词的最高级前通常要加the)。考点1考查形容词或副词的比较级所给提示词是形容词或副词时,可考虑是否变为比较级或最高级。2019·全国,68Scientis
44、ts have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are (high) than they actually are. 答案与解析higher根据语境和空白处后面的than可知,此处应用high的比较级。1.2018·全国 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runn
45、ers live three years (long) than non-runners. 2.2016·全国 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of (great) and less importance. 答案与解析1.longer根据设空处后面的than可知,此处用long的比较级。2.greater设空处与less是并列关系,所以也应用比较级的形式,故答案为greater。考点2考查词类
46、转换所给提示词是形容词时,还需要考虑形容词转化为副词或名词。1.2019·全国,63Her years of hard work have (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year. 答案与解析finally此处应用副词作状语,修饰谓语动词。2.2019·浙江,60When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can (easy) see them. 答案与解析easily分析句子可知,设空处所填词修饰动词see,故用副词easily。1.2018·全国 A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. 2.2017·全国Steam eng