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1、Unit 4Sharing李仕才【短文语法填空】How do native speakers truly feel when speaking with nonnative English speakers? It seems that 1. (break) English annoys them.However, they keep being really nice when speaking with nonnative speakers.I wonder how they really feel when doing so.I think it would depend 2. the
2、native English speakers.Some people are just 3. (easy) annoyed.Personally, I study Spanish.When I hear someone 4. (attempt) English, I am patient with them because I know 5. difficult it is to talk in a nonnative tongue.I also know English is very difficult 6. (learn), and that increases my respect
3、for their efforts.Im a patient person by nature.The situation matters too.If I were waiting 7. (table) on a super crowded day and really 8. (need) to do about a dozen different things, I might become upset at having to wait for someone to struggle while ordering his meal.There also exists the 9. (po
4、ssible) that what is considered as annoyance is not true annoyance.I might frown(皱眉) while listening to a nonnative speaker, 10. that would be because I am concentrating and listening hard to understand him.It wouldnt mean Im at all annoyed.【解题导语】当一个母语是英语的人听到一个人说着蹩脚的英语时是什么感受？厌烦还是耐心倾听？本文就此问题进行了讨论。1br
5、oken解析：考查词性转换。句意：似乎蹩脚的英语让他们感到厌烦。修饰名词用形容词，故填动词break的形容词形式broken，意为“蹩脚的；不流利的”。2on/upon解析：考查介词。句意：我认为这要取决于英语为母语的人。depend on/upon是固定搭配，意为“依赖；取决于”。故填on/upon。3easily解析：考查词性转换。句意：有些人就是容易生气。设空处修饰动词，要用副词，故填easily。4attempting解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当我听到有人努力说英语时，我很耐心是因为我知道用非母语交流是多么不容易。此处为“hear宾语宾补”结构，attempt与宾语之间为逻辑上的主动
6、关系，且此处指听到有人正在努力说英语，故用现在分词作宾补。故填attempting。5how解析：考查宾语从句。句意见上一题解析。此处为感叹句用作宾语从句，用于加强语气。设空处修饰形容词difficult，故填how。6to learn解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我也知道英语很难学，那增加了我对他们的努力的尊重。在“it isadj.to do.”句型中，it是形式主语，动词不定式(短语)作真正的主语，故填to learn。7tables解析：考查名词单复数。句意：如果我正在人超级多的一天招待顾客，且真的需要做很多件不同的事情，我可能会因不得不等待在点餐时纠结不已的人而感到心烦意乱。wait
7、tables是固定短语，意为“招待顾客”。故填tables。8needed解析：考查动词的时态。句意见上一题解析。根据并列连词and可知，前后时态应该一致，故填过去式needed。9possibility解析：考查词性转换。句意：也存在这样的可能性，有些烦恼不是真的烦恼。定冠词the后接名词形式，且根据谓语动词exists可知，应填形容词possible的名词形式possibility。10but/yet解析：考查连词。句意：听非母语的讲话者说话时，我可能紧皱着眉头，但那是因为我在聚精会神地努力去听懂他。根据句意可知，前后文是转折关系。故填but/yet。adjust vi.&vt.调整；(使
8、)适合(1)adjust sth.to sth.调整以适应adjust to sth./doing sth.适应于(做)某事adjust oneself to 使自己适应于(2)adjustment n调整，调节，适应make an adjustment 作出调整(3)adjustable adj.可调整的(教材原句)The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.小屋内很黑，因此眼睛要过好一阵才能适应过来。The desks and chairs are _adjustable_ (adjust)，and you
9、can adjust them _to_ the height of the students.The _adjustment_ (adjust) is not difficult to make.桌椅是可调整的，你可以根据学生的身高进行调整。这种调整并不难。(2016江苏卷)To be exact，other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and _adjust_ (adjustment) our emotions.确切地说，别人可以拓展我们的智力并帮助我们理解和调整我们的情绪。participate vi
10、.参与，参加；分享，分担(1)participate in 参加participate with sb.in sth.与某人分担某事(2)participant n参加者，参与的人participation n参与；分享(教材原句)I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language，even though I could not participate in the conversation.我喜欢听一家人用他们的语言轻声细语地交谈，虽然我无法参与到他们的对话中去。She is an ac
11、tive _participant_ (participate) in this activity.她积极参与这项活动。There will be some games _to participate_ (participate) in.And all the _participants_ (participate) can have chances to win the game.We would be grateful for your _participation_ (participate)有一些比赛可以参加。所有参赛者都有机会赢得比赛。我们将很感激你们的参与。(2015陕西卷)The
12、 expression“parental involvement”means parents_participation/participating_ (participate) in childrens education.privilege n特权；特别优待(1)a privilege to do sth./of(doing)sth.有幸做某事have the privilege to do/of doing sth.have the right to do sth.有做某事的特权(2)privileged adj.享有特权的；荣幸的；幸运的be privileged to do sth.
