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1、Unit 1-Section B Learning about Language重点解析【知识框图】参考答案：重点词汇1. Conclusion2. penicillin3. Flee4. Circumstance5. Novelist6. Novel7. Flow8. chart重点短语1. (正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗2. 流程图3. 努力地4. 与.不同5. 以而著名6. 得出结论7. 带着.的目的8. 改变某人的主意9. 关心，在乎10. 在显示出潜力11. 失去控制12. 在建设中【重点词汇】circumstance n.条件;环境;状况【教材原句】Her circumstances
2、 are beyond our control.她的情况是我们无法控制的。【词汇精讲】circumstance n.条件;环境;状况,常用复数形式。Obviously we cant deal with the problem until we know all the circumstances.显然,我们只有了解全部情况后才能处理这个问题。I wish we could have met under happier circumstances.我真希望我们是在更愉快的情况下相识的。【词汇拓展】Under no circumstances will they give up; they ne
3、ver have and never will.他们在任何情况下都不会放弃,他们从未放弃过,将来也决不会。We should stand by our promises under any circumstances.在任何情况下我们都应该信守诺言。 conclusion n.结论;推论【教材原句】Did you come to any conclusions?你得出结论了吗?【词汇精讲】conclusion n.结论;推论Your information is inaccurate and your conclusion is therefore wrong.你的信息不准确,所以你的结论是错
4、误的。I drew a conclusion from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed.我从我自己的经历中得出结论:患难见真情。【词汇拓展】We conclude that the two substances have combined to form the new material.我们得出这样的结论:两种物质化合而形成新的物质。Can human beings live on the moon?Its too early to draw a conclusion.人类是否能在月球上生存?现在下结论还
5、为时过早。【重点句式】Id like to try that Chinese herbal medicine again,which seems to work best for my cough.我想再试一次那种中草药,它似乎对我的咳嗽最有效。【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。主句是Id like to try.,which引导的是非限制性定语从句。would like意为“愿意;想要”,后接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。She asked me what I would like to do and mentioned a particular job.她问我想干什么,然后提到了一份特别的工作
6、。I would like to thank them for allowing me to develop their original idea.我想感谢他们允许我深入完善他们最初的想法。【句式拓展】feel like意为“想要”,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。I am very thirsty and feel like a drink now.我很渴,现在想喝点饮料。I feel like staying at home and watching TV.我想在家里看电视。 It struck him that the other Chinese men in the phot
7、o apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen.他感到惊讶的是,照片中的其他中国男人显然不在乎同胞们发生了什么。【句式剖析】it是形式主语,that引导的句子是真正的主语,what引导的句子作介词about的宾语。 It strikes sb that.某人突然想到,某人感到惊讶的是It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the te
8、am.我突然意识到和另一支球队比赛对队里所有的女孩来说都是一个很好的学习机会。【句式拓展】Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.我突然想起在那个年代,一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。When I got home,it occurred to me that I had left my book in the classroom.回到家后我发现我把书忘在教室里了。【重点语法】非限制性定语从句1.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句跟先行词的关系并不十分密切,只是做
9、一些附加说明,不起限制作用,这类从句往往用逗号与主句分开。We walked down the village street,which led to the temple.我们沿着村子的大街走去,大街通向庙宇。John,who sells ancient vases,is an old friend of my fathers.卖古代花瓶的约翰是我父亲的一位老朋友。有时这类从句所修饰的不是前面某一个词,而是代表整个主句所讲的内容,通常用逗号与主句分开。They are coming back to us,which means that they have got the copper sw
10、ord.他们要回到我们这儿来了,这意味着他们得到了铜剑。He bought his mother a painting for her birthday,which pleased her a lot.他买了一幅画作为生日礼物送给母亲,这使她非常高兴。2.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词具有限制作用,使该词的含义更具体、更明确,这种从句不能省掉,否则句子的意义就不完整,从句与主句之间不能用逗号隔开。He took little notice of the honours that were given to him for his research on antique.他不太重视那些由于
