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1、核心素养测评十 Unit 1Advertising. 阅读理解AI experienced more than I was able to handle as a child. My father was an alcoholic, which resulted in an absolute mess in our family including physical abuse in my parents marriage. I was five years old when my parents divorced. My mother worked day and night to supp
2、ort the family. This left me with a lot of time by myself. I never received any encouragement to try out for sports or after school activities. Because of this, I never really thought that I could do it. I think that without a parents support and encouragement its hard for a teen to set up structure
3、 for themselves. Had I experienced the love of my parents, I would have been able to learn how to build confidence, friendships, team work and good decision-making skills. But that was not my reality. Reality was that I fell in with the wrong crowd. I made some bad choices with friends. As I met mor
4、e people who partied, took drugs and alcohol, I began to follow them. Before I knew it, all I cared about was how I was going to get high. The drugs were finally filling the void(空虚) that my parents left. My mom was angry and let me know how much I was letting her down but I didnt know how to stop a
5、nd I couldnt picture my life without the drugs. I became mean to protect my using drugs at any cost. I was angry at her because it seemed as if I was not important to her. The one thing about my mom was that she did not give up. I not only needed treatment to fight my addiction, but needed help to r
6、emove what I had been carrying around for years. Professionals were able to help us heal together. They were able to help my mom learn how to push me when I needed it, and communicate with an angry teenager. We didnt take the route that most mothers and daughters take in life, but we are proof that
7、addiction doesnt have to tear a family apart forever. 【文章大意】本文属于记叙文。主要讲述的是一个毒瘾少年的心声。1. Why did parents divorce have an effect on the author? A. Because he developed the bad habit of playing. B. Because he lost his self-confidence in many ways. C. Because he never had belief in parents and friends. D
8、. Because he couldnt get on well with his classmates. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段的描述可知, 作者由于父母的离婚, 对他打击很大。从最后一句可知, 他失去了自信, 故选B。2. If the authors parents had a good marriage, what would he do all except? A. He would have more good friends. B. He would do well in making good decisions. C. He would develop exce
9、llent teamwork spirits. D. He would have the ability to become a good athlete. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。作者在第一段最后一句假设的情况下谈到. . . build confidence, friendships, team work and good decision-making skills. 可判断, 其目的是要告诉人们, 如果自己的父母婚姻幸福, 又爱自己, 那么自己就可以做到有自信心, 有友谊, 能团队合作及好的决策技能, 故应选D。3. Why did the author start taking d
10、rugs? A. Because he was tired of this boring life. B. Because he wanted to create a new life. C. Because his parents never showed love to him. D. Because he made some friends with bad habits. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段的描述可知, 作者由于择友不当, 导致了吸毒, 故选D。4. What did the author do for fighting his addiction? A. He sh
11、owed respect to his mother. B. He accepted advice from professionals. C. He couldnt tear himself away from drugs. D. He argued strongly with the professionals. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段的最后三句的描述可知, 作者应该是接受这些专业人士的建议去戒毒, 故选B。B(2020年山东新高考模拟)Why go to Madrid? There may be a slight chill(寒冷) in the air, with tem
12、peratures staying around 15 in March, but Spains handsome capital is slowly starting to warm up. Even more attractive are the cultural events. A new exhibition on the living and working spaces of Spains greatest artist, Picasso, has just opened in the studio at the Fundacion Mapfre at Paseo de Recol
13、etos 23. It runs until 11 May with rarely seen pieces borrowed from his family. Later this summer, the 400th anniversary of the death of the Renaissance(文艺复兴) painter EI Greco will be marked with an exciting exhibition at the Museo del Prado at Paseodel Prado from 24 June to 5 October. How to go? Th
14、e widest range of flights is offered by EasyJetfrom Bristol, Edinburgh, Gatwick, Liverpool and Luton. British Airways and its sister airline Iberia combine forces from Heathrow and London City. Ryanair flies from Manchester and Stansted; Air Europa flies from Gatwick. Barajas airport is 13km north-e
15、ast of the city centre and is served by frequent trains on Metro line 8, but the shortest underground journey is a bit complex with at least one change at Nuevos Ministerios station and takes about 30 minutes. The fare to any station in the city centre is 4. 50. The airport express bus runs every 15
16、 to 35 minutes around the clock; 5 one way. It takes 40 minutes to reach the city centre. A taxi takes half the time. A flat rate of 30 covers most of central Madrid. 【文章大意】本文是应用文。介绍了西班牙首都马德里的旅游信息。5. When will the exhibition about Picasso close? A. On 23 March. B. On 11 May. C. On 24 June. D. On 5 O
17、ctober. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“It runs until 11 May with rarely seen pieces borrowed from his family”可知, 展览会将持续到5月11日。故选B。6. Which airline operates flights from Manchester to Madrid? A. EasyJet. B. Ryanair. C. Air Europa. D. British Airways. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Ryanair flies from Manchester and S
