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1、UNIT 4Space ExplorationA组·基础巩固. 读法填空A(2021·全国重点中学模拟)China sent up its first Mars probe (探测器) Tianwen 1 on Thursday. It is expected 1. _ (reach) the planet in about seven months. The mission to Mars is much 2. _ (hard) compared to that to the moon.China's Mars mission, 3. (design) for t
2、he mapping of key zones of the planet's surface, indicates the country's space science and technology 4. (progress) rapidly in the past years. It expresses the determination and perseverance (毅力) of the Chinese nation in looking for 5. (science) truth.Tianwen 1 has immediately grabbed people
3、's attention after its launch, and 6. is reported that there're countless discussions on topics related to space flight and the exploration of outer space. People's 7. (curious) about the unknown and thirst for knowledge are 8. (obvious) aroused whenever the country makes breakthroughs i
4、n space exploration. And astronauts, scientists and engineers are becoming role models 9. more and more young people. The “Mars fever” that has been aroused shows people's desire to know more about space, which requires more innovations (创新) to discover more about the universe 10. we live.【语篇解读】
5、本文是一篇说明文。中国成功发射“天问一号”火星探测器，该探测器肩负什么重任？这次发射又引发了什么热潮呢？1. to reach考查非谓语动词。 本句使用了短语expect sb./sth. to do “预计某人/某物做”的被动结构，故填to reach。2. harder考查形容词的比较级。根据语境和空后的compared to“和相比”可知，此处要用形容词的比较级harder。3. designed考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，mission后是非限制性定语，design与mission是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处表示动作已经发生，故用动词的ed形式。4. has progr
6、essed考查时态和主谓一致。 根据句中的时间状语in the past years 可知， indicates后的宾语从句要用现在完成时。宾语从句的主语是the country's space science and technology，应视为单数，故填has progressed。注意：此处的progress是动词，意为“进步，进展”。5. scientific考查形容词。本空作定语修饰名词truth，故用science的形容词形式scientific“科学的”。6. it考查形式主语。 根据语境可知，and后的句子是“it is 过去分词that从句”句型，其中it是形式主语，
7、that从句是真正的主语。故填it。7. curiosity考查名词。本空与后面的thirst并列作主语，故用名词curiosity。8. obviously考查副词。本空所填词修饰谓语动词，应该用副词obviously“显然，明显地”。9. for考查介词。此处表示“的榜样”，此时models与介词for连用，for后面引出对象。10. where考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，universe后跟一个定语从句，从句中live是不及物动词，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。B(2020·山东临沂、枣庄6月模拟)We recognise our friends' faces
8、. And we are not alone. Many social animals can also identify individuals of their own species by facial 1. _ (feature), because they need to adjust their behaviour 2. _ (depend) on who they meet. And a study has shown that some domesticated (驯养的) animals can even distinguish among different faces i
9、n photographs.Researchers first 3. _ (teach) horses to “choose” between two sidebyside images on a computer screen. Then the horses that were shown photos of their keeper alongside faces of 4. _ (familiar) humans ignored the strangers' faces, identifying 5. _ (correct) their keeper a
10、bout 75% of the time. What's more, the horses also preferentially picked photos of their previous keeper. And they 6. _ (be) at least as accurate in picking out their previous keeper 7. _ they were in identifying their current one.In addition, horses seem to have 8. _ strong longterm memor
11、y for human faces, consistent with their long lifespan and history of domestication. In future experiments, the researchers may test whether looking at photos of people that they have had bad experiences with might cause horses 9. _ (act) anxiously. So maybe think twice before doing anything 10. _ m
12、ight give a horse a long face.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。许多群居动物可以通过面部特征来识别自己物种的个体。一项研究表明，一些驯养的动物甚至可以区分照片中不同的面孔。1. features考查名词复数。根据语境可知，面部特征不止一个，应用名词复数形式。2. depending考查非谓语动词。许多群居动物也可以通过面部特征来识别自己物种的个体，因为它们需要根据遇到的个体来调整自己的行为。because引导的从句的主干为they need to adjust their behaviour。depend on的逻辑主语为they，两者之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状
