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1、关于英关于英语国家概况国家概况第1页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三ContentsGeography1Climate3Natural Resources4People5Major Cities2第2页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三 Watch the following map carefully and find clues to the following itemslocation(bordering neighbors)States(the smallest&the largest state)第3页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三第4页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三第5页，讲稿共79张，创作于
2、星期三第6页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三Size and LocationvIn the central part of North America(except Alaska and Hawaii)vCanada on the north vMexico and the Gulf of Mexico on the south vAtlantic Ocean on the east vPacific Ocean on the westntotal area9.5 million square kilometers;nThe whole country includes 50 states an
3、d a federal district,the District of Columbiathe seat of the Federal Government.第7页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三States voriginal 48 states vAlaska and Hawaii became the 49th in 1867 and 50th states in 1959.Alaska borders on northwestern CanadaHawaii lies in the central Pacific OceanvAlaskathe largest(1717,854 sq k
4、m)vRhode Islandthe smallest vTexasthe largest on the mainland(695,621 sq km)第8页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三1.Three Geographical DivisionsGeographical DivisionsCentral partEastern partEastern partWestern partWestern part第9页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三The Eastern PartvThe eastern partthe highlands formed by the Appalachian Range
5、(阿巴拉挈亚山系阿巴拉挈亚山系).one sixth of the national territory relatively low,with an average altitude of 800 meters above sea level 第10页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三The Western PartvHigh plateaus(高原高原)and mountainsformed by the Great Cordillera Range（科迪勒拉山系）（科迪勒拉山系）,extending from Canada through the western part of the Uni
6、ted States to Mexico and further south.One third of the countrys territoryRocky mountainswith an average altitudeof more than 3000meters above sea levels.第11页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三The Great Central Plain（中部大平原）（中部大平原）vBetween the Appalachians in the east and the Rocky Mountains in the westhalf of Americas l
7、andmass on the continentstretch from the Great Lakes in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south five great lakes and Niagara Falls第12页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三第13页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三vThe five Great Lakes:Lake Superior,Lake Michigan,Lake Huron,Lake Erie,Lake Ontario.vLake Superior:the largest freshwater lake of
8、 its kind vLake Michigan:wholly within United StatesvNiagara Falls(尼亚加拉大瀑布)第14页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三Niagara Falls-located on the U.S.Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.第15页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三vNiagara Falls第16页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三2.Main Geographical Regions New England Region(新英格兰地区新英格兰地区)The Mid-Atlan
9、tic States Region（大西洋中部地区）（大西洋中部地区）The South Region（南部地区）（南部地区）The Midwest Region（中西部地区）（中西部地区）The West Region（西部地区）（西部地区）The Region of the Great Plains(大平原地区大平原地区)Alaska(阿拉斯加地区阿拉斯加地区)Hawaii(夏威夷地区夏威夷地区)第17页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三New Englandvincluding six states in the northeastern cornervfeatured with mounta
10、ins,valleys and riversvMassachusetts:the largest populationvRhode Island:the smallest in size,the most densely populated statevNot a farming area,poor soil vEarliest settlers:English Protestants第18页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三New ENGLAND 第19页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三The Middle Atlantic RegionvSix states north:New England so
11、uth:the south regionvImportant:a.population b.1/3 products vMarked by its industry,“Industrial Northeast”,many large factoriesvRich in minerals good soil+temperate climate=agriculture is importantvMany important cities:New York,Philadelphia 第20页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三The South Region v a large section of US,
12、including 11 states v favorable climate agriculture,great profits by raising and selling cotton and tobacco vThe north:industrial(工业的工业的)the south:agrarian(农业的，土地的农业的，土地的)vgreat size with few large cities New OrleansMiamiAtlanta Birmingham第21页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三American Southern Area第22页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三The
13、 Midwest RegionvIncludes 8 statesvFertile soil abundant crops known as the countrys“breadbasket”vCenter:Chicago,Illinois,the third largest cityvSears Tower:at 443 meters,one of worlds tallest buildings第23页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三The Region of the Great PlainsvInclude 6 statesvMarked by a.the smallest populati
14、on b.few large cities c.vastness of flat land d.poor soil e.little rains in many partsvIndians are natives here.1/5 of the countrys Indians are now living in the state of Oklahoma.第24页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三The West RegionvOccupy a vast area,including 11 statesvThe area of the Rocky Mountains+all territory w
15、est to the Rocky Mountains as far as to the Pacific OceanvMountainous area:much of the land,can not be cultivated too high and mountainous too low and dryvCalifornia dominates the whole regionvPrinciple cities:San Francisco,Los Angeles and Seattle第25页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三Oregon&California第26页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三