13、做某事是荣幸的(教材原句)It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombes family.能与汤比一家度过一天的时间真是莫大的荣幸。It is a great privilege _to know_ (know) you.认识你真是莫大的荣幸。Ladies and gentlemen，I have the great privilege of _introducing_ (introduce) our speaker for tonight.女士们、先生们，我很荣幸地向大家介绍今晚的发言人。operate v操作，运转，开动，起作用
14、(1)operate on/upon sb.给某人动手术perform an operation on sb.operate on sb.给某人动手术have(undergo)an operation (病人)动手术operate a company/a shop 经营一家公司/开商店operate a machine/a car 操作机器/开车(2)operation n运转；手术come/go into operation 开始工作/运转；生效put/bring sth.into operation 实施/施行(教材原句)This gift covers the cost of exerc
15、ise books and textbooks for community primary schools that operate in poor or remote villages.这份礼物包含了支援贫困或偏远山村社区小学的练习本和课本的费用。When shall we put the project into _operation_ (operate)?我们何时开始实施这项工程？His father _is operating_ (operate) a big company，which _operates_ (operate) in several cities，making hig
16、h profits.In return for society，he donated much money to a patient in need，who _was operated_ (operate) on last year.他的父亲经营着一家大公司，在几个城市里运营着且盈利很高。作为对社会的回报，他为一位去年动了手术急需帮助的病人捐了一大笔钱。单句语法填空(2017天津卷)Who is responsible for the _operation_ (operate) of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers
17、and lawyers.【七选五】Are Your Clothes Causing Pollution?Very small pieces of plastic，called microfiber，are polluting rivers and oceans._1_ Clothes worn for outdoor activities and exercise are often made of artificial materials，which are useful in keeping warm.But they contain very small plastic fibers，w
18、hich may also be harming the environment when you wash them.When people wash these clothes，very small pieces go down the drain(下水道)with the wash water._2_Pollution caused by plastic is not new，but recent studies have shown the effect of microfiber on the environment.Studies show microfiber is ending
19、 up in our waters，which may come from waste water treatment factories.A 2015 study found it in fish from California.Microfibers effect on food suppliesBeyond the waterways，the researchers say microfiber may end up in soil and agricultural lands._3_ This means there is much to be learned about microf
20、iber and the environment.Some studies have shown that microfiber ends up inside sea animals，like oysters._4_ Researchers say that the fibers tend not to move into the tissue of the fish，but it needs more study.Steps to keep microfiber from the environmentUntil more information becomes known，there ar
21、e steps to take to reduce the amount of microfiber in the environment.People should use less of the artificial materials.If we already have those in our lives and were using them，an important step would be washing them less._5_ A bag is being designed in which you can wash these clothes.The bag trap
22、s the microfiber in it and it may be available for purchase soon.ANew technology may also help.BStudies on how much of the microfiber are released.CThe source of the microfiber may surprise you：your clothes.DWashing machines keep microfiber from escaping with wash water.EStudies on microfiber in the
