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1、Unit 4Pygmalion李仕才【短文语法填空】The origin of tea is lost among history and tales. What can be 1._ (rough) confirmed is that tea originated in the southwest of China. According to ancient stories, the first person 2._ (discover) the effects of tea is said to be Shennongthe father of agriculture and herbal
2、 3._ (medical) in China. It 4._ (say) that Shennong once tried 72 different kinds of poisonous plants in a day and he lay on the ground, barely alive. At this moment, he noticed several rather fragrant leaves 5._ (drop) from the tree beside him. Out 6._ curiosity and habit, Shennong put the leaves i
3、nto his mouth and chewed 7._ slowly. After a little while, he felt well and 8._ (energy) again. So he picked more leaves to eat 9._ thus cleared his body from poison.The ancient Chinese medical book called Shennong Bencaojing states that “Tea tastes bitter. Drinking it, one can think quicker, sleep
4、10._ (little), move more swiftly, and see more clearly.” This then was the earliest book to record the medicinal effects of tea.【解题导语】本文介绍了“茶”的起源。1roughly解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词。故填 roughly “粗略地”。2to discover解析：考查非谓语动词。不定式短语作后置定语。故填 to discover。3medicine解析：考查词性转换。形容词 herbal “药草的”修饰名词。故填 medicine。herbal medici
5、ne 意为“草药”。4is said解析：考查被动语态。根据语境可知，据说神农曾一天之内尝试了72种不同的有毒植物。It is said that意为“据说”。5dropping解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此时，他注意到几片芳香的叶子正从他旁边的树上掉落下来。空处强调“正在掉落”，故用 drop 的现在分词形式。6of解析：考查介词。短语 out of curiosity 意为“出于好奇”。7them解析：考查代词。根据语境可分析出，空处指代 and 前的leaves, 指咀嚼“它们”。故填 them。8energetic解析：考查词性转换。感官动词felt 后应用形容词，故填 ene
6、rgetic。9and解析：考查连词。该空前后表示顺承关系，故用and。10less解析：考查比较级。此处与文中的“think quicker”和“move more swiftly, and see more clearly”为并列结构，故填less。hesitate vi.踌躇；犹豫；迟疑(1)(2)(教材原句)A gentleman(G)passes and hesitates for a moment.这时一位先生从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。 Do not hesitate to_laugh (laugh) at anything you find amusing.只要觉得好笑就尽管笑。
7、She hesitates about the choice between the two dresses.她不能决定选这两件衣服中的哪一件。condemn vt.谴责；使注定(1)condemn sb.as.把某人指责为condemn sb./sth.for.因而谴责某人/某事condemn sb.to do sth.判罚某人做某事；做注定condemn sb.to sth.迫使某人处于境地；判处某人某种刑罚condemn sb.to death 判某人死刑(2)be condemned to do sth.迫使接受(困境)，注定be condemned/sentenced to deat
8、h 被判处死刑(教材原句)Look at this girl with her terrible English：the English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days.你瞧那个姑娘，英语说得那样糟糕：那一口英语使她注定要在贫民窟里待一辈子了。Lack of skills condemned (condemn) her to live a poor life.Though she knew that society would condemn her for abandoning (abandon) her
9、baby，she did so at last.The judge condemned her to one year in prison.But she expected to_be_condemned (condemn)to death.缺乏技能注定了她要过着艰难的生活。尽管她知道社会会谴责她遗弃孩子，她还是做了。法官判处她一年徒刑，但她希望被判处死刑。compromise n妥协；和解；折中v.妥协；让步；放弃(1)(2)(教材原句)(compromises)OK，Ill teach you.(提出折中办法)好吧，我教你。They were unwilling to compromise
10、 with the leaders.他们不愿与领导妥协。In order to live in harmony，sometimes you need to make compromises (compromise)为了和谐地生活，有时你需要做出让步。fortune nU成功；好运，运气C未来的命运；运道；前途；财富(1)make a fortune 发财seek ones fortune 外出找出路try ones fortune 碰运气come into a fortune 继承一大笔财产(2)fortunate adj.幸运的be fortunate to do sth./in doing
11、 sth.幸运地做某事(3)fortunately adv.幸运地(教材原句)A fortune！Thatll help me，indeed it will.一笔财富呀！这的确给我帮大忙了，真的。To make a fortune，she went to the south to_try (try) her fortune.Though she failed in business，she met a wealthy man.And，fortunately (fortune)，she came into a fortune.But unfortunately (fortune)，the man
12、 died in a car accident and she again had to depend on herself.为了发财，她到南方来碰碰运气。虽然她在生意上失败了，但她遇到了一个有钱人。并且，幸运的是，她得到了一笔财产。然而不幸的是，这个男人在一次事故中遇难，她不得不重新依靠自己。单句语法填空(2017全国卷)We shared the belief that if youre fortunate (fortune) enough to have success, you should put something back.【七选五】Listening to others req
