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1、2020届高三二轮复习英语精品资料【讲练】专题 2 完形填空【构建知识体系】完型填空考点1猜测生词扫清阅读障碍考点2分析句子结构破解长难句考点3日积月累攻克固定搭配考点4广泛阅读加深对西方文化的了解考点5瞻前顾后揣摩语境考点6抓住主题句明了文章主旨【2016-2019年新课标卷高考英语完形填空试题分析】年份试卷类型体裁词数话题考点分布2019年新课标卷I夹叙夹议文258乞力马扎罗山因登山者活动而造成的环境污染及努力治理之后环境的改观。动词6 动词短语2 名词7形容词4 副词1新课标卷II记叙文271Ehlers和他的朋友救助了一只丢失的小狗，最终帮它找到了主人动词9 动词短语1名词5形容词3
2、副词2新课标卷III说明文247北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。动词8 名词5形容词5 副词22018年新课标卷I夹叙夹议文271讲述了我在大二学的免费课程下棋及对我生活的指导意义动词9 名词7形容词3 副词1新课标卷II记叙文277讲述了作者13年后和儿子见面的情景动词9 名词3形容词5 副词2介词1新课标卷III记叙文271Dennis Williams认真对待陌生人的信息，使陌生人倍受感动的故事动词10 名词6形容词4 2017年新课标卷I记叙文251学习美式手语的经历和感受名词5 动词10形容词4副词1新课标卷II记叙文266
3、作者自己的学生Feddy的性格特征及多年后的生活、工作状况名词8 动词9形容词3新课标卷III记叙文271一个加拿大青年在和女朋友分手后，希望免费赠送自己为女朋友购买的环球航空旅行机票的故事，体现了年轻人无私的精神名词：7个动词：9个形容词：4个2016年新课标卷I记叙文 253讲述了司机Larry在路上遇到着火的汽车，积极救人的故事。动词7 名词 4形容词3 副词1 连词2 介词短语2代词1新课标卷II夹叙夹议文 262作者通过自身的经历总结出，电话中的感受有时与现实生活中的感受不一致，因为像微笑这样无声的信号无法通过电话传播。动词6 名词 4形容词5 副词3 介词短语2 新课标卷III记叙
4、文 276作者通过刻苦训练，最终实现了成为足球队明星球员的目标。动词8 名词4 形容词5 副词 1连词1 代词1【考纲解读】考试大纲要求考纲解读在一篇约250词的短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题的给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。既考查考生的英语基础知识，又考查考生综合运用语言的能力，主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，包括词语辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能力和生活常识综合运用能力。该题型分值高（30分，占整个卷面总分的45%）、区分度强，是考生最容易“拉开距离”的一项测试。【剖析全国高考真题】预测高
5、考命题方向1. 【2019·全国I】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They _41_ with them lots of waste. The _42_ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the _43_ of Kil
6、imanjaro.Hearing these stories, Im _44_ about the place other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.However, I soon _45_ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of _46_ among tons of rubbish. I find a _47_ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. Th
7、e environmental challenges are _48_ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be _49_.The best of a Kilimanjaro _50_, in my opinion, isnt reaching the top. Mountains are _51_ as spiritual places by many cultures. This _52_ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as _53_ go th
8、rough five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, _54_ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather _55_ low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I _56_ twelve shades of green from wh
9、ere I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland _57_: gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. _58_ you climb into an arctic-like zone with _59_ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro _60_ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I fou
10、nd the opposite to be true.41. A. keepB. mixC. connectD. bring42. A. storiesB. buildingsC. crowdsD. reporters43. A. positionB. ageC. faceD. name44. A. silentB. skepticalC. seriousD. crazy45. A. discoverB. argueC. decideD. advocate46. A. equipmentB. grassC. campsD. stones47. A. remoteB. quietC. allD.
