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1、ContentsChinese Abstract0English Abstract11. Introduction21.1 Research Background and Significance21.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad21.3 Overview of this Thesis62. Marys Personality Analysis72.1 Marys Personality Changes72.2 The Reason for the Change in Marys Character93. Inspiration of The Sec
2、ret Garden to Childrens Character Building113.1 Childrens Character Building113.2 Influence of Family Education on Childrens Character Building124. Strategies to Help Children Build Character134.1 Creating a Good Environment and Cultivate Good Habits134.2 Encouraging Children to Explore Nature134.3
3、Improving the Quality of Family Education145 Conclusion14References014秘密花园女主人公玛丽人物性格浅析 摘 要弗朗西斯霍奇森班内特的秘密花园被誉为二十世纪最受欢迎、最有影响力的儿童文学经典之作。这部作品被收入牛津世界经典丛书。本书自1911年出版以来，多位学者从不同角度分析此作，比如儿童教育、美学角度、原型理论、女性主义、生态主义等等。本文从儿童文学分析角度，对秘密花园这部小说进行了解读。通过对小说主人公玛丽的性格分析，揭示儿童性格养成的影响因素。在小说中，玛丽的性格发生了明显的转变：从早期的专横自私，到成长了以后的温柔体贴
4、和果敢独立。在对玛丽的性格进行了分析以后，又进一步寻求了玛丽的性格发生转变的原因，主要是环境引导和家庭教育的影响。在此基础上，本文探析了秘密花园对于儿童性格塑造的启发。在上述研究基础上，本文针对如何更好地进行儿童性格塑造提出了针对性的建议，主要有：创设良好环境，培养良好习惯；鼓励求知探索，培养勇敢性格；优化家庭教育，培养健全人格。关键词：秘密花园；儿童性格；家庭教育；性格养成A Brief Analysis of the Character of Mary, The Heroine of The Secret GardenAbstractFrances Hodgson Burnetts The
5、 Secret Garden has been hailed as one of the most popular and influential childrens literary classics of the 20th century. The work is included in The Oxford World Classics Series. Since its publication in 1911, the book has been analyzed by scholars from different perspectives, such as childrens ed
6、ucation, aesthetics, prototype theory, feminism, ecologic and so on.The Secret Garden is analyzed in this paper from the perspective of childrens literature. Through the analysis of the character of Mary, the author reveals the influencing factors of childrens character development. In the novel, Ma
7、rys character has undergone a remarkable transformation: from the domineering selfishness of her early years to the tenderness and assertive independence of her adult life. After the analysis of Marys character, the author further sought the reason for the change of Marys character, mainly the influ
8、ence of environmental guidance and family education. On this basis, this paper explores the inspiration of The Secret Garden for childrens character building. On the basis of the above research, this paper puts forward specific suggestions on how to shape childrens character better, mainly including
9、: create a good environment and cultivate good habits, encourage children to explore nature and improve the quality of family education.Key words: The Secret Garden; child character; family education; character cultivation1. Introduction 1.1 Research Background and SignificanceThe Secret Garden is a
10、 childrens literary work created by Frances Hodgson Burnett. It is one of the best-selling classic childrens novels in the past 100 years. Einstein once pointed out that “a good character will be more important than wisdom and erudition. Intellectual achievement depends to a great extent on the grea
11、tness of character, often more than is commonly realized.” It can be seen that character has a great effect on ones life and career, and should be cultivated and shaped as early as possible. Good character in the course of a persons career success, is like the steel in the concrete column, and knowl
12、edge and learning is poured concrete. Without the support of steel bars and iron bones, no amount of concrete can build high-rise buildings. It is safe to say, therefore, that the most important condition for the accomplishment of life is a good character.The Secret Garden has always been popular be
13、cause of its appealing story-line, ingenious design and elegant writing style, as well as its enlightening role in shaping childrens character, which has also made this work enduring. Mary, the heroine of The Secret Garden, is taken as the object of analysis in this paper to explore the reasons for
14、the transformation of Marys character, in the hope of providing some suggestions for the shaping of childrens character and enriching relevant research results.1.2 Research Status at Home and AbroadThe Secret Garden is researched on CNKI and there are 127 results. The topic distribution of relevant
15、literature is shown in figure 1 (the five topics with the highest occurrence frequency are selected).Figure 1 Distribution of Literature Themes on CNKI with The Secret Garden as the Key Word (TOP 5)As can be seen from figure 1, domestic researches on the secret garden mainly focus on the study of it
16、s translation, as well as the interpretation and research of the feminist views shown in the book. Based on the retrieval results of related literature and the research topic of this paper, the following three aspects of the research status at home and abroad.1.2.1 Evaluation of The Secret GardenThe
