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1、a clever boy a handsome man an interesting film,Observe the phrases carefully:,定语：,用于修饰名词和代词，通常由形容词充当。,1. 我 喜欢 红色的 车。 2. 我 喜欢 妈妈买给我的 车。,宾语,Observe the sentences carefully:,(定语从句),主语,谓语,定语,I like red cars.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,I like the car that mom bought for me.,Module 5Grammar,The Attributive Clause定语从句,1
2、. To review common knowledge on the Attributive Clauses.2. To develop the ability to use the Attributive Clauses.,Teaching Aims,1.定义：,2.先行词：,3.分类,4.关系词,定语从句,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,(1)关系代词(2)关系副词(3)介词which/whom,5.关系词的用法,1.定义：,在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句， 起定语作用， 相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句,2.先行词：,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。,定语从句,限制性定语从句：非限制
3、性定语从句：,3.定语从句的分类：,用逗号与先行词或主句隔开。,通常位于先行词后，无逗号隔开。,4.引导定语从句的关系词：,(1)关系代词(2)关系副词(3)介词which/whom,“的”,“,这”,一、关系代词引导限制性定语从句: “.的.”1.普通代词与关系代词的区别:I have a sister. She works in Shanghai. 代替 sister普通代词:I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.关系代词: (如上例who/that ),(1).代替先行词;,关系代词 身兼数职,只起代替的作用(如上例she),(2).它还在
4、定语从句中担任一定的成分;,(3). 用作连词:把主句和从句连起来.,The building is our school. 定语从句,The building is our school. The building lies on Minshan Road.,关系代词取决于先行词，一般情况下位于先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。,which/that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building, 同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把主从句连接起来。,which/that lies on Minshan Road,先行词,关系代词,1.A plane is a m
5、achine. The machine can fly.a. A plane is a machine_the machine can fly. (并列句)b. A plane is a machine_can fly. (定语从句),and,that /which,2. Join the following sentences:,作主语,2.The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.a.The girl is Mary_we saw her yesterday. (并列句)b.The girl _we saw yesterday is Mary.,that
6、/who/whom,Join the following sentences:,and,(定语从句),作宾语,3. He has a friend whose father is a lawyer.,3.找出先行词、主句、定语从句、关系代词所作成分：,1.The boys who/that are playing football are from Class One.,2.The man that/who/whom I talked to is Mr. Li.,(定语从句),(定语从句),(主语),(宾语),(定语),(定语从句),4. This is the film that/which
7、 I saw yesterday.,(定语从句),(宾语),4. 定语从句解题思路(4步法)：,找主、从句；找先行词（指人还是物）,一找,二带,三判,四选,把先行词带入定语从句,判断关系词代替先行词在从句中所作成分,根据所做成分选择关系词,who, that,which, that,(who,whom,that),(which, that),whose + n,whose + n,as (主、宾、表),_.,_.,be+ adjhelpcome from,雷锋是一位善良的士兵。,_.,Lei Feng was a soldier,雷锋是一位乐于助人的士兵。,雷锋是一位来自贫苦家庭的士兵。,wh
8、o was very kind,who always helped others,who came from a poor family,5.Make more sentences by using the attributive clause.,_,_,_,eat-by SnowWhite give-by the witchred,The apple,is poisonous.,which was eaten by Snow White,whose color is red,is poisonous.,which was given by the witch,is poisonous.,白雪
9、公主吃的苹果有毒。,红色的苹果有毒。,女巫给的苹果有毒。,I like the house _ door is blue.I have a friend _ sister is a doctor.,whose,whose + n 作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。,whose,Decribe a student, a teacher or a famous person by using the attributive clause and well guess who she/he is. She/He is a student/a girl/ a boy/ a teacher /a man/
10、a woman who/whom/that.,A Guessing Game,(3)Mozi was another teacher_was very influential.,(2)The Science Museum_we visited is famous.,(1) she sold her car_ she bought a month ago.,which/that,who/that,which/that,(4)His dream is to go to a university _ is close to his high school.(5)This is the person
11、_ you are looking for.(6)The building _ color is grey is our school.(7)The girl _ you work with is my friend.,which/that,6.用关系代词填空：,who/ whomthat,whose,who/ whom that,Dont fogrget all that once you owned.曾经拥有的，不要忘记。Treasure something that you get.珍惜所拥有的。Dont give up anything that belongs to you.属于自己
12、的，不要放弃。Keep everything that is lost in memory.已经失去的，留作回忆。,Read these sentences：,(1)指物时: 6点(见书P105):All that can be done has been done.2) This is the very book that I like to read.3) He is the best person that I have ever seen.4) Who is the person that standing there? 5) Do you know the persons and t
13、hings that they are talking about?,6)ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.,7.关系代词的辨析：,There be 句型中用that。,which VS that,(2)指人时: who, whom VS that : 1)常用who:eg. Those who want to go come here. He is the one who comes from China.2) 常用that:eg. He is the best person that I have ever met. She is the only
