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1、Unit 4Global warming李仕才【短文语法填空】Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world.Kung fu，1. (especial)，has had a great effect 2. the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that，they may come to China and learn about some other 3. (aspect) of th
2、is culture. Other Asian nations have long known about the 4. (great) of ancient Chinese culture.Their own cultures are 5. mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism，something that continues today even as it 6. (challenge) by pop culture. This
3、strength comes from the ideas 7. (give) in the Four Books of Confucianism，which was built upon the ideas of an even 8. (much) ancient period codified(编纂) in the Five Classics.From them，the West learns 9. is uniquely Chinese，for example，feng shui.So far China has taken steps 10. (further) this spread
4、 of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国文化对世界的影响。1especially解析：考查副词。尤其是中国功夫，对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的数百万的人来讲，有着非常大的影响。especially“尤其是”，用于强调突出的人或者事情。2on解析：考查介词。have a(n).effect on sb.“对某人有影响”为固定搭配，故填on。3aspects解析：考查名词单复数。他们可能会来到
5、中国，学习了解中国文化的一些其他方面。根据空前的“some other”及aspect作“方面，层面”讲时是可数名词可知，此处应用aspect的复数形式aspects。4greatness解析：考查名词。其他亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。根据空前的“the”及空后的“of”可知，此处应填名词greatness。5a解析：考查冠词。这些国家自身的文化是本土文化和中国特色(文化)的混合。mix在此作名词，意为“混合，结合”，是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，故用a。6is challenged解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据本文的基本时态为一般现在时可知，此处亦用一般现在时；it在此指代上文
6、中的“Confucianism”，和challenge之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is challenged。7given解析：考查过去分词。这种力量来自“四书”中所提供的观念。the ideas与give之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。8more解析：考查比较级。“四书”是依照“五经”的编纂中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。根据句意及空前的“even”可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填more。9what解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导宾语从句，作learns的宾语，空处在宾语从句中作主语，且此处表示“所的事物”，故用what。10to further解
7、析：考查非谓语动词。目前，中国已经采取措施进一步推广中国文化。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作目的状语，故应用不定式形式。further在此用作动词，意为“促进，增进”。(对应学生用书P149)compare vt.& vi.比较，相比，比作n比较(1)compare.with/to.把和比较compare.to.把比作compared to/with.与比较起来(作状语)(2)comparison n比较；对照by/in comparison with 和相比较beyond compare 无与伦比；无可比拟Dont compare your disadvantages _with_ othe
8、rsstrong points.不要拿自己的缺点与别人的优势相比。_Compared_ (compare) to/with the place where I grew up，this town is much more exciting.与我长大的地方相比，这个镇子热闹多了。In _comparison_ (compare) with/Compared with your car，mine is very cheap.和你的车相比我的很便宜。compare作状语时，如果与主语是主动关系，要用comparing，与主语是被动关系，则用compared。_Comparing_ (compare)
9、 my work with his，I know mine is far from satisfactory.把我的工作与他的相比，我知道我的工作远远不令人满意。oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量(1)oppose(doing)sth.反对(做)某事oppose sb.doing sth.反对某人做某事(强调动作)oppose sth.to/against sth.使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗(2)opposed adj.反对的；对立的be opposed to 反对；与对立(强调状态)(教材原句)On the other hand，there are those，like Geo
10、rge Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.在另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治汉布利，反对上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。The mother opposed her daughters _going_ (go) there alone.那位母亲反对她女儿一个人去那儿。Her parents strongly _opposed_ (oppose) her goi
11、ng abroad，which opposed her will _to/against_ her.So she was very sad，thinking it was her parents who were deliberately _opposed_ (oppose)to her.她的父母极力反对她出国，这违背她的意愿。她很不高兴，并认为父母是故意和她对立。average n平均adj.平均的vi.& vt.平均为，算出的平均数an average of.的平均数(后跟数词)on(the/an)average 平均above/below(the)average 在一般水准以上/下up
