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1、专题五七选五(一)(2015东北三省四市二模) You often find somebody who works around you complaining(抱怨) all the time, dont you? _1_ About 70% of Americans say being around nonstop complainers sometimes has a bad influence on them. Luckily, here are 4 tips to help form positive patterns.1SelfawarenessWhen a negative(消极
2、的) thought pops into your mind, immediately correct it. Instead of telling yourself “Thats a nice shirt, but I cant afford it，” change the message to “That will look great with my black pants when I can afford it.” _2_Of course everyone complains sometimes. But the less frequently you complain, the
3、better you will feel.2Distance yourself_3_ Excuse yourself and go somewhere quiet, somewhere outdoors in the fresh air. Think of something pleasant before returning. You have to take this seriously because negative people can and will pull you into the quicksand.3Dont try to change complainersIf you
4、 find yourself trapped in a group of complainers in a meeting or at a social event, simply choose silence. Let their words bounce off you while you think of something else. Attempting to stop the complaining can make you a target. _4_ If someone says, “I hate Mondays; weekends are too short，” try to
5、 think, “Im glad I rested up over the weekend, so Im ready to make some improvement on that big project.”4._5_When someone is shouting at you angrily, throw the responsibility back at them by asking, “So what do you intend to do about it？” In most cases, complainers dont really want a solution(解决方法)
6、. They just want to speak them out. If you make them aware that they themselves have to find the solutions, they will leave you alone and find someone else to complain to. If so, you will be happy.AFind solutionsBChange responsibilityCYou have got a lot of company.DBy doing this, it will lead to pos
7、itive behaviors.EBut you can redirect the discussion in your own mind.FWhenever possible, escape from negative conversations.GYou will never know what they are going to talk about.文章大意：本文为说明文。主要介绍了如何应对爱抱怨的人。1C由前一句“You often find somebody who works around you complaining all the time”和后一句“About 70% o
8、f Americans say.”可知答案选C。2D根据上文change the message to “That will look great with my black pants when I can afford it”可知，这种想法会帮助我们建立积极的态度。故答案选D。3F从标题句Distance yourself和本段最后“because negative people can and will pull you into the quicksand”，可知要远离消极的人，故选F。4E根据本段最后一句的举例“ Im glad I rested up over the weeken
9、d, so Im ready to.”可知要从不同的角度思考。故答案选E。5B根据段落内容和关键句“throw the responsibility back at them by”可知答案选B。(二)(2015北京市朝阳区第一次综合练习)Virtual (虚拟)TeamsVirtual teams are a great way to enable teamwork in situations where people are not sitting in the same office at the same time._1_ This is particularly so for bus
10、inesses that use virtual teams to build global presence, or need less common skills or knowledge from people who are unwilling to travel.Virtual teams are governed by the same basic principles as traditional teams. _2_ It is the way the team members communicate. They rely on special communication ch
11、annels enabled by modern technologies, such as emails, faxes, and teleconferences, and alike. Due to more limited communication channels, the success of virtual teams is much more sensitive to the type of project the group works on, what people are selected, and how the team is managed._3_One challe
12、nging case is the projects that rely heavily on integrated work. That is to say, when each persons work depends significantly on what someone else is doing at the same moment, like in a sports team, there is an ongoing heavy exchange of information in real time, and the tasks have to go through a st
13、rict order within a short time.Not everyone can perform well in a virtual team environment. _4_Another important quality is communication skills. The team members must be able to communicate clearly and positively.Managers of virtual teams need to pay much more attention to having clear goals，perfor
14、mance standards, and communication rules. People have various assumptions on what to expect from each other._5_ One of the biggest challenges of virtual teams is building trust between the team members. Trust is important for unblocking communication between members and increasing motivation of each
15、 person in the team. The issue of trust needs special attention at any stage of team existence.AYet, there is one significant difference.BNot every type of project is suitable for a virtual team.CA virtual team can choose whatever project they like to work on.DThe members must be selfmotivated and a
16、ble to work independently.ESuch teams are now widely used by companies and organizations to cut business costs.FMembers of virtual teams communicate quite well although they never meet face to face.GTo avoid misunderstanding, clear rules that everyone understands and agrees on are necessary.文章大意：本文为