13、uires entering actively and imaginatively into the situation and trying to understand a frame of reference different from your own，and yet so many of us dont listen properly as we should._1_ It means trying to see the problem the way the speaker sees it.Here are some ways to become a better listener
14、._2_ Make sure you actually hear fully what your friend is saying，and you cant cut your friend off verbally carelessly.While you might intend to help move the conversation along，your friend might feel as if what he has said need to be continually talked over or sound anything but interesting.Nod to
15、encourage the conversation along.A better option to let your friend know youre interested in what he says is just to nod along from time to time.Sometimes you nod along but then start thinking about something unrelated to what he could say._3_Tune out background noise.If youre easily distracted by l
16、aughter，glasses clinking，children crying，you might need to work extra hard to focus only on your friend._4_ Dont hesitate to tell them that the background noises are getting in the way.If you cant focus，try moving to another area.No texting or looking at your phone！_5_ For you see，when youre sitting
17、 in front of someone，he is the most important person in your world at that moment.APractice silence when someone else is talking.BIf necessary，ask your friend to repeat himself.CListening is more than just sitting silently while someone else talks.DWhoever is calling or texting can wait until youre
18、done with your conversation.EQuestions you raise must clearly be motivated by curiosity about the speakers views.FIn this case, try to push away your thoughts until youre absorbed in what your friend is saying.GRemembering ideas from previous conversations proves that your attention is kept and enco
19、urages your friend to continue.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何成为一位优秀的倾听者。难句分析：While you might intend to help move the conversation along，your friend might feel as if what he has said need to be continually talked over or sound anything but interesting.(第三段最后一句)译文：虽然或许你打算帮助让谈话继续，但是你的朋友也许会感觉好像他所说的要不断地被讨论或者听起来根
20、本是无趣的。词汇积累：verbally adv.口头上option n选择distract v使分心1C根据下一句“It means trying to see the problem the way the speaker sees it.”可知，C项“倾听不仅仅是别人讲话时安静地坐在那里”与下文联系密切，且C项中的“Listening”与下一句中的“It”相照应。故选C。2A根据下文内容可知，本段主要说明在别人讲话时，不要打扰对方。A项“在别人讲话时，练习沉默”能够引起下文内容，符合语境。故选A。3F本段主要讲述了在别人讲话时，你应不时地点点头，让你的朋友知道你对他所说的感兴趣。所以当你有
21、时点头却心不在焉时，要赶快把注意力转回到你朋友所说的话中。故选F。4B下文提到，要毫不犹豫地告诉你的朋友噪音妨碍了你，由此推断出空格处应指如果受到了噪音的妨碍，可以请求朋友重复一遍。故选B。5D根据“No texting or looking at your phone！”可知，D项“无论谁的电话或者短信都可以等到你的谈话结束再回复”符合本段内容。故选D。generally speaking 一般来说(1)honestly speaking 诚实地说来frankly speaking 坦率地说strictly speaking 严格地说broadly speaking 广义地说personal
22、ly speaking 就我个人而言scientifically speaking 从科学的角度来说(2)in general 总的来说；大体上as a general rule 一般而言；在通常情况下(教材原句)Generally speaking，people are more polite to those who they think are of a higher social class(H)and less polite to those they consider are members of a lower class(L)一般而言，人们对他们认为是高层社会的人更有礼貌，对于
23、他们认为是低层社会的成员不太礼貌。Frankly (frank) speaking，I dont agree with you.坦率地说，我不赞成你。Personally speaking (speak)，I have no objection to your leaving at once.就我个人而言，我不反对你马上就走。in terms of.就来说；从角度in the long/short term 从长远/短期来看in ones terms 在某人看来；根据某人的观点in any term 无论如何；在任何情况下keep on good terms with sb.与某人保持友好关系
24、be on good/bad terms with.与关系好/坏come to terms with sb.和解；妥协；让步(教材原句)Correct all these sentences in terms of grammar，spelling，etc.，so that she can use them properly.从语法、拼写等方面改正这些句子，好让她恰当使用。Learning is not always easy，but it is always beneficial in the long term.学习并不总是那么简单，但从长远看它总是有益的。(2016上海卷卷)Projec