12、to(the)average 达到平均水准average sth.out 算出的平均数(教材原句)The greenhouse effect gives the earths surface the average temperature of 15 .温室效应使得地球表面的平均温度达到了15。(2015重庆卷)Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68 _above_ the average.去年是有纪录以来最热的一年，全球平均气温上升0.68度。There were 90 students ge
13、tting full marks in the exam，_an_ average of 18 students in each class.Toms was above average while Johns was _below_ average.在这次考试中有90个同学得到了满分，每个班级平均有18人。汤姆的成绩在平均水平之上，而约翰的成绩在平均水平之下。单句语法填空(2017江苏卷)In 1900，people died _at_ the average age of 30.By 2000 _the_ average age was 65.【七选五】By 2025，water shor
14、tage will be a big problem for about 1.8 billion people.In a world where water resource is increasingly short，nations cannot afford to waste it._1_After we use water in our homes and businesses，it is washed away，and takes many valuable resources with it.Waste water is rich in carbon and nutrients._2
15、_ A number of nations and major cities have already built waste water treatment plants.They can effectively recover nutrients and bioenergy，and produce “new water” that can be reused.But more than 80% of all waste water still currently flows into natural ecosystems，polluting the environment and taki
16、ng valuable nutrients and other recoverable materials with it._3_ This is still better than the situation in smaller cities.In Latin American countries，those living in small and mediumsized cities at most treat it in the form of septic tanks (化粪池)that lack regular and proper maintenance.Imagine that
17、 outside one of these small cities lies a lovely piece of land：on the surface it is pleasingly built and provides habitats for local wildlife.Beneath the surface is a wetland that treats waste water and produces energy.The energy produced saves families from having to use firewood collected in the w
18、ild.This is not a dream project._4_ A team of scientists have been looking into the potential of constructed wetland environments.Having analyzed 800 examples of biomass in more than 20 countries，they found that，depending on climate and the type of plant used in the construction of this type of wetl
19、and，up to 45 hectares of land could be irrigated with waste water._5_ABut that is exactly what we do.BThis can provide easy access to clean water.CThere is no longer any good reason to waste any type of water.DA constructed wetland environment is already in practice on a small scale.EThis would redu
20、ce the need for fresh water for irrigation and energy for pumping.FIf collected and treated properly，it could provide “new water”，fertilizer，and energy.GAlthough waste water systems in large cities are effective，the whole procedure usually costs much.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了当前世界水资源的现状以及有效利用水资源的方法。1A上文说在
21、水资源短缺的大环境下，很多国家不能承担浪费(的后果)，下文说我们用完水后，就直接把水冲走。根据上下文可知，A项“但是那正是我们所做的”与此处匹配，起承上启下作用，故选A。2F上文说废水富含碳元素和养分，而F项说如果收集和处理得当，它就能提供“新的水”、肥料和能量，前后形成语义上的衔接，故选F。3G下文讲述的是拉丁美洲的中小城市的废水处理系统缺乏常规和合适的维护，而G项提到大城市的废水处理系统有效但成本高，与本段内容吻合，故选G。4D上文提到在这些小城市建造湿地环境的设想，下文提到已经有科学家在研究建造的湿地环境的潜力了，由此可知，D项“建造的湿地环境已经在小范围的实践中了”符合语境。5E上文讲
22、述的是这种解决方案的另一种好处是人们可以用废水灌溉农田，而E说这可以减少用淡水灌溉的需求及抽水所需的能量，前后语义衔接，故选E。on behalf of.代表一方；作为的代言人(1)on behalf of sb.on sb.s behalf；其中的on也可用in来代替。(2)on sb.s behalf除了表示“代表某人”之外，还可以表示“因为/为了某人；为了某人的利益”等。(教材原句)I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。_On_ behalf of eve
23、ryone here，I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.我谨代表在座每一个人祝你们归途愉快。result in 导致；造成(后接结果)；引起(1)result in(cause)引起；导致；造成(后接结果)result from由于而引起(后接原因)(2)as a result 结果as a result of/as a consequence of 作为的结果；由于with the result that.其结果是without result 没有结果；白费(教材原句)They also agree that it is t
