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1、LOGOChapter OneGeography,People Geography,People and Language and Language ContentsGeographyIPeopleIIThe English LanguageIIII Geographyv1.Geographical Featurev2.Climatev3.Major CitiesMap of the UKRead the map to find:Atlantic Ocean North SeaIrish Sea The English Channel(The Channel Tunnel)The Republ
2、ic of IrelandGeographyThe official title of the UK the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe UK is made up of:vGreat Britain(the formerly separate England and Scotland,and Wales.)vNorthern IrelandvNumerous smaller islands TitleandMakeupoftheUKLocation and territoryLocation of the U
3、K:The mainland areas lie between latitudes 49N and 61N andlongitudes 8W to 2ETotal territory:242,910 square kilometersInteresting Fact:Interesting Fact:No one in the UK lives more than 120 km(75 miles)from the sea.TopographyNorthern Ireland:Its mostly hilly.Wales:Its mostly mountainous.South Wales i
4、s less mountainous than North and Mid Wales.Scotland:Its geography is varied,with lowlands in the south and east and highlands in the north and west.England:it consists of lowland terrain,with some mountainous terrain in the north-west,north and south-west.BenNevisinScotlandthehighestpointinUKRivers
5、 and Lakesv The longest river:Severn River(354 kilometers long)v The second longest river:Thames(332 kilometers long)v The largest Lake:Lough NeaghThamesLake DistrictLake poetsI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud -William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high oer vales and hills,When al
6、l at once I saw a crowd,A host,of golden daffodils;Beside the lake,beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in
7、sprightly dance.Lake poetsThe waves beside them danced;but theyOut-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed-and gazed-but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft,when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upo
8、n that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.2.ClimateMain characteristics:Temperate,with warm summers,cold winters and plenty rainfallThree major features:vWinter fog vRainy daysvInstability/changeability 3.Major Cities LondonTh
9、e River Thamesv the capital of England and of Great Britainv the political center of the Commonwealthv a major portv one of the worlds leading banking and financial centers.Landmarks&Symbols of London The palace of WestminsterLandmarks&Symbols of LondonWestminster AbbeyBig BenLandmarks&Symbols of Lo
10、ndonSt.Pauls CathedralLandmarks&Symbols of LondonHyde ParkTower of LondonLandmarks&Symbols of LondonTower BridgeBuckingham PalaceLandmarks&Symbols of LondonLondon EyeMajor CitiesEdinburgh vCapital of Scotlandvadministrative,financial,legal,medical and insurance center of Scotlandvbeautiful scenery v
11、renowned architectureLandmarks&Symbols of EdinburghEdinburgh CastlePalace of HolyroodMajor CitiesCardiff v Europes youngest capital cityvhas been the capital city of Wales for around 50 yearsvhome to an enormous amount of urban regeneration and restoration vhas recently become one of the most fashio
12、nable cities in the United Kingdom.Landmarks&Symbols of CardiffCardiff City HallLandmarks&Symbols of CardiffMillennium StadiumCardiffCastleMajor CitiesBelfast City HallvthesecondlargestcityvcapitalofNorthernIrelandvanimportanthistoriccityLandmarks&Symbols of BelfastBelfast Castle II People Overall p
13、opulation:over 60 millionsDistribution:vEngland:about50millionvScotland:over5millionvWales:around3millionvNorthernIreland:about1.7millionEthnicityvThe majority of this population are descendents of the Anglo-Saxons vMost people in Wales and Scotland are descendents of the Celtic people vThe Irish pe
14、ople were also Celtic in originvimmigrants Percentage of total UK Population Ethinc Groups of totalvWhite British 85.7%vWhite Irish 1.2%vWhite(other)5.3%vMixed race 1.2%vIndian 1.8%vPakistani 1.3%vBengali 0.5%vOther Asian(non-Chinese)0.4%vBlack Caribbean 1.0%vBlack African 0.8%v Black(others)0.2%vCh
15、inese 0.4%vOther 0.4%III The English Languagev1.Old Englishv2.Middle Englishv3.Modern English v4.Standard English1.Old English(5th 11th)Language of Angle-SaxonsInfluenced byOldNorseLatinandGreekwordsDanishwordsBeowulfThe most famous work from the OldEnglish period is the epic poem”Beowulf”(approxima
16、tely AD 900)Hwt!We Gar-Dena in geardagum,eodcyninga,rym gefrunon,hu a elingas ellen fremedon.Oft Scyld Scefing sceaena reatum2.Middle English(11th 15th)Status French replaced English as the official language,and English became the Language of lower classbigporksheepmuttoncattlebeefDevelopment Englis
17、h increased in importance after the Black DeathThe Canterbury Tales written by Geofery Chaucer,14 the centuryWhan that Aprill,with his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote And bathed every veyne in swich licour,Of which vertu engendred is the flour;Geoffrey Chaucer3.Modern Eng
18、lish(15th)vThe printing pressbrought standardization of EnglishvSamuel Johnsons dictionaryestablished a standard form of spellingvRenaissanceassimilated foreign words throughout the Renaissance vThe Industrial Revolutionnecessitated the introduction of new words for new things and ideasvThe rise of
19、the British Empire or the Commonwealth of Nationsled to the assimilation of words from many other languagesOthelloby William Shakespeare 1603La:Tho in the trade of warre,I haue flaine men,Yet doe I hold it very ftuft of Confcience.To doe no contriud murrher;I lacke iniquity Sometimes to doe feruice:
20、nine or ten times,I had thought to haue ierkd him here,Vnder the ribbes.Oth.:Tis better as it is.Which can be translated as:La:Though in the trade of war I have slain man,Yet do I hold it very stuff o the conscience.To do no contrived murder:I lack iniquity Sometimes to do me service:nine or tem tim
21、es I had thought to have yerkd him here under the ribs.Othello:Tis better as it is.Shakespeare4.Standard English vbased on the speech of the upper class of southeastern Englandvadopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media valso called as Queens English or BBC English vbased on the London dialectvbecoming a universal Lingua Francathe world languageLOGO