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1、专题四“顺藤摸瓜”明辨词义猜测类题目.体验高考Passage 1 体裁：说明文话题：科学研究时间：6分钟(2014广东卷，D)Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流)Most do it using satellites and other hightech equipment.However，ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special wayby studying movements of random floating garba
2、ge.A scientist with many years experience，he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States.There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap_meets to try and match left and
3、right shoes to sell or wear.Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoesabout 60,000 in totalfell into the ocean in a shipping accident.He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back.As expected，the company told him that they didnt.Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a gre
4、at experiment.If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed，he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.The Pacific Northwest is one of the worlds best areas for beachcombing(海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here，and as a result，there is
5、a group of serious beachcombers in the area.Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed.In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes.With this data，he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer progr
6、am designed to model ocean currents，and publish the findings of their study.As the result of his work，Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean.He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts，with 50
7、0 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand.They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.【语篇导读】本文是说明文，介绍了一种研究洋流的特别方式。1The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.Afitting roomsBtrading fairsCbusiness talksDgroup meetings解析词义猜测题。由前面的so many
8、 shoes和后面的to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear，特别是sell，可知是建立交易市场，故选B。答案B2Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out _.Awhat caused the shipping accidentBwhen and where the shoes went missingCwhether it was all right to use their shoesDhow much they lost in the shipping accident解
9、析事实细节题。由第二段二、三、四句“He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back.As expected，the company told him that they didnt.Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment”可知，选C。答案C3How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption?ABy collecting information from beachcombers.BBy studying the s
10、hoes found by beachcombers.CBy searching the web for ocean currents models.DBy researching ocean currents data in the library.解析事实细节题。由第三段第二句Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them (serious beachcombers) and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed及其后几句可知，选A，“通过海滩清理者收
11、集信息”。答案A4Ebbesmeyer is most famous for _.Atraveling widely the coastal cities of the worldBmaking records for any lost objects on the seaCrunning a global currents research associationDphoning about any doubtful objects on the sea解析事实细节题。由第四段第一句Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call wi
12、th questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean可知，选D。答案D5What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?ATo call peoples attention to ocean pollution.BTo warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.CTo explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.DTo give tips on how
13、 to search for lost objects on the beach.解析主旨大意题。文章主题句在第一段，即However，ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special wayby studying movements of random floating garbage，由此可知选C。答案CPassage 2 体裁：说明文话题：旅鸽时间：6分钟(2014课标卷)Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numb
14、ers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population
15、in the United States，making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller，a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly，the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been t
16、heir undoing.Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain，waited until pigeons had settled to feed，then threw large nets over them，taking hundreds at a time.The bird
17、s were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood，which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north，where cold temperatures and spring
18、storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again.In 1897，the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then，no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States
19、 was shot by a boy in Pike County，Ohio，in 1900.For a time，a few birds survived under human care.The last of them，known affectionately as Martha，died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.【语篇导读】本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。1In the 18th and early 19th centuries，passenger pigeons _.Awere the bigges
20、t bird in the world Blived mainly in the south of AmericaCdid great harm to the natural environmentDwere the largest bird population in the US解析事实细节题。根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选D。答案D2The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons _.AescapeBruinCliberationDevol
21、ution解析词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“Where the birds were abundant.by the thousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin和undoing词义相似，故选B。答案B3What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?ATo seek pleasure.BTo save other birds.CTo make money.DTo protect crops.解析事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“Commercial hunters attracted them.sold in re
22、staurants”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。故选C。答案C4What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?AIt was ignored by the public.BIt was declared too late.CIt was unfair.DIt was strict.解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“In 1897，the state of.for 10 years”可知通过法律后的10年，鸽群数量仍然不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，故选B。答案B.仿真、模拟Passage 1 体裁：说明文话题：卫生保健时间：7
23、分钟(2014鹰潭一中月考)Five Booming Careers in Health CareLoving what you do is great，but knowing your career will be there tomorrow is even better.And when it comes to booming fields，the health care industry is one thats primed for growth.Want to prepare to take your place in the health care field？Check out
24、 these five indemand health care careers.Career 1 Medical and Health Services ManagerIf you want to take your leadership skills into the growing health care field，consider pursuing a career as a medical and health services manager.As a medical and health services manager you might plan，direct，and or
25、ganize health services in an entire health care facility，or a specific department or clinical area，says US. Department of Labor.Daily duties could include handling a facilitys finances，creating work schedules，and making sure that health care services are delivered efficiently.Career 2 Medical Assist