17、 Secret Garden is considered one of landmarks in the development of books for Children. Its popularity has remained undiminished over three generations, Marghanita Laski, an English and novelist, calls it “the most satisfying children book I know.” It represents the accomplishment in the educational
18、 function of childrens literature and the achievement of the art of novel writing by female authors in the first half of the twentieth century. Burnett combines suspenseful plot, life likeness of characterization and profound themes, with simple language in a graceful style into The Secret Garden, w
19、hich widely attracts lots of scholars and critics to do research on it from various perspectives of childrens education, feminism, class and gender, modernism, genre convention, Christian science, etc.John Rowe Townsend, a British children author, in his best-known academic work Written for Children
20、: An Outline of English Language Childrens Literature, remarks the The Secret Garden:There is something about The Secret Garden that has a powerful effect on childrens imaginations: something to do with their longing for real, important, adult-level achievement. Self-reliance and cooperation in maki
21、ng something are virtues that Mary and Colin painfully attain (Townsend, 1974: 289).Phyllis Bixler, an American writer and scholar, in his academic work The Secret Garden: The Nature s Magic, notes that Four Quarters by T.S. Eliot and Lady Chatterleys Lover by D.H. Lawrence are heavily influenced by
22、 The Secret Garden. Moreover, Bixler argues that Burnett adapted themes and forms from fairy tales and moral tales about exemplary children to create a compelling story (Bixler, 1996: 75).Linda T. Parson, in her article Otherways into the Garden: Re- Visioning the Feminine The Secret Garden, reveals
23、 the positive ways women subvert the hegemony of patriarchal society and the celebration of the divine feminine with the garden (Parson, 2002: 251).Vivian Burnett (1927: 128), in the biography of Burnett, The Romantic Lady, Frances Hodgson Burnett: The Life Story of an Imagination, points that the g
24、arden is a symbol of the human-mind, and Burnetts consciousness of Christian Science about the interrelationship between body and mind (Vivian, 1927:128).The Secret Garden, however, receives criticism as well as acclaim. Gunther argues that it stereotypes female roles, positions women as subservient
25、 and subjugated to men and Colin remains trapped in the same kind of male self-absorption that characterizes his father. (1994: 159) Compared to tremendous researches and articles about the book and its author, The Secret Garden has little popularity with Chinese readers, so there are only a very fe
26、w relevant articles and masters theses, not to mention the monograph on Burnett and her works. The following master theses discuss and explore The Secret Garden from different perspectives respectively:Xie Guangping concludes that “the value of the book lies in the revelation of there reciprocal rel
27、ationship between man and nature and even among men themselves.” Under an abominable environment, and isolated from nature, a persons mental and physical conditions can be heavily distorted. The power of nature and affection of people can heal n hlgl rblm nd lvt n mnd (谢广平, 2004).Zou Quan adopts the
28、 feminist theory to prove that the protagonist Mary subverted the stereotyped gender roles of women, and confirms that Mary is an indeed potentially subversive girl in the patriarchal environment (邹泉, 2006).Su Fang makes a detailed study of the protagonist Mary from a different angle, mainly using V
29、irginia Woolfs feminism to demonstrate that Mary is the embodiment of Burnett and the garden represents the Burnetts spiritual world, a source of creation (张颖 & 苏芳, 2007).1.2.2 The Study of Character Formation in ChildrenPeoples character is not born. It develops with the life and is influenced by t
30、he environment. After the long-term researches, psychologists believe that, childhood is the golden age of character growth, when all kinds of habits and behavior patterns lay the foundation. If childrens character is ignored at this time, it is difficult or even impossible to hope that children wil
31、l have a sound personality and healthy psychology after childhood. The formative period of character is from the birth of a baby to about 11 years old, which is what we call childhood. Experiments have shown that infants begin to accept the influence of their surroundings after birth, forming certai
32、n attitudes and habitual behaviors. Before the age of three is the beginning of character, self-awareness and moral awareness. From 3 to 5 years old, it is the embryonic form of character formation: from 6 to 11 years old, it is the initial formation of character, self-control, moral values and beha