16、AlaskavIn the northwestern part of North AmericavAs a world of glaciers(冰河冰河),waterfalls and lakes vFishing is the chief economyvmain agriculture outputseafoodvindustrial outputscrude petroleum(原油原油),natural gas,precious metals,seafood processing,timber,and tourism,etc.第27页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三Alaska第28页，讲
17、稿共79张，创作于星期三HawaiivThe climate here is comfortable and the temperature usually remains close to the average of 24 degrees centigradevHonolulu(火奴鲁鲁，檀香山火奴鲁鲁，檀香山):the capital,the largest city of the satevPearl Harborvtourist businesslargest source of income第29页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三HawaiiHawaii Dance第30页，讲稿共79
18、张，创作于星期三第31页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三3.Rivers and LakesvIn the system of Gulf:The Mississippi Riverthe longest and the most important river in the system of the Gulf(墨西哥湾水系).第32页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三vKnown as the“father of waters”to American Indians As Mark Twain was raised on the river,his most popular and important
19、 writings are concerned with this areaThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn（哈克贝利费恩历险记）tells the story of how the boy Huckleberry Finn and his black friend Jim,a runaway slave,sailed down the Mississippi on a raft.第33页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三vIn the system of the Pacific:the Columbia River and the Colorado Riverv
20、In the system of the Atlantic a.The Potomac River(波托马克河)flow through the capital,Washington b.The Hudson River(哈得孙河)linked by canals with the five Great Lakesflows through the state of New York 第34页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三ClimatevMajority:temperate Some:subtropical zones Only Florida and Hawaii:tropicalv50 ce
21、ntimeter rainfall linein the eastcomparatively more rains,so easy agriculture;in the westmuch less rain(less than 50 cm.a year)with the exception of the coastal areas along the Pacific.第35页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三Natural Resourcesvrich in mineral resources among the countries with the greatest reserves of coa
22、l,iron ore and oil.abounds in lead,copper,zinc,aluminum,rock,silver,and gold.one fourth of the territorycovered with forests which mainly concentrate upon three areas:the area along the north western coast of the Pacificthe area in the south the area in the north第36页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三Major Cities vWhen
23、talking about America,is there any city that you are familiar with?And why?第37页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三Tips:New Yorkcommercial and financial center of the United StatesWashington D.C.seat of the federal governmentLos Anglessecond largest city Chicagothe windy citySeattle;Philadelphia;San Francisco;etc.第38页，讲稿
24、共79张，创作于星期三1.New York vLocated in New York State,is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.vFive boroughsManhattan(曼哈顿),Brooklyn(布鲁克林),Bronx(布朗克斯),Richmond(里士满)and Queens(昆斯).vthe headquarter of the United Nations vBecame an important city early in the last century.A large portion
25、of the national exports passed through New York harbor.New York has become one of the worlds busiest ports and also the financial,manufacturing,and travel center of the country.第39页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三第40页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三1.1 Wall StreetvAmericas financial centervThe world famous New York Stock Exchange(纽约证券
26、交易所)is across the streetvThe symbol of American monopoly capitalism.第41页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三1.2 World Trade CentervThe tallest building in the U.S.and the worldvcomposed of two buildings,twin structures,each rising 110 stories above the citys streets&collapsed in September,11,2001.第42页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三1.3 Br
27、oadwayvBroadway is an avenue in Manhattanva symbol of the New York theatresvsurrounded by playhouses,first-run movies,night clubs,hotels and shops.第43页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三1.4 Statue of Libertyva huge sculpture vlocated on Liberty Island in New York Harborva gift from France on the centenary of American In
28、dependencevFormal name:“Liberty Enlightening the World”(照耀世界的自由女神)第44页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三vIt pictures a woman who has escaping the chains of tyranny(the broken chains lie at her feet).Libertys right hand holds a torch that is a symbol of liberty.vLiberty was designed by the French sculptor Frederic Augus
29、te Bartholdi.The statue was re-assembled in the USA and was completed on October 28,1886.vThe seven rays of Libertys crown symbolize the seven continents of the world.Liberty holds a tablet in her left hand that reads July 4,1776(in Roman numerals),Independence Day of the United States of America.第4
30、5页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三第46页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三2.Washington D.C.vLocated on the Potomac River(波托马克河)governed directly by the Federal government.vDistrict of Columbianamed after Christopher Columbusvcitynamed after George Washington,the first president of U.S.第47页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三Washington Monument第48页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期
31、三第49页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三2.1 White Housevthe official presidential residencevInside the House,there are more than 130 roomsvPortraits of all the presidents hang on the walls第50页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三第51页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三2.2 Capitol 国会大厦vThe meeting place of the United States Congress,the legislature of the federal g
