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1、关于英语五种基本句型there be1第1页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三2观察句子(以动词为分界线，分割成2部分）陈述的对象（主与部分）陈述的对象（主与部分）陈述的内容（谓语部分）陈述的内容（谓语部分）Iam a Webaholic.Chatting on the Internet is interesting.Ilike chating online.Chatting on the Internet brings me a lot of fun.Wecan call Internet addicts a Webaholic.Internet datinghurts.第2页，讲稿共36张，创作
2、于星期三3发现发现一、以代词（I，we）、名词（Internet dating）或名词短语（chatting on the Internet）开头，来表明陈述的对象，这就是句子的主语）二、在主语的后面紧接动词，如am，is，like，brings，can call和hurt，来说明主语做什么，或描述主语的状况，动词及其后面的部分，我们称为谓语部分。总结：完整的句子由二部分组成 “陈述对象+陈述内容”陈述对象一般由n.或相当于n.的成分充当，语法术语即主语。陈述内容则是说明主语怎么了，都是用v.表达，称之为谓语。因此，完整的英文句子就是“主语+谓语”或“名词+动词”第3页，讲稿共36张，创作于星
3、期三45种基本句型细分概述 主语主语 谓语动词谓语动词 其他成分其他成分五种句型五种句型 Iama Webaholic.(表语）1.主语+谓语（系）+表语Chatting on the Internet isinteresting.（表语）Internet datinghurts2.主语+谓语Chatting on the Internet likechatting online.（宾语）3.主语+谓语+宾语Webringsme.(间接宾语）a lot of fun.(直接宾语）4.主+谓+间宾+直宾Internet datingcan callInternet addicts（宾语）a We
4、baholic.(宾语补足语）5.主+谓+宾+宾补第4页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三5为什么5中基本句型？（关键在谓语动词）（）（）主谓主谓 （）（）主谓宾主谓宾 （）（）主谓主谓间间直直（）（）主系表主系表 （）（）主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补（6 6）There beThere be+主语主语 （1）动词后不带宾语）动词后不带宾语（2）动词后接宾语动词后接宾语（3）动词后接）动词后接2个宾语个宾语（4）谓语是系动词）谓语是系动词（5）一个宾语不能表达）一个宾语不能表达 完整意思，接补充宾语成分完整意思，接补充宾语成分（6）表存在）表存在第5页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三6英语基本句型英语基本句型-
5、1主谓结构主谓结构第6页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三7构成：是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如：The（red）sun rises.Tom has(already)left.主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。如如:1.The 1.The redred sun rises sun rises in the east.in the east.2.So they had to travel 2.So they had to travel by air or boatby air or boat.3.We got up 3.We got up early so as t
6、o catch the firstearly so as to catch the first busbus.4.She sat 4.She sat therethere alonealone,reading a novel.reading a novel.5.He came back 5.He came back when we were eating.when we were eating.6.6.WeakWeak buildings will fall down buildings will fall down in an earthquakein an earthquake,but,b
7、ut strong ones may stay up.strong ones may stay up.主谓结构主谓结构第7页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三8(主语主语+谓语谓语动词动词)扩展和修饰扩展和修饰The boy spoke to his teacher.-The boy spoke loudly to his teacher.-The little boy named Tom spoke to his Chinese teacher in a loud voice.-The little boy called Tom spoke to his beautiful Chinese tea
8、cher in an amazing loud voice.第8页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三9yesterday evening.two hours.in the past ten years.in 1919.1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。2会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。3在过去的十年里，（在）我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变在过去的十年里，（在）我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。化。41919年，（在）北京爆发了年，（在）北京爆发了“五五.四四”运动。运动。She went homevery lateThe meeting will last Great changes have ta
9、ken placein my home townThe May Fourth Movement broke outin Beijing巩固练习：巩固练习：第9页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三10in the morning.to borrow books.to the south.five years ago.five kilos.every day.5每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。6这个盒子重五公斤。这个盒子重五公斤。7五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。每
10、天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。Classes beginat eightThis box weighsI livedin Beijingsome birds flyIn autumn,My grandfather gets upearlya lot of students comeEvery afternoon to the library第10页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三1111.会议有可能开两个半小时会议有可能开两个半小时.12.我所就读的学校坐落在那个美丽的湖边我所就读的学校坐落在那个美丽的湖边.13.她盼望已久的机会终于到来了她盼望已久的机会终于到来了.14.正在睡觉的婴儿笑了正在
11、睡觉的婴儿笑了.The meeting will lasttwo and a half hours.The schoollieswhere I studyby the beautiful lake.The chancecamewhich she wanted to get for a long timeat last.The baby smiles.sleeping第11页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三12英语基本句型英语基本句型-2主谓宾结构主谓宾结构第12页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三13 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构结构：由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。1.