13、语。3. taught考查动词时态。根据下文的“Then the horses that were shown”可知，此处也应用一般过去时态。4. unfamiliar考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作定语。根据语境和下文的“strangers”可知，此处表示陌生人的面孔，故应用unfamiliar“陌生的，不熟悉的”。5. correctly考查副词。此处修饰动词，应用副词作状语。6. were考查时态。根据空前连词And和前后文时态为一般过去时可知，此处应填were。7. as考查连词。 此处为as . as . 结构，意为“和一样”，表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副
14、词，第二个as为连词，其基本结构为：asadj./adv.as。8. a考查冠词。 此处为泛指，strong以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。9. to act考查非谓语动词。此处为cause sb./sth. to do结构，动词不定式作宾语补足语。10. that考查定语从句。此处为限制性定语从句，关系代词在从句中作主语，又由于先行词为anything, 故关系代词通常用that。. 根据提示补全句子1. 我们也将重视学前教育，关心特殊教育。(attach)We will also attach_importance_to preschool education and care_about
15、_special _education.2. 为了结交更多的新朋友，你必须做一个诚实的人。(so as to)You have got to be an honest person so_as_to_make_more_new_friends.3. 电脑游戏不仅占用我们宝贵的时间，而且对我们的眼睛有很大伤害。(not only . but also .)Computer games not_only take up our valuable time, but_also_do_great_ harm_to our eyes.Not_only_do_computer_games_take_up
16、our valuable time, but_also_do_ great_harm_to our eyes.(倒装句)4. 因为越来越多的污染，很多物种正在灭绝。(result)There is more and more pollution and as_a_result,_many species are dying out.As_a_result_of more and more pollution, many species are dying out.5. 李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。(倍数表达法) Li Ming's mobile phone look
17、ed just the same as Zhang Hua's, but it cost_twice_as_much_as his.B组·能力提升. 阅读理解Astronomers have found patches(斑块) of frost around the moon's north and south poles which could one day provide a source of water for human visitors. The scientists spotted the signature of frozen water in in
18、frared(红外线的) measurements taken by Nasa's moon mineralogy mapper, an instrument that flew on India's Chandrayaan1 mission to the moon a decade ago. The freshlyanalysed data show that water ice lies low on the ground near the moon's polar regions that are permanently in
19、shade and so sheltered from the heat of the sun's rays.Most of the ice was found near the moon's south pole around a bunch of craters. In the north, the patches of ice appeared to be more separated, according to Shuai Li at the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology in Honolulu. Foll
20、owup measurements of the ice patches found that they tended to form where the surface temperature never rose above 163 ， but temperature alone was not enough to guarantee frozen water: only 3.5% of the shadowy areas the scientists checked for water revealed notable signs of ice.The images are
21、the first “direct and definitive evidence” of water ice that is exposed on the surface of the moon, according to a report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.“These ice deposits might be put to use as a local resource in future exploration of the moon，” the authors write.The India
22、n Space Agency launched its Chandrayaan1 mission to the moon in 2008 and was swiftly rewarded with evidence of frozen water on the lunar surface a year later. Rather than sheets of ice on the surface, the water is thought to exist as water molecules(分子) bound to grains of moon dust.Soon after
23、the Indian feat, NASA crashed a spacecraft into the 100kmwide Cabeus crater which is in permanent shade on the moon's south pole. The intentional act of lunar violence threw up some pieces of soil from which scientists were able to confirm the presence of water on the moon.1. What can we i
24、nfer from Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2?A. Chandrayaan1 was rewarded with glory.B. Frozen water is believed to have been found.C. Astronauts spotted the signature of frozen water.D. Humans enjoyed a leap in moon exploration.2. Which of the following best explains “deposits” underlined in Paragra
