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1、1名词名词名词词义辨析1【2014安徽卷】Why not buy a secondhand car first if you dont have enoughmoney for a new one?Thats a good_AsayingBquestionCsuggestionDaccount【答案】C考查名词词义辨析。saying 谚语,格言,名言;question 问题,议题;suggestion建议;account 账目,账户。“Why not do sth?”表示建议做某事。句意:“如果你的钱不够买一辆新车,何不先买辆二手车?”“好建议!”故选 C。2【2014福建卷】Could yo
2、u tell me the_of making such tasty cakes?Well,I just follow the directions in the cookbook.AfeatureBplanCcostDtrick【答案】D考查名词辨析。句意:“你能告诉我制作如此美味蛋糕的窍门吗?”“喔,我只是按照食谱上的说明做的。”feature 特色,特征;plan 计划,方案;cost 费用,代价,成本;trick 窍门,花招,诡计。根据句意可知选择 D 项。3【2014江苏卷】She was put under house arrest two years ago but remain
3、ed a powerful_in last years election.AsymbolBportraitCidentityDstatue【答案】A考查名词词义辨析。句意:虽然 2 年前就已遭软禁,但她在去年的选举中仍然是有影响力的象征。symbol 象征,标志;portrait 肖像,描写;identity 身份,同一性;statue 雕像,塑像。根据语境可知 A 项正确。4【2014天津卷】Wind is now the worlds fastest growing _ of power.A.sourceB.sense C.resultD.root【答案】A考查名词。source 源泉,来
4、源;sense 感觉,仪式;result 结果;root 根源,背景,根。句意:风现在是世界上增长最快的能源。5【2014浙江卷】We most prefer to say yes to the _ of someone we know andlike.AattemptsBrequestsCdoubtsDpromises【答案】B考查名词辨析。句意:对于我们熟悉和喜欢的人提出的要求,我们一般都会同2意的。request 请求,要求;attempt 企图,尝试;doubt 怀疑,疑惑;promise 允诺,承诺。故选 B 项。6【2013 江 西 卷】Whenever I made mistak
5、es,the teacher pointedthem outwith_.AcuriosityBsatisfactionCenvyDpatience【答案】句意为:每当我犯错时,老师都会耐心地把它们指出来。本题考查名词辨析。A.好奇,好奇心;B.满意,满足;C.嫉妒,羡慕;D.耐心,忍耐力。根据语境选 D 项。【答案】D7【2013天津卷】While she was in Paris,she developed a_for fine art.AwayBrelationCtasteDhabit【答案】句意为:在巴黎期间,她培养了对美术的兴趣。本题考查名词辨析。A.方式,方法;B.关系;D.习惯。t
6、aste 作名词时,意为“爱好,嗜好”。【答案】C8【2013浙江卷】As the worlds population continues to grow,the_of foodbecomes more and more of a concern.AworthBsupplyCpackageDlist【答案】句意为:随着世界人口的持续增长,食物的供应越来越成为一个关注的焦点。本题考查名词词义辨析。A.价值;B.供应;C.包;D.清单。【答案】B名词的短语搭配9【2013辽宁卷】The accident caused some_to my car,butits nothingserious.Aha
7、rmBinjuryCruinDdamage【答案】句意为:这场事故给我的车造成了一定的损坏,但问题不严重。考查名词。根据短语搭配 cause some damage to.对造成一定的损坏,选 D 项。harm 伤害,损害,常用于 do harm to 短语中;injury 伤害,常用于对人身体的伤害;ruin 毁灭,破产。【答案】D10【2013江苏卷】With inspiration from other food cultures,American food culturecan take a_for the better.3AshareBchanceCturnDlead【答案】句意为:
8、在其他饮食文化的启发下,美国的饮食文化可能会向更好的方向转变。本题考查名词辨析。take a turn for the better 是习惯用语,意为“好转,变好”。【答案】C11【2012天津卷】You are working too hard.Youd better keep a_between workand relaxation.ApromiseBleadCbalanceDdiary【答案】考查名词辨析。句意为:你工作太劳累了。你最好使工作与休闲保持平衡。keepa balance 保持平衡;keep a promise 遵守诺言;keep a diary 记日记。【答案】C抽象名词具
9、体化12【2012山东卷】Being able to afford_drink would be_comfort in thosetough times.Athe;theBa;aCa;/D/;a【答案】句意为:在那些艰苦的岁月里,能买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人安慰的事。本题考生很容易误选 C 项,认为 comfort“安慰”是不可数名词,其实此处为抽象名词的具体化,a comfort 意为“令人感到安慰的一个人或一件事”;a drink 意为“一杯饮料”,故 B项正确。【答案】B1在作名词词义辨析题时一定要结合语境体会其意义,做到词不离句。2名词短语搭配类题目中要注意名词在形式和意义上的变化。
10、如:短语 make room for 中room 前面没有冠词,且 room 在这个短语中的意义为“空间”而不是“房间”。3判断名词在具体的语境中是表示抽象意义,还是表示具体的人或事,是解决抽象名词具体化的关键所在。一、近几年考查的名词词义辨析的主要形式1形似词的词义辨析【1】symptom 症状 similarity 类似,相似 sample 样本,标本 shadow 影子4【2012湖北高考】It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check forany sign of eye disease that may no
11、t have any symptom.定期去医院检查眼睛,看有没有出现没有任何症状的那些眼病,是重要的。【2】pattern 模式,模板 procedure 程序,手续,步骤 program 节目 perspective 态度,观点【2012湖北高考】The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correctprocedure in applying for a visa.官员坚持说,Michael 在申请签证的时候没有遵循正确的程序。2相似词缀的名词辨析expression 表达,表示,表情 attention 注意,留心 sat
12、isfaction 满意,满足 impression印象【2012山东高考】My first impression of him was that he was a kind and thoughtfulyoung man.我对他的第一印象是他是一个善良且体贴的年轻人。3意义相近词的辨析【1】strength长处 talent才华,天赋 ability能力 skill技能【2012福建高考】Well,you know,English is my strength.So it is my best choice.唉,你是知道的,英语是我的强项,所以这是我最好的选择。【2】anger生气,愤怒 r