24、he burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.他们还赞同下述观点：正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。Global warming results _from_ the burning of fossil fuels，such as petroleum products，_resulting_ (result) in the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.全球变暖是燃烧石油
25、等矿物燃料引起的，从而导致了温室气体被排放到大气中。Failure results _from_ laziness and hard work results _in_ success.失败源于懒惰，努力工作可导致成功。【短文改错】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第1
26、1处起)不计分。(2018福州市高三毕业班适应性练习)Dear Ben，As graduation is draw near，Id like to express my sincere gratitude to you for your kind.In the last three years，you had shared my joys and sorrows，making my school life unforgettable.I remember very much that you sent me to hospital when I had my left leg break.Du
27、ring the days when I had to stay in the bed，you comforted me and helped me my lessons.It is your friendship which fills my life with sunshine.I hope my friendship will last forever and I also hope all your dreams will come truly in the future.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua【答案】Dear Ben，As graduation is nea
28、r，Id like to express my sincere gratitude to you for your .In the last three years，you shared my joys and sorrows，making my school life unforgettable.I remember very that you sent me to hospital when I had my left leg .During the days when I had to stay in bed，you comforted me and helped me my lesso
29、ns.It is your friendship fills my life with sunshine.I hope friendship will last forever and I also hope all your dreams will come in the future.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua第一处：draw改为drawing。考查动词的时态。句意：随着毕业的临近，我想对你的善意表示由衷的感激。根据语境可知，该处用现在进行时表示按即将发生的动作。第二处：kind改为kindness。考查名词。根据形容词性物主代词“your”可知，该处用名词形式。第三
30、处：had改为have。考查动词的时态。根据该句的时间状语“In the last three years”可知，此处表示动作从过去延续到现在并有可能延续下去，故用现在完成时。句意：在过去的三年时间里，你分享了我的快乐和忧伤，让我的学校生活令人难忘。第四处：much改为well。考查副词。句意：我清楚地记得，当我的左腿受伤时，你将我送到医院。由句意可知，该处表示“清楚地记得”，故将much改为well。第五处：break改为broken。考查过去分词。leg和动词break之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用have sth.done结构，故用过去分词。第六处：删除the。考查冠词。in bed为固
31、定用法，意为“卧病在床”，故删除the。第七处：在my前加with。考查介词。句意：在我不得不卧病在床的那些天里，你安慰我并帮我补习功课。help sb.with lessons为固定搭配，意为“帮助某人补习功课”，故在my前加with。第八处：which改为that。考查强调句型。句意：是你的友谊让我的生命充满了阳光。分析该句结构可知，该句为强调句，被强调的部分是“your friendship”，故将which改为that。知识储备：强调句型的结构是：It is(was)被强调部分that (who)句子的其他成分。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，可以由who代
32、替that。第九处：my改为our。考查代词。句意：我希望我们的友谊长存，我还希望你所有的梦想在将来都成为现实。根据句意可知，该处表示“我们的友谊”，故应用our。第十处：truly改为true。考查形容词。come true为固定搭配，意为“成为现实”，come在此处为系动词，后接形容词。It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on _so long as_ you are using itif not，turn it off!只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！so/as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。(1)引
33、导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if，unless(if.not如果不；除非)，as/so long as(只要)，while(as long as只要)，supposing(that)/provided/providing(that)(假如)，in case(假使)，on condition that(在的条件下)等等。(2)as far as 至于，直到，远到；就而言as many as 多达(与可数名词复数连用)as much as 多达(与不可数名词连用)as well as 既又；除之外(也)；此外as good as 几乎，实际上；无异；不亚于(2015北京卷)You wont fin
34、d paper cutting difficult as _long_ as you keep practicing it.只要你不断练习，你不会觉得剪纸很难。As _far_ as I can see，there is only one possible way out.就我所知，仅有一种可行的方法(可以解除困境)。It promotes friendship as _well_ as trade.它不但促进贸易，而且增进友谊。I bought a secondhand chair which is as _good_ as new.我买了一把二手椅子，它如同新的一样。(1)as long
35、as还有一个意思“之久”，如：Stay as long as you like.你想在这里呆多久就呆多久。(2)so long在口语中表示“再见”，相当于goodbye。【阅读理解】Facing increasing pressure to raise students scores on standardized tests, schools are urging kids to work harder by offering them obvious encouragements. Happy Meals are at the low end of the scale. With the
