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1、Unit 4 Body LanguageSection B Learning about Language学习目标1、学会本节单词、短语。2、掌握本节语法重点。重点词汇1. anger n. 愤怒;怒气 vt. 使生气;激怒搭配:in anger 生气地show anger 显示愤怒;生气contain ones anger 抑制某人的怒火hold back ones anger 抑制某人的怒火be filled with anger(=be full of anger)充满怒气to ones anger 使某人生气的是control ones anger 强压怒火anger sb. 激怒某人
2、例:He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated. 他因遭受如此待遇而满腔怒火。2. assessment n. 评价;评定assess vt. 评估;评价assessment of 对的看法/评估assess sb./sth. as sth. 评定为assess sth. at sth. 对估价为3. bend bend vt. & vi.(使)弯曲;倾斜;偏向(bent,bent)bend down/over 弯腰bend ones mind/efforts to sth. 专心致志于某事4. reliable adj. 可
3、靠的;可信赖的a reliable method 可靠的办法a reliable friend 可信赖的朋友information coming from a reliable source 来源可靠的消息There is no doubt that he is a reliable person. 毫无疑问,他是一个可信赖的人。【拓展】rely vi. 依赖;依靠rely on sb. to do sth. 依赖某人做某事rely on it that.(= depend on it that.)相信I rely on him because he is reliable. 我依靠他是因为他
4、很可靠。You may rely on it that she wont change her mind. 你可以放心,她不会改变主意的。5. reveal vt. 揭示;显示;露出The report reveals(that) the company made a loss of 20 million last year. 报告显示,公司去年亏损 2,000 万英镑。It was revealed that important evidence had been hidden. 据透露,重要的证据被隐瞒了。The police could not reveal how he died. 警
5、察们不能透露他的死因。【词语积累】revealing adj. 发人深省的;揭露性的;暴露的语法解析动词-ing形式作宾语和表语1.动词ing形式作宾语(1) 作动词的宾语Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗?I suggest going swimming now. 我建议现在就去游泳。注意:常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆: 避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone)建议完成多练习(advise, finish, practise) 喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, cant help)
6、承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy) 逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind) (2) 作介词的宾语在下面的短语中,常用动词-ing形式作介词的宾语:insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get used to, pay attention to 等。He insisted on doing it in his own way
7、. 他坚持要按照自己的方法做。(3) 在有些动词的后面,如 start, begin, continue 等既可接动词-ing形式也可接不定式作宾语,两者意义区别不大。They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.他们继续工作,似乎什么也没发生过。(4) 有些动词或动词短语后跟动词-ing形式或不定式都可以,但意思不同。接不定式一般表示动作尚未发生,而接动名词则表示动作已经发生。remember/ forget to do. . . 记着忘记要做remember/forget doing. . . 记着忘记做过regret
8、to do. . . 遗憾要做regret doing. . . 后悔做了try to do. . . 努力试图做try doing. . . 试着做mean to do. . . 打算做mean doing. . . 意味着做stop to do. . . 停下来去做(另一件事)stop doing. . . 停止做cant help to do.不能帮着做cant help doing.禁不住做(5)用 it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词-ing 形式(6)介词 in 常可省略的几类句型主语 +have a problem/ trouble/difficulty/ a good/hard
9、time (+in)+doing.主语+spend time(+in)+doing.主语+be busy(+in)+doing.(7)主动形式表被动意义need, require, want 作“需要”讲时,接动词-ing 形式作宾语,相当于不定式的被动形式。主语+want/need/require +doing/ to be done 主语需要被2. 动词 -ing 形式作表语(1) 动名词(短语)作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为,用来说明主语的内容,与主语通常是同一概念,表语和主语常可互换位置。My favourite sport is swimming. (=Swimming is my
10、favourite sport.)我最喜欢的运动是游泳。(2) 现在分词(短语)作表语,表示主语的某种性质和特征,这类分词通常可以看作形容词。The news is quite shocking,这消息很令人震惊。注意:作表语的动词-ing 形式,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有:moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing等。这类词有“令人的”的含义,常修饰物。(3)区别动名词(短语)作表语 表抽象的
11、一般性的动作动词不定式(短语)作表语 表一次具体的动作或将要发生的事练习一、完成句子1尽管我是一个残疾人,但我在生活中总是喜欢帮助别人。While Im a disabled man, I always enjoy_ in my daily life.2李明一直梦想着将来可以开始他自己的生意。Li Ming has always been dreaming of_ in the future.3目前形势令人惊恐。The present situation _4当这个人看完信后,他看着他的朋友。After the man finished_, he looked at his friend.5这
12、个问题正在会上讨论。This question_ at the meeting.6_(finish) her project with distinction, she was invited by the school to speak to the new students. (所给词的适当形式填空)7_(not study) his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. (所给词的适当形式填空)8Actually, it is quite normal for the average person _(live) in a city