11、 clean48. A. newB. specialC. significantD. necessary49. A. paying offB. spreading outC. blowing upD. fading away50. A. atmosphereB. experienceC. experimentD. sight51. A. studiedB. observedC. exploredD. regarded52. A. viewB. qualityC. reasonD. purpose53. A. scientistsB. climbersC. localsD. officials5
12、4. A. holding on toB. going back toC. living up toD. giving way to55. A. changesB. clearsC. improvesD. permits56. A. matchB. imagineC. countD. add57. A. villageB. desertC. roadD. lake58. A. ObviouslyB. EasilyC. ConsequentlyD. Finally59. A. permanentB. littleC. freshD. artificial60. A. enjoyB. deserv
13、eC. saveD. acquire2. 【2019·全国II】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Its about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers _41_about the small dog he had seen _42_ alongside the road. He had
14、_43_ to coax(哄)the dog to him but, frightened, it had _44_.Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that _45_ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove _46_. After a long and careful _47_. Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving _48_ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxin
15、g the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with _49_. It just started licking(舔)Ehlers face.A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one _50_ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a _51_ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers _52_ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them h
16、e had _53_ their dog.Jeff had _54_ in lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched _55_ for Rosie in the next four days.Ehlers returned to Minnesota，and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “Its good to kno
17、w theres still someone out there who _56_ enough to go to that kind of _57_,”says Lisa of Ehlers rescue _58_.I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as _59_ to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, Id hope that somebody would be _60_ to go that extra mile.”41. A. read
18、B. forgotC. thoughtD. heard42. A. readB. tremblingC. eatingD. sleeping43. A. triedB. agreedC. promisedD. regretted44. A. calmed downB. stood upC. rolled overD. run off45. A. injuredB. stolenC. lostD. rescued46. A. homeB. pastC. backD. on47. A. preparationB. explanationC. testD. search48. A. cautious
19、lyB. casuallyC. skillfullyD. angrily49. A. surpriseB. joyC. hesitationD. anxiety50. A. predictedB. advertisedC. believedD. recorded51. A. houseB. phoneC. streetD. car52. A. calledB. copiedC. countedD. remembered53. A. fedB. adoptedC. foundD. cured54. A. huntedB. skiedC. livedD. worked55. A. on purpo
20、seB. on timeC. in turnD. in vain56. A. caresB. seesC. suffersD. learns57. A. placeB. troubleC. wasteD. extreme58. A. serviceB. planC. effortD. team59. A. equalB. allergicC. gratefulD. close60. A. suitableB. proudC. wiseD. wiling3. (2019·全国卷III) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The sm
21、all town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- _41_ six months out of the year.Of course, we _42_ it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the towns tourism office. “We see the sky is _43_, b
22、ut down in the valley its darker its like on a _44_ day.”But that _45_ when a system of high-tech _46_ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民)of Rjukan _47_ their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a n
23、earby mountainside were put to _48_. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that _49_ them to turn along with the sun throughout the _50_ and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the towns central _51_, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square mete
24、rs. When the light _52_, Rjukan residents gathered together.“People have been _53_ there and standing there and taking _54_ of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally _55_. I think almost all the people in the town were there. "The 3,500 residents cannot all _56_ the sunshi
25、ne at the same time. _57_, the new light feels like more than enough for the towns _58_ residents."It's not very _59_,” she says, "but it is enough when we are _60_.”41. A. onlyB. obviouslyC. nearlyD. precisely42. A. fearB. believeC. hearD. notice43. A. emptyB. blueC. highD. wide44. A.