25、t managers evaluate the performance of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects，rather than the amount of time they spend on them.项目经理对小组成员表现的评价是从他们对项目的贡献而不是花去的时间。the other day 几天前，前几天，前些时候the other day 几天前(单独作时间状语，用于过去时)some day (将来)某一天(单独作时间状语，一般用于将来时)one day 有朝一日，(过去)某一天(单独作时间状
26、语，既可表过去也可表将来)these days 如今(用于现在时态，尤用于拿现在和过去比较)in those days 在过去的日子里(用于过去时态)day after day 日复一日(强调不变)day by day 一天天地(强调变化)This is the same book as I lost the other day.这本书和我前几天丢的那本一模一样。Youll come to realize it one day.总有一天你会意识到它。Day by day his health improved.他的健康状况一天天地改善。show.in带或领进来(1)show sb.into 领
27、着某人进入show sb.out 领某人出去show sb.around/round 领某人参观某地show sb.to the door 送某人到门口show off 炫耀；展示show up 出现；来到某处(2)on show 展出；展览；在展出；被陈列着(教材原句)Show her in，Mrs Pearce.皮尔斯夫人，领她进来。The latest computers will be on show at the exhibition.最新型的计算机将在展览会上展出。They showed (show) us around/round their school，showed off
28、their advanced science lab and when all was finished they showed us to the school gate.他们领着我们参观了他们的学校，展示了他们先进的科学实验室，所有的参观任务完成后他们把我们送到学校大门口。【短文改错】Jinan is facing seriously traffic problems.Too much cars travel on the roads.This heavy traffic causes delays and the plenty of air pollution.Besides Jinan
29、，many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the worse one.One of the reason why there is so much traffic is because only a small number of people use public transportation.In my opinion，one way to solve the traffic problems was to encourage people to make use public transportation sys
30、tems.For example，people can take buses instead of drive cars.Meanwhile，the government should take measures to make them more reliable and convenient to travel by bus.【答案】Jinan is facing traffic problems.Too cars travel on the roads.This heavy traffic causes delays and plenty of air pollution.Besides
31、 Jinan，many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the one.One of the why there is so much traffic is only a small number of people use public transportation.In my opinion，one way to solve the traffic problems to encourage people to make use public transportation systems.For example，pe
32、ople can take buses instead of cars.Meanwhile，the government should take measures to make more reliable and convenient to travel by bus.第一处：考查形容词。此处修饰名词短语“traffic problems”应用形容词。故seriously改为serious。第二处：考查形容词。此处修饰可数名词复数“cars”，应用many，而 much 修饰不可数名词。故much改为many。第三处：考查固定搭配。plenty of是固定搭配，意为“许多，大量”，前面没有t
33、he。故去掉the。第四处：考查形容词的比较等级。根据语境可知，此处指北京是交通问题最严重的，应用形容词的最高级。故worse改为worst。第五处：考查名词复数。one of后接可数名词的复数形式。故reason改为reasons。第六处：考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导表语从句，且在句中不作任何成分，应用that引导。故because改为that。第七处：考查动词时态。本篇文章主要以一般现在时为主，且主语“one way”是单数。故was改为is。第八处：考查固定搭配。make use of为固定搭配，意为“利用”。故在use后加of。第九处：考查非谓语动词。instead of后应
34、接动名词。故drive改为driving。第十处：考查代词。此处使用了“make it形容词 to do sth.”的结构，其中it是形式宾语。故them改为it。Will that be_of_any_use to you?那对你有用吗？(1)介词of后面接表抽象意义的名词，如value，use，help，importance，significance等，相当于该名词相对应的形容词，该名词前面可以用表程度的词加以修饰，如little，no，great，much，some等。(2)介词of后面还可接一些表示人或物属性的名词，如size，color，height，length，age，shape
35、，quality等，用来描述人或事物的属性，在句中作表语或后置定语。The book will be very valuable (value)to students of history.The book will be of great value to students of history.这本书对学历史的学生将很有用。The two rooms are the same in size.The two rooms are of the same size.这两个房间大小一样。She and I are (be)(of)the same age.她和我同龄。【阅读理解】For the
36、growing number of Chinese heading west to work and study, theres plenty they find surprising. Upon arrival in the West, many Chinese find they have to firstly put on the brakes. Li Yifeng, raised in northern China and now based in England, agrees.“The only thing Chinese people would be shocked by in