17、说明文，主要介绍了虚拟团队的含义、规则和作用。1E“这样的团队现在被企业和组织广泛采用以节约成本”。本空出现在第一段，因此很可能是对前面提出的“virtual team”这样的概念进行的进一步的解释说明。而本空后面出现的 This is particularly so for business that. 出现了代词 This线索，指代的就是前面说的“虚拟团队”的特性就是“节约成本”，E项符合题意，故选E。2A“是，两种沟通却有明显的不同”。本空后面出现的 it is the way the team members communicate.出现 it 代词指代的就是 difference，故
18、选A。3B并不是所有的项目对于“虚拟团队”都是适合的。本空后面出现的：one challenging case，是关键词，后面段落中举例：like in a sport team.更加印证了 B 选项。4D成员必须能够“自我激励”并“独当一面”。本空后面的 another important quality 说明本空应该说的是成员所具有的能力。D选项符合题意。5G为了避免误解，明确每个人都理解并接受的规则是十分必要的。前面出现的 assumption 跟 G 选项中的 misunderstanding 对应。故选G。(三)(2015北京市东城区第二学期综合练习一) Anxiety is you
19、r mental watchman. Its fixed pattern is to search for what may be about to go wrong.It continually, and without your conscious permission, scans your life, even when you are asleep, in dreams and nightmares._1_ When it finds one, it worries it. Along with depression and anger, anxiety is one of the
20、bad faces of worries. _2_ Controlled by anxiety, you will feel a lack of security and confidence. When anxiety is severe and pained, it can be a sign of a disorder, such as panic or terror. Although anxiety seems to have a biological basis, it is habitforming for many of us. Some of our anxious feel
21、ings are in fact wasted energy. Anxiety has gotten out of hand when it is pointless and repeated. When you are faced with a problem at work, before taking a test, or making an important decision, you will feel anxious. When you are controlled by anxiety, you are unable to control your emotions(情感) t
22、o the point of it changing your daily routine and habits._3_ Or you find you are usually anxious at work or around your family.At times, you should listen to the message of your negative emotions, as uncomfortable as they may be, and change your outward life rather than your emotional life. _4_ If y
23、ou are worried about the dangers of your brothers new hobby, sky diving, perhaps you ought to tell him so. Taking action may relieve your anxiety._5_By learning to stop always seeking guarantee, not only can you start to undo the automatic cycle of anxiety, but also you learn that you can manage jus
24、t fine without the need for constant guarantee. This in turn creates a sense of selfconfidence and selfrespect, which is vital to overcome anxiety. AFor these people, saying NO to others is often of much anxiety. BIt reviews your work, your love, your play, until it finds an imperfection. CComparing
25、 anxiety with depression helps to discuss possible cures for anxiety. DThese three common emotions are considered the cause of most mental illnesses. EIf that doesnt work, then its time to deal with any automatic thoughts in yourself. FIf you are anxious about the work, you might get to the office a
26、n hour earlier every day. GYou find yourself waking up anxious, going through the day anxious and going to bed anxious.文章大意：本文是说明文。该文章主要告诉我们如何摆脱焦虑这种情绪。1B根据前文的go wrong和B项中的imperfection和下文的worries判断。故选B项。2D根据前句的depression and anger, anxiety和D中的three common emotions。故选D。3G根据前句unable to control your emo
27、tions(情感)和G中的anxious判断。故G正确。4F根据前文的negative emotions, uncomfortable和change your outward life以及F中的anxious about the work, you might get to the office an hour earlier every day判断。故F正确。5E根据前文的Taking action may relieve your anxiety和下文的By learning to stop always seeking guarantee和E中deal with any automati
28、c thoughts in yourself判断。故选E。(四)(2015东北三省三校第二次联合模拟)After the popularity of the Ice Bucket Challenge, another challenge now is hot in India. Indians give rice to their poor neighbors for a charity(慈善) which is called “Rice Bucket Challenge”. _1_ It is about giving a bucket of rice to someone who is i
29、n need and taking a picture named “Rice Bucket Challenge” to share online. The aim of the activity is to help the poor and hungry people in India, and the movements Facebook page has so far clocked up more than 50,000 likes. _2_ The activity was started by Manju Latha Kalanidhi, a 38yearold journali
30、st, who thought the Ice Bucket Challenge was a little strange. She said, “Hunger is a disease anybody would connect.” The challenge has gained a lot of support with students signing up in Indian Insitute of Management, and more and more people join in it. _3_India is the worlds secondbiggest rice co
31、nsumer, with a storage of 21.2 million tons of the grains. _4_ It has suffered with mass hunger, and last year was ranked 63 of 78 countries on the International Food Policy Research Institutes global hunger index. How to participate in this activity? First, pick up a bucket of rice from your home a
32、nd give it to the neighboring people who are in need._5_ At last, invite online all your friends and ask them to take up the challenge. It is important to post back on Facebook because it will inspire all your friends to come forward. All the people get together and make a difference!ABesides, hand