26、 cloudyB. normalC. differentD. warm45. A. helpedB. changedC. happenedD. mattered46. A. computersB. telescopesC. mirrorsD. cameras47. A. rememberedB. forecastedC. receivedD. imagined48. A. repairB. riskC. restD. use49. A. forbidsB. directsC. predictsD. follows50. A. dayB. nightC. monthD. year51. A. l
27、ibraryB. hallC. squareD. street52. A. appearedB. returnedC. fadedD. stopped53. A. drivingB. hidingC. campingD. siting54. A. picturesB. notesC. careD. hold55. A. newB. fullC. flatD. silent56. A. blockB. avoidC. enjoyD. store57. A. InsteadB. HoweverC. GraduallyD. Similarly58. A. nature-lovingB. energy
28、-savingC. weather-beatenD. sun-starved59. A. bigB. clearC. coldD. easy60. A. tryingB. waitingC. watchingD. sharing【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2020年全国高考试题还会文章基本控制在45段，200250个词，且趋于稳定。文体以记叙文、夹叙夹议为主，话题多样，但均贴近生活。对于记叙文，要按照记叙文的6要素理顺所叙事情的脉络，还要重视其背后的情感线索。文章均是正能量十足的好文章。文章结构大致相同，都是以“总分”或“总分总”结构为主，第一段是主旨段，提出话题，之后的几个段落展
29、开说明或深入议论。每个段落内部也同样基本采取“总分”或“总分总”结构，段落开头点明该段的大意，然后再展开详细阐述，必要时再做一简单总结。【精讲研法】课堂讲解突破核心考点考点一 猜测生词扫清阅读障碍【例1】We all know that some things are obviously right. For example，it is right to be _1_ to other people.It is also right to look after the environment. Some things are _2_ wrong，too. For instance，we sho
30、uld not hurt or bully others，nor should we litter. Rules often tell us what is right or wrong.1A.kind B.sensitive C.fair D.generous2A.equally B.slightly C.clearly D.increasingly规律方法1： 如何猜测生词扫清阅读障碍？在完形填空中遇到生词是常见的现象，但这却影响了考生对文章的理解判断，并无形中增加了考生的心理压力，对正常发挥不利。一般说来，完形中的生词不会出现在选项中。对于那些不影响文章理解的生词，我们不必去深究，通过上
31、下文了解其大概意义即可，有时可以忽略；而对于比较重要的和解题有关的生词，要注意构词法、上下句语义、语法逻辑或根据中心思想推敲句子间的逻辑等来把握词义。【变式精练】When we completed the "SEVEN"-hour trip to Toronto later that day, the reunion was absolutely 46 and I can sincerely say I enjoyed every single minute of that 47 journey. 46. A. hard B. wonderful C. timely D.
32、surprising 47. A. frequent B. final C. tough D. long 考点二 分析句子结构破解长难句【例2】_41_ Id left myself plenty of time，soon it was _42_ I was going to be late，as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the _43_direction.41A. Although BSince CUnless DOnce42A.strange Bnecessary Cobvious Dimportant43A
33、.same Bright Cgeneral Dopposite规律方法2：如何分析句子结构破解长难句?1找出谓语动词找到了谓语动词，就说明有句子存在。有时态的动词通常是谓语。然后，顺着谓语动词往前找，如果有引导词存在，说明这个谓语动词所在的句子就是个从句，再根据引导词前的单词判定该从句的类型。如果没有引导词存在，那说明这是主句的谓语动词，那它的前面就是主语，后面就应该是宾语或表语。2寻找并列连词常见的并列连词有and，but，yet，or，so，for，not only.but also.看到这些单词，一般就有并列结构存在，并且很可能存在着省略问题。3寻找引导词找到引导词就找到了从句，再根据引
34、导词前的单词确定其是什么从句。4寻找名词一般的长句子中，名词后只要不是谓语动词，一般都有修饰限定成分，即定语或同位语。也就是说，我们只要能寻找到名词，其后的句子成分就确定是修饰或解释前面的名词的。【变式精练】More lives would have been _50_had it not been for a group of brave young men who urged the crowd to _51_.50. A. complained B. removedC. lostD. passed51. A. run away B. stand upC. put awayD. calm
35、down考点三 日积月累攻克固定搭配【例3】At that time my family lived a stones_40_from Ismails. And no one was bothered that Ismail was a Malay Muslim and I was an Indian Hinduwe just_41_(accepted) our differences.40A. drop Bthrow Cmove Droll规律方法3：如何日积月累攻克固定搭配？这类题与语法结构题有点类似，但主要侧重惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。我