11、他对古董的研究而给予他的荣誉。Do you remember the Qing Dynasty vase which I bought last year?你记得我去年买的清代花瓶吗?3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(1)形式不同限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔开,非限制性定语从句与其先行词之间一般有逗号隔开。I will never forget the days which we spent together visiting the Summer Palace.我永远不会忘记我们一起参观颐和园的那些日子。She heard a terrible noise coming
12、from the ancient tower,which brought her heart into her mouth.她听到古塔里面传来一个可怕的声音,这把她的心提到了嗓子眼上。(2)意义不同限制性定语从句与其先行词关系十分密切,如果去掉从句,剩余的部分意思往往不完整,甚至失去意义;非限制性定语从句只是其先行词的附加说明,如去掉,句子剩余部分意思仍然完整。His sister,who works in an antique shop,is coming to see him tomorrow.他在古董店工作的姐姐明天来看他。We will never forget the happy d
13、ays when we rebuilt the wooden tower.我们永远忘不了我们重修木塔的那段快乐日子。(3)先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词;非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词,也可以是整个句子。Mike sold the old house,which made his father very angry.(先行词为逗号前的整个句子,即:卖房子这件事)迈克把老房子卖了,这使得他的父亲很生气。Mike sold the old house which came down from his father.(先行词是 house)迈克卖掉了从他父亲
14、手里传下来的老房子。(4)引导词不同能引导限制性定语从句的引导词一般都能引导非限制性定语从句。但请注意:that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。【误】They look very happy,that means that they have won the match.【正】They look very happy,which means that they have won the match.他们看上去很高兴,这意味着他们赢得了比赛。(5)翻译不同翻译限制性定语从句时,一般先翻译从句,后翻译先行词;翻译非限制性定语从句时,一般先翻译先行词,后翻译从句,形成两个并列分句或其他类型的分句。I
15、have a son who is now studying in the USA.我有一个现在在美国学习的儿子。(可能还有儿子在别处)I have a son,who is now studying archaeology in the university.我有一个儿子,他现在在大学学习考古学。(含有“我只有一个儿子”之意)She is going to spend the holiday in Macao,where she will visit some places of interest.她要到澳门去度假,在那里她将游览几处名胜。(6)省略不同引导限制性定语从句的引导词,在从句中作
16、宾语时,在口语中常可以省略;引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省略。The stick (which/that)Chaplin used to swing in the air is now kept in the museum.卓别林常常在空中挥舞的手杖现在保存在博物馆里了。Having a black hat on,Chaplin carried a stick,which he used to swing in the air.卓别林戴着黑帽子,拿着手杖,这手杖常常在空中挥舞。【随堂小测】.单句语法填空1.It is (acknowledge) that equality and free
17、dom are the principles of justice. 2.When the wheel got (stick) in the mud,he jumped into the swamp to push the cart out with his shoulder. 3. (evaluate) of this new treatment cannot take place until all the data has been collected. 4.He devoted his life to promoting world peace,so he
18、 (award) the Nobel Prize for peace. 5.Liquid (obtain) from the bark of this tree can be used to treat several kinds of diseases. 6.It was built in a year, seems absolutely incredible. 7.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC,influe
19、nced the development of chopsticks. 8.She was taking the food to the refugee camp, she distributed it to children. 9.In their spare time,they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, is on the rooftop of their house. 10.He bought the car for more than $20,000,with his fa
20、ther was angry. 参考答案：(1) acknowledged(2) stuck(3) Evaluation(4) was awarded(5) obtained(6) Which(7) Who(8) Where(9) Which(10) Which .用非限制性定语从句完成句子1.这个纸条是吉姆留的,他刚才来过。The note was left by Jim,. 2.她把我介绍给她的朋友,这人我以前没见过。She introduced me to her friend,. 3.这是乔治,他爸爸是公交司机。This is George,. 4.我有许多朋友,其中有些是画家。I have many friends,. 5.她很喜欢讲法语,而且讲得确实很好。She was very fond of speaking French,. 参考答案:(1) who was here a moment ago(2) whom I hadnt met before(3) whose father is a bus driver(4) some of whom are painters(5) which indeed she spoke well