14、 girl that comes from China.,7.关系代词的辨析：,先行词是 “those, one(s), someone等指人的不定代词”时。,先行词有形容词最高级或only修饰时。,1) He has the same book as you have.2) Such a person as you describe doesnt exist.,8. as 引导限制性定语从句：常用于 “the same.as.; such.as.”结构中。,1.定义：,2.先行词：,3.分类,4.关系词,定语从句,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,(1)关系代词(2)关系副词(3)介词whi
15、ch/whom,5.关系词的用法,4. 定语从句解题思路(4步法)：,找主、从句；找先行词（指人还是物）,一找,二带,三判,四选,把先行词带入定语从句,判断关系词代替先行词在从句中所作成分,根据所做成分选择关系词,who, that,which, that,(who,whom,that),(which, that),whose + n,whose + n,as (主、宾、表),1. Where were you born? I was born in Deyang.2.When did you born?I was born in May.3. Why do you work hard ?Be
16、cause I work hard for the university.,Answer these questions:,二、关系副词引导限制性定语从句,when=,where=,why=,reason,for which,介+whichin/on/at.,(that/in which),the way,方式状语,原因状语,地点状语,时间状语,地点n,时间n,介+whichin/on/at/during.,1. 用when, where, why 填空：,1) I will never forget the days _ we studied together.2) This is the
17、hotel _ we stayed last year.3) Can you tell me the reason _he didnt come? 4) I dont like the way _ he speaks to me.,when,during which,where,why,at which,for which,(that/in which),This is the place _ the accident happened. This is the place _ is very famous. The reason _ she told me is untrue. The re
18、ason _ he didnt come is unknown. We often talk about the time_ we were students.Ill never forget the time _ we spent together.,方法：关系代词在从句中做主语或宾语 关系副词在从句中做状语(需加介词),2.关系代词 VS关系副词：,where,which/that,which/that,why,when,which/that,in which,for which,during which,三、介词+ which/whom 引导定语从句：1.定语从句中的介词可提至关系代词前
19、。介词的选择:1) Do you know the man whom Mr.Lee talked to just now? Do you know the man to whom Mr.Lee talked just now?2)We cant find the house _ which we used to live.3) He bought a computer, _ which he could chat with friends.,in,through,与先行词或与从句中动词的搭配.,1. This is the car _which I bought last year. 2. T
20、his is the car _which I paid 100$.3. This is the car _which I spent 100$.4. This is the car _which I go to work every day.5. This is the car _ which I cant go to work.,/,for,on,by,without,More practice:,6. He is the old man whom you will take care of.注意:固定短语的介词不能提前。,2. whose+n 与 n+of which/whom表所属关系
21、的转换：,I like the house _ door is blue.I like the house, the door _ is blue.I have a friend _ sister is a doctor.I have a friend, the sister _ is a doctor.,whose,of which,of which the door,whose,of whom,of whom the sister,五、非限制性定语从句 (1)Yesterday she sold her car which she bought a month ago. (2)Yester
22、day she sold her car, which she bought a month ago.,非限制性定语从句,特点：1.非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开, 。可译为“.,这.” 或 两个并列句。 2. 关系词：关系代词和关系副词(that除外).,限制性定语从句,This is the house (which/ that )we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。2. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的。,More examples,限制
23、性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,3.I will show you some pictures, which were taken 10 years ago.4.They came to an island, where they had a good time.5. Sunday is a holiday, when people do not go to work.6 .Who is the boy, whose father is anengineer?,1.关系词不可省略;that不能引导非限制性定语从句。,注意以下几点:,2. as 和which 指代整个句子的区别: 1) as 从句
24、位于句首, 句中或句尾, 表示“正如”;“像一样”。常见于固定结构:as is known to all 众所周知as we all knowas is said/expected/hoped (被动)as sb said/expected/hoped (主动)as you can see as is often the case 常有的事/如往常一样,eg. As we all know, smoking is a bad habit. It is known to all that smoking is a bad habit. He passed the exam, as we expe
25、cted. 2) which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句后。“这.” He is late again, which made our teacher very angry.The earth is round,_ is known to all.It is going to rain, in which case,we cant play football. ( “如果这样/那样的话” ),which/as,Practice,Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.2. The weather t
26、urned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. 3. _ is expected, the England team won the football match.,As,which,which,4. It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.5. _ we can see, the smoke came from the little dustbin.,which,As,3. 数词/代词+of which/whom引导非限制性定语从句.