36、help of businesses, schools are also giving away cars, iPods, seats to basketball games, and in a growing number of cases cold, hard cash. The appeal of such programs is obvious, but the consequences of tying grades to goods are still uncertain. Its been a common tradition in middleclass families to
37、 reward top grades with cash as a way to teach that success in school leads to success in life. But for many disadvantaged minority children, the longterm benefits of getting an education are not so clear, according to experts. No one knows for sure how well cash and other bigticket rewards work in
38、education in the long run. But there are plenty of concerns that this kind of practice could have negative effects on kids. Virginia Shiller, a clinical psychologist, says that its worth experimenting with cash encouragements but that tying them to success on a test is not a worthwhile goal. “Id rat
39、her see rewards based on effort and responsibility things that will lead to success in life，” she says. Even if rewards dont lead to individual achievement on a test, they could have a meaningful effect in the school. Charles McVean, a businessman and philanthropist (慈善家), started a tutoring program
40、 which pays higherachieving students $10 an hour to tutor struggling classmates and divides them into teams. During the course of the year, students bond and compete. The team posting the highest math scores wins the top cash prize of $100. McVean calls the combination of peer (同龄人) tutoring, compet
41、ition，and cash encouragements a recipe for “nothing less than magic” For its part, the Seminole County Public Schools system in Florida plans to continue its report card encouragement program through the rest of the school year. The local McDonalds restaurants help the poor district by paying the $1
42、,600 cost of printing the report card. Regina Klaers, the district spokeswoman, says most parents dont seem bothered by the Happy Meals rewards. “There are many ways we try to urge students to do well, and sometimes its through the stomach, and sometimes its the probability of students winning a car
43、，” she says. “One size doesnt fit all.” 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了物质奖励对学生的成绩是否有促进作用。【长难句分析】Its been a common tradition in middleclass families to reward top grades with cash as a way to teach that success in school leads to success in life.(第一段倒数第二句)分析：这是一个复合句。本句中It作形式主语，to reward top grades with cash.in
44、life作真正的主语；that引导的宾语从句作teach的宾语。译文：给取得最高分的人现金奖励，作为教导他们在学校里的成功可以通向生活中的成功的一种方式，这已经成为中产家庭中的惯例。1. According to the text, it is a common practice for schools to _.Aoffer free meals to students with high scoresBtie students grades to material rewardsCeducate students to form a business sense Dcooperate wi
45、th business to improve teaching答案与解析：B考查推理判断。【关键句】With the help of businesses, schools are also giving away cars, iPods, seats to basketball games, andin a growing number of casescold，hard cash.(第一段第三句)译文：在企业的帮助下，学校也在发放汽车、iPod和篮球赛的门票，发放现金的情况也在增加。根据关键句及下一句中的“tying grades to goods”可推断出，将学生的成绩与物质奖励联系起来
46、已成了学校的一个惯例。故选B。2. According to the text, the longterm results of giving students cash as rewards in education are _.Anegative BoptimisticCuncertain Ddisappointing答案与解析：C考查细节理解。【关键句】No one knows for sure how well cash and other bigticket rewards work in education in the long run.(第二段第一句)译文：没有人能肯定从长远来
47、看现金和其他昂贵奖品会对教育产生怎样的作用。根据关键句可知，给学生现金作为奖励在教育中产生的长远结果还不确定。A项意为“消极的”；B项意为“乐观的”；C项意为“不确定的”；D项意为“令人失望的”。故选C。3The tutoring program run by Charles McVean _.Ahires some excellent teachers to teach the struggling studentsBhas a meaningful effect in inspiring students enthusiasm on studyCis a program combining tutoring, competition and future job offers Drewards the student with the highest scores with cash prize of $100答案与解析：B考查推理判断