32、overnment of United StatesvLocated in Washington D.C.,it sits atop Capitol Hill.第52页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三3.San FranciscoGolden Gate BridgevLocated on the central part of the California shoreline.vCenter of oil-refining,automobiles,chemicals,commerce,finance,and shipping industry.vOver 300 000 Chinese,the l
33、argest Chinese settlement in America.第53页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三4.Los Angelsvsecond largest city in the U.S.vfour times larger than San Franciscoimportant electronic center known for the manufacture of tires,automobiles and aircraft.Since the first American movie was made in Los Angeles in 1908,the city has
34、remained the film center of the United States.Hollywood is located in this city.第54页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三vHollywood the base of the film industry,is a world famous film producing center.第55页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三vThe world famous Disneyland attracts millions of tourists every year.Disneyland has been built in Cali
35、fornia,Florida,Paris,Tokyo and Hong Kong.第56页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三5.Chicagovthe windy city;second most populous city after New York.Founded in the early 1800smain connection between the east coast cities and the West.the largest industrial city in the country,with highly developed heavy and light industrie
36、sthe center of industry,transportation,commerce and finance in the Midwest area,also a culture center第57页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三Sears Tower(西尔斯大厦西尔斯大厦)vWillis Tower,still commonly referred to as Sears TowervCompletion in1973,the tallest building in the world,surpassing the World Trade Center towers in New Yo
37、rk vHeld this rank for 25 yearsvTallest building in United StatesvOne of the most popular tourist attractions in ChicagovRenamed Willis Tower in 2009第58页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三第59页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三第60页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三PeopleThe White74.7%Asians 4.3%The Black12.1%Mixed Races2.5%Native Indians&Hawaiians0.9%vThe Unit
38、ed States is the third most populous nation in the world,ranking behind China and India.According to the U.S.Census Bureau(美国人口普查局),the resident population reached a milestone on Oct.17,2006,hitting 300 million.第61页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三PopulationvUneven distributionvThe most densely populated regionthe nor
39、theastern part About one quarter of the total land area,about half of the total population.vThe Great Plainsa comparatively small population.vThe Southa population of almost 57.5 million people.v The Westnot densely populated;20%of the populationexcept for some metropolitan centers like Los Angels,a
40、nd San Francisco.第62页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三Nation of ImmigrantsvRace and ethnic groupsThe Indians The White Anglo-Saxons Protestants(WASP)The Black The HispanicsThe Asian-Americans第63页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三IndiansvAbout 10 million Indians in North America When Columbus arrived.vWestward movementthe destruction of t
41、he Indians.vToday about 2.4 million Indians About one-third of them live on reservations,land that was set-aside for them.The rest lives in cities.Poverty and unemployment are major problems,especially on the reservations.第64页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三WASPsvEuropean descendantsvWhite Anglo-Saxon Protestants who
42、 were largely responsible for the winning of Americas independence.vEnglishofficial language第65页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三The BlackvAbout 8 million black people were brought to America from Africa as slaves from 1620 to 1820.work on plantations or large farms of the South.poor and suffer from povertyvToday the
43、black account for about 12%of the population Many of them live in the South and in the cities of Northeast and Midwest.第66页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三Civil Rights MovementvSegregation laws(隔离法)in Southern states in the US prevented black and white people from sitting together in movie theatres,eating in the same
44、 restaurants,drinking from the same water fountain,etc.Although these are not Amendment(补充法案）to the US Constitution,the US government would not declare the Southern laws unconstitutional until there were cases brought in the federal courts.The civil rights movements began when black people spontaneo
45、usly protested segregation laws and created organizations to make the protests successful.第67页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三Martin Luther Kingva black ministerva great political and religious leader of the non-violent civil rights movement in 1950s.第68页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三vOn August 28,1963,he led over 250,000 Americans
46、on a march in Washington D.C.to fight for the Civil Rights Law to guarantee equality for all people,and delivered his best-known speech“I Have a Dream”before the Lincoln Memorial.vThus he was awarded the Nobel Prize for peace in 1964.But he was tragically murdered four years later.vBy vote of Congre
47、ss in 1968,the third Monday of every January is now a federal holiday in Martin Luther Kings honor.第69页，讲稿共79张，创作于星期三I Have a Dream I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed:We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal.I
48、 have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi,a state sweltering with the heat of injustice,sweltering with t
49、he heat of oppression,will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.I have a dream today!I have a dream that one day,dow
50、n in Alabama,with its vicious racists,with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification;one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.I have a dream