26、antIf you are interested in working in a doctors office，consider preparing for a career in the indemand field of medical assisting.As a medical assistant，you could play a role in helping patients visits go smoothly from when they first walk in the door.Your duties might include measuring vital signs
27、，assisting the physician with examinations，recording health information，and scheduling appointments，according to the US. Department of Labor.Career 3 Registered NurseReady to put your helpful nature to use in the largest health care field？Look into prepping to pursue a career in registered nursing.A
28、s a registered nurse，you could work closely with patients by providing care，education，and emotional support.You might give patients medicines and treatments，observe their conditions，or perform diagnostic(诊断的)tests，says the US. Department of Labor.Career 4 Physical Therapist AssistantWant to enter an
29、 indemand health care field where you could really play a handson role in helping patients restore their physical functionality？If so，a career as a physical therapist assistant could be a good fit.Under the supervision of a physical therapist，you could help patients regain movement as they recover f
30、rom injuries，illnesses，or surgery.Your role in the rehabilitation process could include assisting patients with techniques(massage，stretching)and therapeutic methods like electrical stimulation and mechanical traction，says the US. Department of Labor.Career 5 Pharmacy TechnicianPrefer a health care
31、career that is less handson？Consider pursuing a career in the growing pharmacy technician field.Pharmacy technicians can be responsible for counting pills，filling prescriptions，providing customer service，and fulfilling administrative tasks under the supervision of a licensed pharmacist，according to
32、the US. Department of Labor.【语篇导读】本文客观介绍了关于卫生保健中五种职业。1As a medical assistant，your duties might NOT include _.Aassisting the physician with examinationsBrecording health informationCscheduling appointmentsDproviding customer service解析细节理解题。根据职业二医务助理我们可以判断出答案。答案D2Which of the following is TRUE about a
33、 physical therapist assistant?AHe/She can help patients gain movement as they are in the illness.BHis/Her function includes assisting patients and providing customer service.CHis/Her duty might include measuring vital signs and recording health information.DHe/She could play a practical role in help
34、ing patients restore their physical functionality.解析推理判断题。根据职业四助理理疗师中的第一段，可得出答案D。答案D3What does the underlined word “rehabilitation” mean?AThe process of improving or becoming stronger.BThe process of cutting a part of a persons body in order to remove or repair a damaged part.CThe process of recordi
35、ng somebodys name on an official list.DThe process of helping somebody to have a normal life again after they have been ill for a long time.解析猜测词义题。根据上下文我们可以猜测出这个单词的意思是“康复，恢复”。答案D4What is vital for physical therapist assistants and pharmacy technicians to perform their duties?AThe nature of helping
36、others.BKnowledge of medicine and health care.CThe ability of interpersonal communication.DThe supervision of a licensed doctor.解析细节理解题。根据职业四助理理疗师中的第二段第一句和职业五药品技师的第二段可知，虽然A、B、C三项都是成为医药工作者所必须的素质，但是最关键的前提是有带执照的医师的监督，故选D。答案D5The author writes the passage mainly to _.Aintroduce five booming careers in h
37、ealth careBpersuade you to go into five booming careers in health careCadvocate five booming careers in health careDclassify health care into five careers解析主旨大意题。本文客观介绍了关于卫生保健中五种职业，并没有劝说读者去从事这些工作。答案APassage 2 体裁：记叙文话题：逸闻趣事时间：7分钟There was once a tiny country that was suffering from a long drought.It
38、had gone so long without rain that the people there were starting to go hungry because of the bad harvests.It just so happened that a group of musicians were traveling the country，trying to make a living from their concerts.But with so many problems in the land，no one felt like listening to music.“B
39、ut music can help overcome any problems，” said the musicians，without anyone paying them the slightest attention.So the musicians tried to find out the reason it wouldnt rain.It was very strange，because the sky was overcast，but no one could provide an answer.“Its been cloudy like this for many months
40、，but not a single drop of rain has fallen，” people told them.“Dont worry，well bring rain to the country，” the musicians responded，and they began rehearsing for a concert at the summit of the highest mountain.Everyone who heard the music was seized by curiosity and went up the mountain.And the conduc
41、tor of this strange orchestra gave the order，and the musicians began to play.From their instruments came small，playful musical notes that rose and rose into the clouds.The music was so joyous，happy and fun，and the notes started playing with the clouds soft，fluffy bellies，running here and there，up an
42、d down，and the whole sky turned into one big game of tickle torture.Before long，the giant clouds were thundering with laughter.The musicians continued playing joyfully and a few minutes later the clouds，crying with laughter，soaked the little country below with their precious tears，bringing happiness
43、 to all.And in memory of that musical rain，everyone in the country learned how to play an instrument and，taking turns，would go up the mountain every day to bring joy to the clouds with their beautiful songs.【语篇导读】一个干旱已久的小国，却因为音乐家们的到来，改变了他们的命运音乐家通过在山顶上演奏音乐，从而为当地降下了甘霖。为了纪念那场音乐雨，人们开始学习音乐，并轮流到山上为云彩演奏音乐。
44、1Why did the country have the bad harvests?ABecause its too hot.BBecause its too cold.CBecause its too wet. DBecause its too droughty.解析细节理解题。根据第一段可知那个国家歉收的原因是因为长期干旱少雨，故选D项。答案D2Whats the attitude of the people toward the musicians?AActive.BEnergetic.CCold.DEnthusiastic.解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But with so ma
45、ny problems in the land，no one felt like listening to music.”和“without anyone paying them the slightest attention.”可以推出人们对音乐家们的态度是冷淡的。故选C。 答案C3Whats the meaning of the underlined word in the third paragraph?ACloudyBRainyCSunnyDWindy 解析词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Its been cloudy like this.”可以推出overcast的意思与cloudy意思
46、一样。故选A项。答案A4Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?AGreat musiciansBMusic for the cloudsCLaughing cloudsDMusic rehearsing解析标题概括题。本文主要讲述了音乐家通过在山顶上为云彩演奏音乐，从而使云彩流动起来，最终降下了期盼已久的雨，为当地人们带来了快乐。由此可以推出文章的标题应选B项。答案B5From the last paragraph we can learn that the people in the small count
47、ry _.Ahate musicBlove musicCteach musicDpractice music解析推理判断题。最后一段中讲到为了纪念那场音乐雨，人们开始学习乐器，并轮流到山上为云彩演奏音乐。由此可以推出人们喜欢音乐。答案BPassage 3 体裁：说明文话题：科学研究时间：7分钟(2014广州调研)Imagine putting a seed in a freezer，waiting 30,000 years，and then taking the seed out and planting it.Do you think a flower would grow?Amazingly，scientists have just managed to do something very similar.They found the fruit of an ancient plant that had been frozen underground in Siberiaa region covering central and eastern Russiafor about 31,800 years.Using pieces of the fruit，the scientists g