18、tansted”可知, 航空公司Ryanair的航班从曼彻斯特和斯坦斯特德起飞。故选B。7. What is the fastest way to reach central Madrid from Barajas airport? A. Take a taxi. B. Take a city bus. C. Take Metro Line 8. D. Take the airport express bus. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“A taxi takes half the time. ”可知, 乘出租车只花一半的时间, 时间最短。故选A。. 阅读填句世纪金榜导学号
19、1 When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture. For example, someone might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery(彩票). It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in
20、 for one hundred dollars! ”2 Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. Hes really a big loser! He didnt say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. Thats called a half-truth. 3Some politicians often use this
21、 trick. Lets say that during Governor Smiths last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. 4 One of her opponents says, “During Governor Smiths term, the state lost one million jobs! ” Thats true. However, an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smiths term,
22、 the state had a net gain of two million jobs. ”Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. 5 An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache. ” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky
23、Company. This kind of deception happens too of often. Its a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well. A. This guys a winner, right? B. Then she seeks another term. C. Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive? D. Half-truths are not technically lies, but the
24、y are just dishonest. E. Half-truths are aimed at economic and social science academics. F. Its against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with truth. G. When it comes to advertisements, we must all use our intelligence and not be a slave to them! 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文, 论述了很多表述的内容是
25、正确的, 但是省略了重要的事实, 就成了谎言。1. 【解析】选C。根据下文When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture. 可知, 当有人告诉你的某件事是真的, 但遗漏了重要的信息时, 他会给你一个错误的印象。故C项Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive? (你知道有谁用事实来欺骗吗? )切题。2.
26、【解析】选A。根据下文Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. 可知, A项This guys a winner, right? (这个人是赢家, 对吧? )切题。关键词winner。3. 【解析】选D。根据上文He didnt say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. Thats called a half-truth.
27、可知, 他没有说任何虚假的东西, 但他故意漏掉了重要的信息。这就叫做半事实。故D项Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just dishonest. (半真半假并不是技术上的谎言, 但它们只是不诚实。)切题。关键词Half-truths。4. 【解析】选B。根据上文Lets say that during Governor Smiths last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. (假设在史密斯州长的最后一届任期内, 这个州失
28、去了100万个工作岗位, 并获得了300万个工作岗位。)及下文One of her opponents says, “During Governor Smiths term, the state lost one million jobs! ” Thats true. (她的一个反对者说: “在史密斯州长任期内, 这个州失去了100万个工作岗位! ”这是真的。)可知, B项Then she seeks another term. (然后她又找了另一个任期。)切题。5. 【解析】选F。根据上文Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. (广告商有时会使
29、用半真半假。)及下文An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache. ”(一则广告可能会说: “十分之九的医生建议他们的病人服用Yucky Pills来治疗牙痛。”)可知。F项Its against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with truth. (做虚假陈述是违法的, 所以他们试图用事实来误导你。)切题。【知识拓展】佳词
30、积累1. leave out遗漏, 省略2. on purpose故意地3. opponentn. 对手, 竞争者, 反对者4. net gain净增益, 净增加5. deceptionn. 欺骗, 蒙骗. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Whether theyre playing on TV screens or printed in newspapers, adverts are everywhere. Actually, it is quite normal for the average person 1. (live) in a city
31、to see thousands of ads every single day. However, ads are not just a tool for getting people to buy things; they also serve 2. a window into cultures, societies and history. Modern adverts began to appear in 3. 18th and 19th centuries, since advances in printing techniques allowed more detailed ima
32、ges 4. (produce) in newspapers and magazines. Looking at some of these early ads 5. (be) like taking a step back in time to another world. For example, an 1881 advert for French cigarettes 6. (promise) that its product would “give immediate relief” to a list of medical conditions, including breathin
33、g problems. And a 1955 US ad advised mothers to mix the sugary soft drink with 7. (they) babys milk. Nowadays, of course, the harmful 8. (effect) of both smoking and sugary drinks have been well known. But although these adverts seem unusual to us now, perhaps future generations may consider some of
34、 todays ads to be just as strange. 9. is believed that advertising can often be an indicator for what society considers to be 10. (social) acceptable and desirable at the time. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了广告不仅仅是一种让人们购买物品的工具, 它也是文化、社会和历史的窗口。1. 【解析】living。考查现在分词。句意: 事实上, 生活在城市里的普通人每天看到成千上万的广告是很正常的。本空修饰名词person
35、, 且person与动词live在逻辑上是主动关系, 故本空应用现在分词living作定语。2. 【解析】as。考查介词。句意: 然而, 广告不仅仅是一种让人们购买物品的工具, 它也是文化、社会和历史的窗口。serve as意为“充当, 起作用”, 故本空应填介词as。3. 【解析】the。考查冠词。句意: 现代广告在18世纪和19世纪开始出现, 因为印刷技术的进步允许在报纸和杂志上制作更详细的图片。根据空后18th and 19th centuries可知, 本空应用定冠词the。4. 【解析】to be produced。考查动词不定式。allow sb. /sth. to do sth.