12、Tom made a hole in the wall.2.I dont know if he can come tomorrow.3.They havent decided where to go next.4.She stopped teaching English two years ago.5.It took them ten years to build the dam.6.Mother promises to give me a present.宾语可由名词，条件状语从句，地点状语从句，动词宾语可由名词，条件状语从句，地点状语从句，动词-ing短语，代词，介词短短语，代词，介词短语
13、充当语充当第13页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三14(主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语)扩展和修饰扩展和修饰I forgot to mail the letter yesterday.-Unfortunately,I forgot to mail the letter yesterday.-Unfortunately,I forgot to mail the letter yesterday,which disappointed my mather so much.第14页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三151昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这
14、本书他读过多次了这本书他读过多次了4他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。I wrote a letterlast night.I want to talk with youthis afternoon.He has read this bookmany times.They have carried out the plansuccessfully.That gentleman can speak three languagesfluently.巩固练习：巩固练习：第15页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三166我收到了笔友从澳大利亚
15、寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。8我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。9.他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。10.我开窗户你在意吗？我开窗户你在意吗？I received a letterfrom my penfriendin Australia.Jim cannot dress himself.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.He did not know what to say.Do you mind my opening the windo
16、w?第16页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三17英语基本句型英语基本句型3 双宾语结构双宾语结构第17页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三18双宾语结构双宾语结构构成构成：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示
17、为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for 的）buy,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。第18页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三19(主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语)扩展和修饰扩展和修饰Grandma told me a story.-As expected,Grandma told me a stor
18、y.-As expected,Grandma told me a story for the purpose of cheering me up.-To my surprised,Grandma told me one story after another in the hope of cheering me up.希望：hope，hope for，for the purpose of，in the hope of 第19页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三201Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本
19、字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。Mr Johnson taught us Germanlast year.Grandma told me an interesting storylast night.Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the ticket to the conductor.第20页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三215我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了他用他的
20、第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣一件毛衣Shall I call you a taxi?The new machine will save you a lot of labour.He bought a new coat for his motherwith his first months salary.第21页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三22 英语基本句型英语基本句型-4 主系表结构主系表结构第22页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三23主系表结构主系表结构构成：构成：由由主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语组成，主要用以说明主语的组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状特征，类属，状态，身份态，身份
21、等。系动词有等。系动词有:1.表示存在状态的表示存在状态的 be2.表示状态延续的表示状态延续的 remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的表示状态变化的 become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;4.表特征的表特征的 seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;Our English teacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes delicious.The potatoes went bad in the fields.Their boss
22、seems satisfied with the work.Deep water stays still.第23页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三24(主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语)扩展和修饰扩展和修饰The soup tastes good.-To our surprise,The soup tastes good.-The soup tastes good,which is beyond our expectation.-Frankly speaking,The soup tastes good.-To be honest,The soup tastes so good as to s
23、urprise everyone.第24页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三25巩固练习：巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他十五岁他就成为就成为有名的钢琴家了。有名的钢琴家了。3孩子们很少孩子们很少保持保持安静。安静。4她的工作她的工作是是在幼儿园里照看儿童。在幼儿园里照看儿童。In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen,he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet.Her job is to look aft
24、er the children in the nursery.第25页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三265他失业了。他失业了。6树叶树叶已经变已经变黄了黄了7这个报告这个报告听起来听起来很有意思很有意思He is out of work.The leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting.第26页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三271.As in China,the weather is different from area to area.主系表句型主系表句型的几个特例：的几个特例：固定短语固定短语+it is句型句型2.We
25、are greatly surprised to meet him there.3.It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.4.It is kind of you to say so.5.It is not easy for them to go there by bike.6.Is it Tom who is playing the piano?7.It is a fact that they cant pass the exam.第27页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三28英语基本句型英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构复
26、合宾语结构第28页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三29复合宾语复合宾语构成:此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：They made Tom monitor.The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.He used to do his homework with his radio on.用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补
27、足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.第29页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三301那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 2她正在听人家讲故事。她正在听人家讲故事。3我从来没看见这个字这样用过。我从来没看见这个字这样用过。4他感到很难跟你交谈。他感到很难跟你交谈。5我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。6学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。The terrible
28、 sound made the children frightened.She is listening to someone telling stories.I have never seen the word used that way before.He felt it very difficult to talk with you.I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when cl
29、ass begins.第30页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三31英语基本句型英语基本句型6 There be 句型句型第31页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三32There be 句型句型 构成：构成：此句型是由“there+be+主语+其他”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park.Once upon
30、a time there lived an old king in the town.第32页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三33 be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有 There is/are 过去有 There was/were 将来有 There will be；There is/are going to be.现在已经有 There has/have been 可能有 There might be.肯定有 There must be There must have been.过去曾经有 There used to be 似乎有 There seems/seem
31、/seemed to be 碰巧有 There happen/happens/happened to be 第33页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三34There beThere be+主语主语 (例句)There was a big fire in the early April of 1978.There seemed to be a big fire in the early April of 1978.There was said to be a big fire in the early April of 1978.There happened to be a big fire in t
32、he early April of 1978.There couldnt have been a big fire in the early April of 1978.第34页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三35巩固练习：巩固练习：1这个村子过去只有一口井。这个村子过去只有一口井。2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。3天气预报说下午有大风。天气预报说下午有大风。4灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。5战前这儿一直有家电影院的战前这儿一直有家电影院的.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.The light is on.There must be someone in the office.There used to be a cinema here before the war.There was only a well in the village.第35页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三2022/10/16感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第36页，讲稿共36张，创作于星期三