27、 1). He has 3 sons, two of _are doctors. 2). He has 3 sons, _ two of them are doctors. 3). The children, all of _had played the whole day, were tired. 4). The children were tired, _ all of them had played the whole day.,whom,whom,and,and,2、4 并列句,1、3定语从句,1. Many students in this school, some of which
28、 are not overweight, are going on diets.2. There are 54 students in my class and ten of whom come from US.,whom,Correction:,them,3. I have many friends in this town, some of which are businessman. 4. I am doing different types of exercises, all of them are quite helpful to my health.,which,whom,或 al
29、l 前加and,1. The famous basketball star, _ comes from America, will visit our school soon.2. In those days, she used to visit Jane, with _ she had a wonderful time.3. I bought a car yesterday, _ cost me a lot.,which,whom,who,Practice,4. Xian, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city.5. He will come t
30、o see me next July, _ he wont be so busy.6. The school, _ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.,which,where,when,7. _ we all know, China is a country with long history. 8. She has three daughters, all of _work as teachers. 9.Itisthisstreet_Ihappenedtomeethim.Itsinthisstreet_Ihappenedtomeet him
31、.,As,whom,where,that,(强调句),四、定语从句 VS 强调句1.It is the factory _ he worked last year.2.It is in the factory _ I met him.3.It is in the classroom _ we study _ I find the key.,where,where,that,that,定语从句,五、定语从句的简化,1.省略关系代词（做宾语时）eg. The man (who/whom/that) I saw is a scientist.2.转化为非谓语动词1)转化为现在分词短语( doing
32、being done 表示进行),被动,eg. Do you know the boy who is playing basketball? Do you know the boy playing basketball?Can you see the building which is being built?Can you see the building being built?,2)转化为过去分词短语(done, 表被动, 完成)eg. I like the meal which is cooked by mom. I like the meal cooked by mom.People
33、 who were questioned said they didnt like fast food.People questioned said they didnt like fast food.,3) 转化为不定式(to do to be done 将来)eg. The houses which will be built are for the people in disaster area. The houses to be built are for people in disaster area.,被动,1)_ we had expected, they won the mat
34、ch.2)They won the match, _ we hadnt expected.3)_ is known to all, Einstein is a great scientist.4) I seldom give kids such a difficult job _ they cant do actively.,As,which,As,as,I will never forget the days _ we studied together.2. This is the hotel _ we stayed last year.3. Can you tell me the reas
35、on _he didnt come? 二. 关系副词: 在从句中做状语，不可省略when:时间状语where:地点状语why:原因状语 常位于reason 后,why,where,when,= 介词+which,= for which,during which,at which,for which,三. 关系代词 VS关系副词1. This is the place _ the accident happened. A. when B. which C. that D. where2. This is the place _ we are going to visit. A. which B.
36、 where C. in which D. what3. The reason _ she gave me is unbelievable. A. why B. which C. when D. who4. The reason _ he didnt come is unknown. A. which B. when C. why D. that,关系代词在从句中做主语或宾语关系副词在从句中做状语(需加介词),四. 1.介词+ which/whom 引导定语从句：Do you know the man _ Mr.Lee talked just now?We cant find the hous
37、e _we used to live.He bought a computer, _ he could chat with friends.介词的确定 2. 与从句中动词的搭配,with/to whom,in which/where,through which,1.与先行词的搭配,2. 数词/代词+of which/whom 表所属关系： 1). He has 3 sons, _ are doctors. 2). He has 3 sons, _ two of them are doctors. 3). The children, _had played the whole day, were
38、 tired. 4). The children were tired, and _ had played the whole day.,two of whom,all of whom,and,all of them,2、4 并列句,1、3定语从句,五、定语从句的特殊情况：当先行词是case, condition , situation, position , point , stage等, 并在从句中做状语时, 则用关系副词where引导。 The voice of China has set up a stage where some people can achieve their dr
39、eams.2. 当先行词是way 意为 “方式、方法”时，且在从句中做状语时，则用 in which、that、省略( 3选1). I dont like the way ( that/in which) he speaks.,3. in which case “如果那样/这样的话” She may have missed the train, in which case she wont arrive on time. He may win the competition, in which case he is likely to get into the national team.4.
40、定语从句 VS 强调句It is the factory _ he worked last year.It is in the factory _ I met him.It is in the classroom _ we study _ I find the key.,where,where,that,that,定语从句,5. _ is known to us, the earth is round. _ we all know, the earth is round. _ is known to all that the earth goes around the sun.,It,As,A
41、s,More practice:Yesterday she sold the car, _ she bought a month ago. A. when B. where C. that D. which2. The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist Attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. as 3. All the neighbors admire this family _ the parents are
42、treating kids like friends. A. why B. where C. which D. that,4. He talked about the people and things _ he saw in Africa. A. which B. who C. where D. that5. Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth. A. who B. when C. which D. where6. Until now,
43、 we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected. A. that B. who C. which D. it,7. I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. A. as B. why C. when D. where8. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from
44、 the outside world. A. which B. when C. where D. whom9. The house _ I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. that B. in which C. which D. in it10. If knowledge is power, _ Becon wrote in 1579, perhaps creativity can be described as the ability to use that power. A. which
45、B. as C. that D. where,1.She is the girl_ I saw yesterday.2. He is the boy _ parents are lawyers.3. Mo Yan is the only Chinese _ won the Nobel Prize for literature.4. He likes playing computer games, _ makes his parents angry.5. _ is known to us, Einstein is a great scientist.,(who/whom),whose,who/that,which,As,