36、们需要熟练掌握考试大纲中所列举的短语、习语的本义和引申义，并尽可能多地积累这方面的知识，以提高自己的知识水平和应试能力，培养根据语境准确使用短语和习语的能力。所以，平时要多积累固定搭配是解决此类题的有效方法。【变式精练】When we got to the car, I turned to my father and said, “Dad, I want to 38 people feel like that.” 38Aget Bhope CmakeDcheer考点四 广泛阅读加深对西方文化的了解【例4】Northern Europeans usually do not like having
37、 _43_ contact(接触) even with friends，certainly not with _44_.People from Latin American countries，_45_(on the other hand)，touch each other quite a lot. Therefore，its possible that in _46_(conversation)，it may look like a Latino is _47_ a Norwegian all over the room.43Aeye Bverbal Cbodily Dtelephone44
38、Astrangers Brelatives Cneighbours Denemies47Adisturbing Bhelping Cguiding Dfollowing规律方法4：如何广泛阅读加深对西方文化的了解？跨文化思考意识是中学英语新课程标准中要求的基本准则之一。因此考生在备考过程中，应该有意识地利用有关资料，了解一些有关中西方文化差异的知识来完善自己的知识系统。完形填空题中有时就渗透着相关的，如科学、历史、文化、风俗民情等方面的知识。如果考生掌握了丰富的文化背景知识和生活常识，就具备了一定的判断能力，可以大大简化复杂的分析过程和判断过程。这就要求考生平时既要多体验生活，又要扩大阅读面，
39、增强自己这方面的知识储备，避免常识性错误。同时，还要注意中西方文化的差异，避免出现汉语式表达或理解。【变式精练】You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to _24 (enter) the building. This was new to me，because we use the_25_door in South Korea. 25A. main Bsame Cfront Dback考点五 瞻前顾后揣摩
40、语境【例5】But the phone didnt work，and when he tried to go down the outdoor stairway，he was _26_ by a wall of flames. Sibson realized he was trapped(困住)Sibsons house was three kilometers _27_ the main road and was so well hidden by trees that he knew calling for help would be _28_.26A. burned Bstopped C
41、shocked Dcovered27A. beside Boff Cacross Dalong28A. limited Bfalse Cfruitless Dregretful规律方法5：如何瞻前顾后揣摩语境？利用语境选词旨在考查考生在语境中熟练运用所学语言的实践技能。完形填空的每一个空白的设置并不是随心所欲的，命题人主要通过上下文暗示出某种信息来保证答案的正确性和唯一性，因此考生应该通过上下文的暗示获取解题信息，因此做完形填空题时一定要“瞻前顾后，前引后联”，充分利用文章所有可能提供的信息解题。在做题时考生还可以利用褒贬性语境及一些语言结构来判定正确答案。任何完形填空文章的语境都具有一定的褒
42、贬性，它反映了作者或主人公特定的情绪状态，并支撑着文意的发展，因此利用褒贬性语境的情感性可以巧妙进行完形填空信息推断。所以考生要在读懂原文、掌握大意的基础上，选语气与文章一致的选项。【变式精练】Then 9 over, Paderewski reached down with his left hand and began filling in a bass part. Soon his right arm reached around to the other side of the child and he added a running obbligato (伴奏). 9.A. turn
43、ingB. bendingC. risingD. handing考点六 抓住主题句明了文章主旨【例6】Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society _54_ across generations. Some find todays technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyones view on the subject，its hard to imagine what life would be like _55_ daily advancements i
44、n technology54A. vary Barise Cspread Dexist55A. beyond Bwithin Cdespite Dwithout规律方法6：如何抓住主题句明了文章主旨？完形填空旨在考查考生在特定的语境中对文章内容的理解以及对作者意图的把握能力。命题人通过一定的语言环境来考查考生是否具备准确识别或理解作者的写作意图或态度的实践运用能力，是否具有能够通过上下文暗示出的某种信息来保证答案的正确性和唯一性的推断能力。一般情况下，抓住主题句，就能抓住文章的主旨。主题句一般在文章开头或结尾。在开头有总领全文，提纲契领，指明下文方向的作用；在文章结尾有总结全文、点明中心的作用。因此，分析好文章的开头和结尾有助于准确地概括文章的中心思想。找主题句时还要留意文章中的标志性的词语，如but，however，while，also，in a word，in short，on the contrary等。这些标志性的词语可以暗示文章的主题句，对把握文章主旨有着重要的作用。【变式精练】I first met Jennie in the 26 waiting room and we had talked several timesThe last day 1 was at the hospital，I saw Jennie in t