33、the rice bucket over to other people who are in need.BIt is not an activity involving dumping a bucket of rice on someones head.CThe activity raises the public awareness and charitable donations to agriculture.DThe AirAsia India airline says its staff including senior management will join.EThen, tak
34、e a picture and post it on Facebook with “Rice Bucket Challenge”FBut it is far from enough for this country.GThe initial inspiration came from the ice bucket challenge.文章大意：这是一篇说明文。它讲述了“冰桶挑战”热爆全球，印度随后又出现以赠米取代淋冰水的“米桶挑战”(Rice Bucket Challenge)，希望唤起大众关注贫民挨饿的苦况。“米桶挑战”与“冰桶挑战”概念相似，但参加者不是要淋米，而是向有需要的人捐出一桶米，
35、拍下照片，再向其他人发出挑战。1B根据前后句说的是“米桶挑战”。因此这里应该补充说明“米桶挑战”。故答案选B“它不是把一桶米饭倒在某人头上的活动”。2G根据后句说这次活动是由Manu Latha Kalanidhi 发起的，因此该句应介绍这次活动起因，“这次活动最初的启发是冰桶挑战”，故选G。3D这个句子前面说“这次活动获得了许多人的支持.”，并且“more and more people join in it”，可知该句应填具体哪些人想参加，因此答案选D印度航空公司亚洲航空说它的职员包括高层管理人员也要参加。4F前句说“印度是世界上第二个最大的大米消费者.”，又根据后句说“它已经遭受了大规模
36、的饥饿。”可知该句应该是表示转折意义的句子，故选F“但是对于这个国家来说还远远不够。”5E根据前句用表示顺序的词“First，.”，后句用了“At last.”描述，因此这句应该选E，然后照张相片，发到脸谱网上，并且注明“米桶挑战”字样。(五)(2015甘肃省二诊)Many people think that they have to accept whatever life throws at them. Theyll say, “This is my fate. I cannot change it.”_1_ You dont have to suffer needlessly. Your
37、 fate depends on you, not on any other outside factors.We want to be happy and live our life to the fullest, but we have to do our share of making the effort to live the life of our dreams._2_ You just dont sit around and wait for a million dollars to fall from the sky. You have to get off the couch
38、, get your eyes off the TV screen, get your hands off the phone (unless it contributes to your success), and get your mind and body to work.If your life is not meant the way you want it to be, dont just say: “Our time will come. ” or _3_“Dont expect your luck to change, unless you do something about
39、 it.” If something goes wrong, dont just regard it as a temporary setback; but use it as feedback. Learn your lesson, make the most of the situation, and do something to solve the problem. Its not enough to think positive; you also have to act positive.If someones life is in trouble, do you just hop
40、e and pray that things will turn out fine? Of course not! _4_ So it is with your own life. It is not enough to hope for the best, but you have to DO your best. In other words, dont just stand (or sit) there. _5_AI think so.BOf course not.CYoud better let it be.DThings will get better some day.EDo so
41、mething to improve your life.FRemember that you harvest what you sow.GYouve got to do anything you can to save the person.文章大意：作者围绕提高生活阐述了积极行动的重要性和必要性，同时批判了消极、不思进取和满足现状等负面的思想。从作者的观点出发来思考，他是在建议读者积极行动，从而使生活能真正地有所改变。1B根据空前“This is my fate. I cannot change it.”和空后You dont have to suffer needlessly的描述可知答
42、案选B。2F根据后句You just dont sit around and wait for a million dollars to fall from the sky可知应是要记住种瓜得瓜，不要坐等机会，可知答案选F。3D根据后句Dont expect your luck to change, unless you do something about it.的描述可知不要等事情会变好，要积极行动。故答案选D4G根据文中前文的Of course not! 的描述可知不能看着别人的痛苦，做自己能做的事情。可知答案选G。5E根据前句In other words, dont just stan
43、d (or sit) there描述可知不要袖手旁观，要行动起来改变你的生活。由此可知答案选E。(六)(2015甘肃省部分普通高中第一次联考)Housework not good exercise, says study _1_ It even said that people who did the most housework were usually the most overweight. _2_ The contribution of domestic physical activity to meeting current recommendations for health. I
44、t questions whether activities like doityourself, gardening and housework are good exercise. _3_ But there is a danger that people incorrectly think housework is proper exercise. A total of 4,563 adults took a survey about their weekly physical activity. _4_ Researcher Professor Murphy said any phys
45、ical activity should increase the amount of calories burnt. _5_ She said housework was “inversely related to leanness”. She said this suggested that either people overestimate how hard housework was an exercise, or they eat too much because they think they have lost lots of calories doing household
46、chores.AHowever, her study found the opposite.BPeople who do housework usually eat more.CA new study says housework is not the quality exercise many people think it is.DThe research showed that people who included housework as exercise tended to be heavier. EThe study is called Does “doing housework
47、 keep you healthy”？FThey think doing exercise is of great benefit to healthy.GIt says any activity is better than none.文章大意：文章主要在讲一项新的研究表明做家务不是好的锻炼方式，并就此事进行了论证。1C从第一段第二句“It even said that people who did the most housework were usually the most overweight.”可推断出前面应为“A new study says.”。2E上文提到“A study”，
48、这里又提到所以特指用the study，并且说出这项研究的目的。3G根据下文“But there is a danger that people incorrectly think housework is proper exercise.”可知此处应选“It says any activity is better than none.”4D根据上一句“A total of 4,563 adults took a survey about their weekly physical activity.”，指做了一项调查，故此处应指出调查的结果，为“The research showed that.”。5A上一句“Researcher Professor Murphy said any physical activity should increase the amount