13、udeness粗鲁 regret遗憾,后悔 panic恐慌,惊恐【2011湖北高考】“Tommy,run!Be quick!The house is on fire!”the mother shouted,with panic clearly in her voice.“汤米,跑!快跑!房子着火了!”妈妈大声喊道。她的声音里显然带着恐慌。4无一定关联性的名词词义辨析operation 操作,手术 growth 增长 performance 表现,表演 character 性格,特色,角色,人物【2012浙江高考】Your performance as a student will be exc
14、ellent if you developa habit of reflecting on how you learn.作为学生,如果你养成这样的习惯对自己的学习方法进行反思,你的表现将会非常出色。二、名词的固定搭配51动词 have,take,make,pay,play,put,give 等加名词构成的短语have a good reputation有个好名声have an idea of了解have a sense of有意识have a feeling of有感觉have access to可以获得take advantage of利用,趁之机make fun of取笑,嘲弄make t
15、he best of充分利用,妥善处理get relief得到缓解give solution给出解决方案【2010江苏高考】The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never acceptsany gift from his patients,so he has a very good reputation.这位医生在治疗心脏病上技术高超而且从来不收病人任何礼物,因此享有较高声誉。The system has been designed to give students quick and easy access to the d
16、igitalresources of the library.设计这个系统的目的是让学生能够迅速、便捷地使用图书馆的数字资源。2介词后加名词构成的短语in great demand 需求量很大 in quantity 大量,大批 in progress 在进行中 in production在产量方面out of ones reach 手不能及 out of touch 与无联系 out of sight 看不见 beyondrecognition 辨认不出来【2012全国卷】The Harry Potter books are quite popular,they are in great d
17、emandin this city.哈利波特系列图书很受欢迎,在这座城市的需求量很大。【2011四川卷】Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out ofchildrens reach.记住把像刀子之类的危险的东西放在孩子够不着的地方。三、抽象名词具体化1.表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,6常考到的有单词抽象名词具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事attraction 吸引有吸引力的人或事物beauty美;美丽美丽的人或事物comfort
18、安慰;慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴的事failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情Shanghai is a most beautiful city and we are excited that Expo 2010 Shanghai Chinahas been a great success.上海是一个非常美丽的城市,我们非常高兴上海世博会是一个成功的盛事。【2012福建高考】Its a good feeling for people to admire the
19、 Shanghai WorldExpo that gives them pleasure.对于人们来说,欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。What do you think of the manager of your company?Oh,he is a manager whos pleasant to work with.Its a pleasure to work withhim.你认为你公司的经理怎么样?噢,他是一位与其共事非常令人高兴的经理,与他共事是一件愉快的事情。2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词物质名词可数名词物质名词可数名词drink 饮料two drinks 两杯
20、饮料 sugar 糖a sugar一块糖coffee 咖啡 a coffee一杯咖啡paper 纸a paper7一张报纸;一篇论文tea 茶two teas两杯茶hair 头发a hair一根头发【2013山西上学期诊断】I knocked over the tea cup and it fell on the mobile phone.You should never put drinks near a phone.我把茶杯碰倒了,它落在了手机上。你从来都不应该把饮料放到手机附近。1【2014辽宁大连双基测试】Mo Yan,a most widelyread writer,takes a
21、completenew_to describing Chinas rural and folk culture.AwayBapproachCpassageDentry【解析】句意为:莫言的作品被广泛阅读,他采用了全新的方法来描述中国的乡村民俗文化。an approach to 为固定搭配,相当于 a way of,意为“的方法”;passage 指人们行走的“通道,走廊”,不合本句要求;entry 意为“进入,进入权,入口处”,不合本句要求。【答案】B2【2013福建毕业班质检】What does PM 2.5 mean?Its a professional _indicating the c
22、ondition of air pollution.AtermBitemCnumberDmark【解析】句意为:PM 2.5 是什么意思?它是一个表示空气污染状况的专业术语。A.术语;B.项目;C.数字;D.记号。【答案】A3【2014 福 建 名 校 质 量 检 查】Ihopethegovernmentwilltakemorestrict_against the smog that affected several big cities last winter.AattitudesBmeasuresCschedulesDprocedures【解析】考查名词辨析。句意为:我希望政府能针对去年冬
23、天影响了几个大城市的烟雾采取更严厉的措施。measure 措施,符合句意。【答案】B84【2014山东省胶东示范学校模拟】The boy promised to his teacher,“As to the lessonsto be missed during my_,Ill try to make them up as soon as I get back fromleave.”AstudyBabsenceCattendanceDappearance【解析】考查名词辨析。句意为:这个男孩向老师保证:“请假期间落下的课,回来之后我会尽快补上。”absence 缺席,不在,符合句意。study 学习;attendance 出席,到场;appearance 公开露面。【答案】B5【2013江西南昌两校高三上学期第四次联考】I always feel like Im outof_.Im not surprised.Youd better try to lose some weight.AbreathBsightCreachDpractice【解析】考查名词辨析。根据答语语意“我一点儿也不奇怪。你应该试着减肥。”可知,应选 A 项。out of breath 上气不接下气,符合语境。【答案】A