36、 意为“允许某人/某物做某事”。且detailed images与动词produce在逻辑上是被动关系, 故本空应用to be produced。5. 【解析】is。考查时态及主谓一致。句意: 看一看这些早期的广告, 就像倒退一步回到另一个时代。根据句意可知, 本句应用一般现在时; 且本句主语为动名词短语, 故本空应用第三人称单数is。6. 【解析】promised。考查一般过去时。句意: 例如, 1881年的一则法国香烟广告承诺其产品将“立即缓解”包括呼吸问题在内的一系列疾病。根据an 1881 advert可知, 本空应用一般过去时promised。7. 【解析】their。考查代词。句意
37、: 1955年美国的一则广告建议母亲们将含糖的软饮料和她们婴儿的牛奶混合起来。根据空后名词 babys milk可知, 本空应用形容词性物主代词their。8. 【解析】effects。考查名词复数。句意: 当然, 现在吸烟和含糖饮料的有害影响是众所周知的。根据谓语动词中have been well known可知, 本空应用名词复数形式effects。9. 【解析】It。考查it作形式主语。句意: 人们认为, 广告往往可以作为当时社会上可以接受和受欢迎的事物的标志。本句中that引导的主语从句作真正的主语, 故本空应用it作形式主语。10. 【解析】socially。考查副词。本空修饰形容词
38、acceptable and desirable, 故应用副词形式。【知识拓展】长难句分析It is believed that advertising can often be an indicator for what society considers to be socially acceptable and desirable at the time. 分析: 本句中It作形式主语, that引导的主语从句作真正的主语; what引导宾语从句, 作介词for的宾语。翻译: 人们认为, 广告往往可以作为当时社会上可以接受和受欢迎的事物的标志。阅读理解No one knows for s
39、ure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus on doing one specific job. Lets take a man well c
40、all Mr Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didnt make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows(犁), or any of
41、 other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things. Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr Plowrigh
42、t did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows. How did Mr Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put
43、up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr Plowright and his really good plows. Many historians believe that the fi
44、rst outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了广告的起源。1. What probably led to the start of advertisement? A. The
45、 discovery of iron. B. The specialization of labor. C. The appearance of new jobs. D. The development of farming techniques. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better tha
46、n others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus on doing one specific job. 可知, 劳动的专业化可能促进了广告的产生, 故B项正确。2. To advertise his plows, Mr Plowright . A. praised his plows in publicB. placed a sign outside the shopC. hung an arrow pointing t
47、o the shopD. showed his products to the customers【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. 可知, Plowright为了宣传他的犁, 在商店外放了一个牌子来吸引客户, 故B项正确。3. The writer makes up the two stories of Mr Fielder and Mr Plowright in order to . A. explain the
48、origin of advertisingB. predict the future of advertisingC. expose problems in advertisingD. provide suggestions for advertising【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. 可知, 许多历史学家相信5 000年以前, 最初的户外标识被使用。由此可以推断出作者讲这两个故事是为了说明广告的起源, 故A项正确。【知识拓展】长难句分析1. It is possible that it