23、 environment.FIt can also move around the atmosphere.GSo if microfiber has been found in fish and seafood，are they safe to eat?【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微纤维的来源、微纤维对环境以及食物供应的影响和减少微纤维进入环境的措施。1C由文章标题“Are Your Clothes Causing Pollution”可知，本文与衣服导致污染有关，并结合下文可知，造成污染的微纤维来自于有些用人工材料制成的衣服，故C项符合语境。2E根据文章结构可知，空处为该部分
24、小标题。空后的段落主要讲的是微纤维对环境的影响，故E项符合语境。3F结合空前一句中的“the waterways”和“in soil and agricultural lands”可知，研究人员认为微纤维可能扩散到水道，土壤和农田中，故F项“它也能在大气中移动”符合语境。4G空前一句中的“sea animals, like oysters”与G项中的“fish and seafood”相呼应，故G项符合语境。5A空后一句中的“A bag is being designed”正是A项中的“New technology”，故A项符合语境。(be)dying to do sth.渴望做某事(1)be
25、 dying for sth.渴望得到某物(2)(教材原句)I know youre dying to hear all about my life here，so Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况，我在信中附有几张照片，能够帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。She was dying/thirsty/anxious/eager _for_ a holiday to relax herself.她非常渴望一个假期来放松一下自己。Mike is e
26、ager _to stay_ (stay) away from the busy city life for a while.迈克渴望离开繁忙的城市生活一段时间。in need 在困难中；在危急中at sb.s need 在某人困难时in need/want of 需要satisfy/meet ones needs 满足某人的需要There is no need for sth.不需要某物There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事(2016江苏卷)Everyone in our society should help those _in_ need，but _it_
27、is more important to be sincere and earnest.在我们社会中所有人都应帮助那些有困难的人，但是最重要的是真挚热情。We are collecting money for families in need.To meet their _needs_ (need)，we are still _in_ need of a large sum.But we should do it in a legal way，and there is _no_ need for us to break the law.我们正在为困难的家庭筹钱。为了满足他们的需求，我们仍需要大
28、笔资金。但是我们得合法地去做，并且我们没必要去犯法。【短文改错】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2018陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测)As is often the case，when people are attending meetings
29、, having meals or waiting for buses，you can always find it addicted to their phones，completely ignore others.This is really a common phenomenon in our life.The reason is because smartphones nowadays can be used for people to play mobile games but keep in touch with friends through QQ and WeChat.Howe
30、ver，too many exposure to phones is bad for people in term of health.Moreover，people who were engaged in phones fail to communicate well those around them.As far as Im concerned，people should wise make use of their phones to help with their work and study.In addition to，they should care more about th
31、eir family members and friends rather than smartphones.【答案】As is often the case，when people are attending meetings, having meals or waiting for buses，you can always find addicted to their phones，completely others.This is really a common phenomenon in our life.The reason is smartphones nowadays can b
32、e used for people to play mobile games keep in touch with friends through QQ and WeChat.However，too exposure to phones is bad for people in of health.Moreover，people who engaged in phones fail to communicate well those around them.As far as Im concerned，people should make use of their phones to help
33、 with their work and study.In addition ，they should care more about their family members and friends rather than smartphones.第一处：it改为them。考查代词。此处表示你总是能发现他们沉溺于手机。故将it改 为them。第二处：ignore改为ignoring。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，ignore与其逻辑主语people之间是主谓关系，故将ignore改为ignoring。第三处：because改为that。考查表语从句。The reason is that.