13、 to see thousands of ads every single day. (所给词的适当形式填空)二、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面材料,在空白处填写适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式I feel so _9_ (bless) to be alive in such a beautiful and wide place. Nothing can be _10_ (good) than breathing the fresh air and enjoying the adventure of _11_ (hike) over the difficult land to t
14、he other side of the valley.Body language _12_ (vary) from culture to culture. For example, making eye contact is a way to display interest while in other countries, it is not always approved _13_. On the other hand, some gestures seem _14_ (have) the same meaning everywhere. _15_, a good knowledge
15、of body language is a must for better communication._16_ impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfill his dream. He succeed in producing a rice _17_ could feed more people at home and abroad. His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a _18_ (real). Everyone
16、 is waiting to see what he will dream up next.答案以及解析1helping others【详解】考查动名词。对照中英文句意可知,空处需表示“帮助别人”之意,help others帮助别人,enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事,固定搭配,所以空处需用动名词helping作宾语。故填helping others。2starting his own business【详解】考查动名词。开始某人自己的生意短语为start ones own business ,句中设空处前为介词,所以“开始他自己的生意”应为starting his own busin
17、ess,作宾语(dream of doing sth.梦想做某事)。故填starting his own business。3is terrifying【详解】考查动词时态和形容词。根据句意可知,句子陈述的是目前的情况,应用一般现在时,句子为“主系表”结构,主语为可数名词单数形式,故系动词用is,“terrifying”意为“令人惊恐的”,形容词词性,在句中作表语。故填is terrifying。4reading the letter【详解】考查动名词。根据汉语提示,“看信”可译为“read the letter”,分析句子成分可知,所设空处作宾语,该处使用固定搭配“finish (doing
18、) sth.”,动词finish后接宾语时,常跟名词或动名词形式,结合语境,故填reading the letter。5is being discussed【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。对照中英文句意可知,空处需表示“正在讨论”之意,根据汉语提示可知,空处谓语动词需用现在进行时态,因为是被讨论,所以空处谓语动词需用现在进行时态的被动语态:be being done,discuss讨论,动词;主语是单数this question,所以此处be动词需用is。故填is being discussed。6Having finished【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:以优异的成绩完成这个项目,她被学校邀
19、请给新生讲话。finish的逻辑主语为she,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,且在谓语动词之前发生,应使用现在完成时。故Having finished。7Not having studied【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。句意:因为没有努力学习功课,他考试不及格。not study的逻辑主语为he,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,在谓语动词之前发生,否定词放在非谓语动词的前面,句首大写,故填Not having studied。8living【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:实际上,对于一个住在城里的普通人每天见到成千上万的广告是再正常不过的。live的逻辑主语是the average people,与逻辑主语
20、之间是主动关系,用现在分词形式作定语,故填living。9blessed10better11hiking12varies13of14to have15Therefore/Thus16What17that/which18reality【分析】本文是由三段文字构成的语法填空。第一段文字介绍了“我”对所生活地方的感受;第二段文字介绍了身势语;第三段文字介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平。9考查形容词。句意:能生活在这样一个美丽而广阔的地方我感到很幸运。分析句子可知,空格处填形容词形式作feel的表语。故填blessed。10考查形容词比较级。句意:没有什么比呼吸新鲜空气和享受徒步穿越艰难的地段到山谷另一边
21、的冒险更美好的了。根据空后的than可知,应用good的比较级形式。故填better。11考查非谓语动词。句意:没有什么比呼吸新鲜空气和享受徒步穿越艰难的地段到山谷另一边的冒险更美好的了。of是介词,其后接动词作宾语时,应用动词-ing形式。故填hiking。12考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:身势语因文化的差异而有所不同。分析句子可知,vary在句中作谓语;句子陈述的内容表示客观事实,所以谓语动词用一般现在时;主语Body language是第三人称单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式。故填varies。13考查固定搭配。句意:例如,目光接触是表示感兴趣的一种方式,而在其他国家,这并不总是被认可的。b
22、e approved of是固定搭配,表示“赞成,同意,认可”。故填of。14考查非谓语动词。句意:另一方面,有些手势似乎在任何地方都有相同的含义。seem后接动词不定式形式,构成seem to do结构,表示“似乎”。故填to have。15考查副词。句意:因此,熟知身势语知识是更好的沟通所必须的。上一句话和空格后面的句子构成因果关系,且空格后有逗号,所以空格处填表示因果关系的副词。故填Therefore或Thus。16考查主语从句。句意:袁隆平最让人印象深刻的是他不断实现梦想的能力。分析句子可知,空格处引导主语从句,且引导词在句子中做主语,应使用what引导,表示“所的东西”,故填What。17考查定语从句。句意:他成功地生产出了一种可以养活国内外更多的人的大米。分析句子可知,空格处引导限定性定语从句,定语从句的先行词是rice,且关系词在从句中做主语,应用that或which引导。故填that或which。18考查名词。句意:他对海水稻的最新设想也成为了现实。根据不定冠词a可知,空格处填名词单数形式。故填reality。学科网(北京)股份有限公司