33、vioral habits are gradually developed, but this period of character is very unstable, vulnerable to environmental influences. Freud paid special attention to the meaning of childhood, believing that a persons character is basically set by the age of seven or eight. In China, there is also a saying t
34、hat someones future development depends on someones character as a child, but this view exaggerates the role of childhood. The research of Chinese psychologists shows that, although the early experience plays an important role in the formation of personality, its final formation will come into being
35、 in youth and even adulthood, and it is formed gradually from quantitative change to qualitative change and from instability to stability.Character, once formed, is quite stable, but not constant, but subject to certain changes in circumstances or physical conditions.Liu Ming and Wang Shunxing and o
36、ther scholars study the age development trend of Chinese children and adolescents personality characteristics. They used questionnaires to measure the emotional, volitional and intellectual characteristics of a total of 2, 127 subjects(urban and rural ratio, male to female ratio roughly 1:1). Among
37、the three personality characteristics, four major personality factors are identified. This research shows that the level of character development of Chinese children and adolescents gradually increases with the growth of age. It shows a development trend from a low level to a high one. However, the
38、development rate is unbalanced and uneven. The development rate from Grade 2 to Grade 4 in primary school is slow, while that from Grade 4 to Grade 6 is fast. The development rate from Grade 6 to Grade 2 in primary school is especially slow and even relatively stagnant. The research also shows that
39、the development trend of various aspects of personality characteristics is different.(刘明 & 王顺兴, 1990: 396, 400, 409)In the process of character formation, environment plays an important role, and childrens character is born on the basis of the material environment and spiritual environment in which
40、children live. In the past, people often paid too much attention to childrens material living environment, but ignored the spiritual living environment, that is, the role of culture.1.2.3 The Study of Family Education on Childrens Character FormationThe family is called the factory that creates the
41、human character. Freud suggested that personality is actually formed in the first five years of life. According to Kovalev, a former Soviet psychologist, personality formation can be divided into two stages: The first stage is the early school age, during which peoples character is a stage of develo
42、pment restricted by the situation. Childrens behavior is directly subject to the specific life and directly reflects the impact of the external environment. Children have not formed a stable attitude yet and their behavior is easier to be improved. The second stage is the early and middle stages of
43、school age. Childrens stable behavior habits are forming, and their character has been difficult to change; The third stage is when a persons behavior is conditioned by his heart and habits have been formed, which makes the transformation of his character more difficult. From the above psychological
44、 theories, it can be seen that preschool childrens character cultivation plays a decisive role in shaping their personality throughout their life, and the proper parenting style is directly related to the formation of childrens good character, psychological research on this aspect is also more.Psych
45、ologist James Baldwin has studied the relationship between parenting attitudes and childrens personality traits (Table1).Table 1 The Influence of a Mothers Attitude on a Childs Character Traits Mothers AttitudeChilds Character TraitsDominantPassive, lacking initiative, dependent, or submissivePrefer
46、entialChildish, timid, neurotic, passiveIndulgedWillful, childish, neurotic, gentleTurn downDont care Defiant, aloof, conceitedAggressive, emotionally unstable, cold, selfishAuthoritarianResistant, emotionally unstable, dependent, submissiveDemocraticCooperative, independent, docile, socialXu Zhengy
47、uan, a psychologist in China, cooperates with ten regions in China to investigate the relationship between the parenting style and childrens personality characteristics of 225 children aged 3-6 years. The volume is divided into two types: one is the childrens personality characteristics questionnair
48、e, and the other is the family education questionnaire. The results show that there is a significant correlation between the total average scores of education. In addition, it can also be seen that several types of parenting styles of authority, the acquisition of authority, the cultivation of independence, respect for children, and the demand for consistency are highly correlated with the personality of all surveys.1.3 Overview of this ThesisThe Secret Garden is a masterpiece of childrens literature by Francis Hodgson Burnett, a famous America