25、ph 3?A. Fund.B. Part of the cost.C. A natural accumulation.D. Money in a bank account.3. When was water first detected on the moon?A. In 2008.B. In 2009.C. In 2017.D. In 2018.4. Why did NASA crash a spacecraft into the crater?A. To collect definitive evidence of water.B. To make discoveries equal to
26、 the Indians.C. To discover secrets of the moon's dark side.D. To separate water molecules from moon dust.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。最新发现，月球两极附近分布冰块，或为人类访客提供水源。1. D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Astronomers have found patches(斑块) of frost around the moon's north and south poles which could one day provide a source of
27、water for human visitors.”和第二段中的“Most of the ice was found near the moon's south pole around a bunch of craters.”可知，人类在月球探险中有了一次飞跃。故选D。2. C词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The images are the first direct and definitive evidence of water ice that is exposed on the surface of the moon”和“These ice deposits might be p
28、ut to use as a local resource in future exploration of the moon”可推知，画线词deposit的意思是“一个自然的积累”。故选C。3. B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The Indian Space Agency launched its Chandrayaan1 mission to the moon in 2008 and was swiftly rewarded with evidence of frozen water on the lunar surface a year later.”可知，月球上第一次发现水
29、是在2009年。故选B。4. A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The intentional act of lunar violence threw up some pieces of soil from which scientists were able to confirm the presence of water on the moon.”可知，美国国家航空航天局要把一艘宇宙飞船撞进火山口是为了收集水的确凿证据。故选A。. 七选五When it comes to creativity, one of our biggest concerns is usually how we can
30、 be more creative, or how to come up with better ideas. I've gathered some of the most practical studies to help improve creativity. 1Many people think that happiness is the ideal state to create something. Recently a study on creativity made a great conclusion. 2 I don't want you to put you
31、rself in a bad mood to create something, but next time you're in strong feelings, try to sit down and focus that energy on creating something.3 Reading or feeling absurd (or dreamlike) things can help boost (促进) pattern recognition and creative thinking. Because the mind is always seeking to mak
32、e sense of the things that it sees, and such objects put it in “overdrive” while the mind tries to work out exactly what it is looking at or reading. I like reading interesting short stories like The Last Question when looking for inspiration.You can also get moving, because it's suggested that
33、exercise can actually improve creative thinking as well, due to its ability to get the heart pumping and put people in a positive mood. 4 It's not necessarily the act; it's the change in moods. If you're stuck in a creative job and want to take a break, try exercise while your brain is s
34、ubconsciously at work. 5 I tend to jogging outdoors in this case, and it's truly helpful for me.A. Why not stick to reading?B. Experiencing something unreasonable works.C. It may help to speed up your “Aha！” moment.D. Creativity increases when whatever feelings run high.E. Try a few out for your
35、self and see which ones work best.F. It can produce more creative thoughts just like thinking about love.G. We are in two very different states of mind when trying to create something.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。创造力不管是在学习还是工作中都尤为重要，文中介绍了提高创造力的方法。1. E根据空前的“I've gathered some of the most practical studies to h
36、elp improve creativity.”以及下文各段介绍的提高创造力的方法可知，E项承上启下，符合语境。2. D结合空前的“Recently a study on creativity made a great conclusion.”和空后的“I don't want you to put yourself in a bad mood to create something .”可推测，空处应是这一重大结论的具体内容，且与情绪和感觉有关，故D项符合语境。3. B该段主要讲了由于人类大脑的特性，阅读或感受荒谬的(或梦幻的)东西可以帮助提高创造力，B项“经历一些不同寻常的事情可以