34、是固定句型，意为“原因是”，that引导表语从句，在从句中不做成分。第四处：but改为and。考查连词。根据语境可知，该处前后是并列关系，说明手机的功能，故将but改为and。第五处：many改为much。考查限定词。exposure是不可数名词，故将many改为much。第六处：term改为terms。考查固定搭配。in terms of.为固定搭配，意为“就而言”。第七处：were改为are。考查时态。此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故将were改为are。第八处：those前加with。考查介词。固定搭配communicate with sb.意为“和某人交流”，故在those前加
35、with。第九处：wise改为wisely。考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词短语make use of，故将wise改为wisely。第十处：删除addition后的to。考查固定短语。根据语境可知，此处表示“除此之外，此外”，应用in addition来表示；in addition to是介词短语，后跟名词、代词、动词ing形式作宾语，不能单独使用。We walked for two and a half hours to get therefirst up a mountain to a ridge _from where_ we had fantastic views and then d
36、own a steep path to the valley below.我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后走下一个陡坡，一直走到下边的山谷。from where引导的定语从句修饰a ridge，在“介词关系词”型定语从句中，关系词常为which和whom，关系副词where和when之前一般不加介词，比较特殊的有from where和since when。Alice stood at the window，from _where_ she could watch her classmates playing football.艾丽斯站在窗户旁边，从那里她可
37、以观看同学们踢足球。My brother graduated from Beijing Normal University in 2001，_since_ when he has worked as a teacher in Qingdao No.2 Middle School.我哥哥于2001年从北师大毕业，从那时起他一直在青岛二中当老师。在from which中，which指代的是某个名词或代词；在from where中，where指代的是副词或介词短语。There is a small wood near our village，_from_ which we can pick many
38、 mushrooms.我们村子附近有一个小树林，我们可以从那儿采许多蘑菇。_What if_ he didnt want to see her?如果他不想见她怎么办？what if“如果将会怎样；即使又有什么关系”，为省略结构，相当于“what shall we/I do if.？”what if中what可看作是“what should sb.do(某人该怎么办)”或“what does it matter(有什么要紧)”或“what would happen(将会如何)”的省略。What for？“为什么？”相当于why?So what？那有什么了不起/有什么关系？What about.？
39、怎么样？怎么办？Guess what.？你知道吗？Whats up？Whats the matter？怎么了？_What if_ she finds out that you have lost her book?如果她发现你弄丢了她的书，怎么办？_So what_？Its my own business.那又如何？这是我自己的事情。(2015浙江卷)Hi，John.Are you busy?No.Whats _up_?喂，John有空吗？没有，怎么了？(2015天津卷改编)Jack，you seem excited.Guess _what_? I won the first prize in
40、 the English speech contest.杰克，你看起来很兴奋。猜猜看？我在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。【阅读理解】Several companies in Europe, the US and Asia have decided to change one of the processes of making chocolate and no longer roast the cacao beans. They insist that growers in Africa and South America leave them outdoors to dry naturally
41、instead. The resulting product is called “raw” chocolate. Producers claim that avoiding exposure to oven temperatures allows the preservation of nutrients such as iron, zinc, copper and vitamin CIts also claimed that uncooked cacao contains higher levels of antioxidants(抗氧化物) than roasted cacao used
42、 in most chocolate. “Over the last 10 years, consumers have become more involved in their food and drink，” says Kris McGowan, who runs the Raw Chocolate Company. “They care a lot more about its healthy qualities and chocolate is no exception.” But Martin Schweizer, professor of biochemistry at Herio
43、tWatt University, urges caution on describing raw chocolate as a super food until more research is carried out. “We have to look at this in more depth. The research is at a fairly early stage.”There are concerns that not heating them to about 150 could mean an increase in bacteria. However, producer
44、s insist that, as no animal products are involved, there is no greater risk than when dealing with vegetables such as carrots or lettuces. Jennifer Earle, a writer on chocolate, is unconvinced by it on taste grounds. “Its the quality of the cacao that makes a difference, not whether the chocolate is
45、 raw or not，” she says. “And if youre talking about health, Id rather eat some topquality ordinary chocolate and have a plate of vegetables afterwards.”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。许多生产商在制作巧克力时不再对可可豆进行加热烘干，并宣称这样做可以保护可可豆中的营养物质，但是一些研究人员对此有不同的看法。【长难句分析】However, producers insist that, as no animal products are involv
46、ed, there is no greater risk than when dealing with vegetables such as carrots or lettuces.(第五段第二句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that引导的是宾语从句，作insist的宾语；在宾语从句中含有as引导的原因状语从句。译文：然而，生产者坚持认为，因为没有涉及动物制品，所以不加热到150 时的风险与处理胡萝卜和生菜这类蔬菜时存在的风险一样小。1Chocolate bean growers in Africa _.Adry the beans outdoors naturallyBroast the b
47、eans at a low temperatureCcook the beans in pots instead of in ovensDstore the beans with uncooked vegetables答案与解析：A考查细节理解。【关键句】They insist that growers in Africa and South America leave them outdoors to dry naturally instead.(第一段第二句)译文：他们坚称非洲和南美的种植者是将可可豆放在户外自然晾干。【解题思路】根据关键句可知，非洲的可可豆种植者是将可可豆放在户外自然晾干。故选A。2Producers of raw chocolate claim that _.Ait can fight bacteriaBit is very ecofriendlyCit preserves more nutrients Dit contain