37、 Britain is how long it takes to do things，” he says. “For instance in China if you want to open a bank account, you dont wait, you just do it at the counter.” Outofhours and weekend work is standard in China, but in Britain, the weekend is for family and friends. Jack Chen, who left his homeland 12
38、 years ago and is now a lawyer in Belgium says office politics are simpler in Europe, partly because the hierarchy (等级制度) is less rigid than in China, where the boss really is the boss and social class in the office is very obvious and important. As a result, staff in a Chinese company think very ca
39、refully about how to present their views and ideas. Employees in the West can share their opinions more freely. In China you should have the wisdom to say something in an appropriate way. But in Europe you can just say what you want.The newest Chinese arrivals have a very different view to previous
40、generations, according to Sharon Jin, who moved to the US 20 years ago and is now an American citizen. “Almost 100% of people of my generation who came to the States want to get a green card，” she says. “But today younger Chinese plan to work for 10 years here and then return to China to buy a house
41、 or look after their parents.” While a record number of 523,700 students left China to study elsewhere in 2015, roughly 70%80% of students abroad have been returning in recent years because of the attractive job market at home, according to the Chinese Ministry of Education (CME)【文章大意】以前，中国人去国外都想获得绿
42、卡，而现在他们计划在国外工作十年以后，再回来买房或照顾父母。【难句分析】Jack Chen, who left his homeland 12 years ago and is now a lawyer in Belgium says office politics are simpler in Europe, partly because the hierarchy(等级制度) is less rigid than in China，where the boss really is the boss and social class in the office is very obvious
43、 and important.(第二段第一句)分析：本句含有who和where引导的定语从句以及because引导的原因状语从句。译文：十二年前离开了他的祖国现在在比利时是一名律师的Jack Chen说，办公室政治在欧洲比较简单，一部分是因为在那里等级制度没有在中国严格，在中国老板就是老板，在办公室的社会地位是明显且重要的。1What do many Chinese find surprising while in Britain? AThat they drive faster than the drivers in Britain.BThat they can open a bank ac
44、count at any time. CThat working extra hours in Britain is very common. DThat working pace in Britain is less fast than at home.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Upon arrival in the West, many Chinese find they have to firstly put on the brakes.”以及下面的例子可知，put on the brakes本意为“刹车”，用在这里表示“放慢速度”，故选D。2It can be infe
45、rred from Paragraph 2 that _. AJack Chen has been a lawyer in Belgium for 12 years Bemployees in the West show less respect for their boss. CChinese employees are cautious when presenting ideas Dpeople in Europe express themselves in a modest way答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据第二段的“In China you should have the wisd
46、om to say something in an appropriate way”可知，在中国员工发表意见时要谨慎。3According to CME, most students return to China because _.Aits hard for them to get a green cardBits easy for them to buy a house at homeCthey will have to look after their parentsDthere are more job opportunities in China答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据最后
47、一段的“roughly 70%80% of students abroad have been returning in recent years because of the attractive job market at home”可知，大多数学生选择回国发展是因为国内有更多的就业机会。4How does the writer organize the text?ABy interviewing students abroad.BBy comparing the differences.CBy discussing some facts.DBy listing some figures.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据每个段落对比的一些差异可知，应选B。 10