37、奏效”可总结该段内容。4. F上文提到运动能够让心脏快速跳动并使人拥有积极的心情，再结合空后的“It's not necessarily the act; it's the change in moods.”可知，F项“运动就像对爱的思考一样可以产生更多有创造力的想法”符合语境。5. C该段主要讲运动可以激发创造力，根据空前提到的“If you're stuck in a creative job and want to take a break, try exercise while your brain is subconsciously at work.”，可知C
38、项承接上文，符合语境。. 完形填空 An act of kindness doesn't have to be a grand gesture. Even those small acts of kindness can make a difference in someone's day. That was just the case for Amie Mickey when she 1 a bumper sticker on her car reading: You Matter.Amie started to do this several years ago. At f
39、irst, she wondered if people would 2 it. However, much to her surprise, she began seeing a flood of 3 every time she hit the road. More often than not, people 4 slowly near her car would roll down their windows, raising their 5 ， waving and smiling. Sometimes, she even found some sticky notes left o
40、n her windshield saying things like “You 6 too！” Once while she was driving down the highway, she became 7 when a man driving a sports car at high speed pulled his car alongside suddenly, waving and mouthing, “You matter！” Though it took her some time to recover from the 8 ， she still felt happy. La
41、st year, someone 9 her car while she was waiting for her friend in the car by the roadside, saying to her, “It is a(an) 10 sticker. I've seen various stickers before, but none of them have touched me as your sticker has done.”The two small words on the sticker seem simple enough, but they really
42、 struck a chord with (引起共鸣) many complete strangers who 11 to catch sight of the sticker.Stories like Amie's really 12 the rest of us. Sometimes a kind word or gesture may lift our 13 and it doesn't cost a thing except for a little extra thought. Maybe it means offering a friend a hug, prais
43、ing the children when they 14 well in school, helping someone out or volunteering at animal shelters or shelters for the homeless. Acts of kindness are waiting everywhere. Small as they seem, they can make a 15 impact on the world, and help form general goodness.1. A. tore upB. picked upC. fixed upD
44、. put up2. A. watchB. overlookC. noticeD. neglect3. A. attentionB. strangersC. confusionD. trouble4. A. runningB. drivingC. walkingD. riding5. A. voicesB. hatsC. shouldersD. thumbs6. A. countB. shareC. valueD. matter7. A. frightenedB. frustratedC. embarrassedD. disappointed8. A. parkingB. speedC. in
45、cidentD. event9. A. approachedB. blockedC. repairedD. cleaned10. A. importantB. specialC. typicalD. skeptical11. A. happenedB. occurredC. managedD. offered12. A. shockB. inspireC. delightD. satisfy13. A. feelingsB. thoughtsC. spiritsD. minds14. A. workB. exerciseC. conductD. behave15. A. reliableB.
46、subjectiveC. positiveD. brief【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了Amie Mickey在汽车保险杠上贴了一张写着“你很重要”的纸条，通过这种小的善意行为来传播正能量。1. D通过下文“I've seen various stickers before . your sticker has done”可知，Amie是在汽车保险杠上贴了一张贴纸。故选D。2. C通过上下文分析，此处和下文第3空提到 “每次出门会有很多人来关注它。” 相呼应。故选C。3. A通过上下文分析，上文提到 “起初，她想知道人们是否会注意到它” 。接着出现 “然而” ，前后转折表
47、示它引起了很多人的关注。故选A。4. B通过上下文分析，空后提到 “人们摇下车窗”，可知此处表示人们缓慢开车行驶至其附近。故选B。5. D通过上下文分析，空后提到人们挥手、微笑。同时根据下文可知，人们对她的行为表示称赞。故此处的thumbs表示称赞认可，所以竖起拇指。故选D。6. D通过上下文分析，此处和前句提到别人对她的行为表示 “赞赏，挥手，微笑” 并列。也是表达了别人对她行为的认可。同时和第7空处提到的 “You matter！” 相呼应。故选D。7. A通过上下文分析，此处提到“突然把车开到她旁边”。所以她应该感到很害怕。故选A。8. C通过上下文分析，此处指代上题提到的 “一个开着跑
48、车的男人突然把车开到她旁边，一边挥手一边用嘴说： 你很重要！，她被吓了一跳。”这件事。故选C。9. A通过上下文分析，该空的动词和同句中的saying构成前后的逻辑关系。先走近，然后说。故选A。10. B通过上下文分析，后句提到“I've seen various stickers before, but none of them have touched me as your sticker has done.”可知，这个贴纸和他见过的其他贴纸不一样。故选B。11. A通过上下文分析，文章中提到的 “贴纸” 是Amie贴在保险杠上的，用来鼓励大家的。很多人都是碰巧无意中看到而受感动的。故选A。12. B通过上下文分析，下文讲到Amie的行为给人们带来了一些思考即启发了人们。故选B。13. C通过上下文分析，前文提到 “像Amie这样的故事真的激励了我们其他人”。同时在最后一句话提到 “它们看似渺小，却能对世界产生积极的影响”。综合分析，一些小行为会振奋我们的精神。故选C。14. D通过上下文分析，表扬孩子，是因为他们在学校的表现不错。故选 D。15. C通过上下文分析，此处是对上文进行总结：上文提到了Amie的这种行为，给人们带来了很多的共鸣，激励其他人。还提到“