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1、单元综合检测(四).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)AInourannualReadersChoiceAwardssurvey，weaskedourreaderstoratetheirfavoritecitiesintheworldforartsandculture.Thesecitiesarecentresofmusicanddance，museums，andtheatres.Herearefourofthemwhereyoucanfindinspirationinthearts，startingwiththetopspot.Rome，ItalyAtitspeak，th
2、eRomanEmpireextendedovernearlytwomillionsquaremilesoflandacrossEurope，AsiaMinorandNorthAfrica.Today，thathistoryisondisplayeverywhere.Thecitysmainattractionsarefamousnotbecauseoftouristadvertisements，butbecausetheyarereallysoimpressive.NowonderitsknownastheEternalCity：Youcouldspendforeverhereandfindn
3、ewartisticandculturaltreasureseveryday.Paris，FranceHemingwayfamouslycalledParis“amoveablefeast”，butwhereveryougowhileinthecity，thereisalwayssomethingtosee，hear，tasteorfeel.Withsome150museums，Parisdoublesasanarthistoryclass，offeringtheverybestofthedisciplineacrosscenturiesandstyles.London，TheUnitedKi
4、ngdomLondonisinspirationandsettingfortheriseofShakespeare，Dickens，OrwellandEliotandthebreedinggroundforallthoseiconic(标志性的)bands：TheKinks，TheClashandTheStones.LondonisalsoBanksysfavoritecanvas，hometomorethan1，000galleries，andthekindofpacewhereyoucanspendawholedayinasinglemuseumandstillbereadyformore
5、whenitopensthenextmorning.Vienna，AustriaAsweallknow，WesternmusicwouldbeunrecognizablewithoutAustriascapital，whichnurturedmanyfamousmusicians.ItsalsothesiteoftheViennaSecession，arevolutionaryartmovementfoundedin1897byGustavKlimt.Visitorstodaycanseethefruitsofallthatcreativityinthecitys100oddmuseums.【
6、语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了罗马、巴黎、伦敦、维也纳这四个艺术和文化城市。1WhyisRomeregardedastheEternalCity?AIthadanimportantroleinhistory.BItshistorycanbeseeneverywhere.CPeoplecaneasilyfindnewartandculture.DPeoplecanspendmoneywellthere.C细节理解题。根据文中的句子“NowonderitsknownastheEternalCity：Youcouldspendforeverhereandfindnewartistican
7、dculturaltreasureseveryday.”可知，罗马被认为是永恒之城的原因是人们很容易发现新的艺术和文化。故选C。2Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nurtured”inthelastparagraphmean?AProduced.BAffected.CAttracted.DChanged.A词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的句子“manyfamousmusicians”可知，此处表达的应该是“产生”了很多著名的音乐家。故选A。3Whichcolumncanweprobablyfindthetext?AHistory.BArt.CEducation.DLife.B推
8、理判断题。本文主要介绍了四个艺术和文化城市。所以我们可以在艺术专栏中找到这篇短文。故选B。BIlovedsportsandIdreamedofbeingastarathleteinhighschool.However，somethinghappenedononewintermorningwhenIwasplayingabasketballgameformyruralleagueteam.Iwashavingaprettygoodgame.ButthenIrememberedfallingandscreamingforhelp.Ididntknowwhatwaswrongwithme.Ilook
9、edatmyleganditseemedasifIhadbrokenit.Iwastakentothehospitalimmediatelyinanambulanceandthenwasdiagnosedwithadislocatedpatella(膝盖骨脱臼)Mypatellawasnotputbackintoplaceforafewhoursbecausethedoctorsneededtomakesurenothingelsewasdamaged.Fora16yearoldboy，itwasalottotakein.Ikeptaskingdifferentquestions，like“H
10、owdoesthisheal？”“WillIneedsurgery？”Iheadedhomelaterwithsomemedicinetorelievemypainandanappointmenttoseeadoctor.Throughmydoctorsvisit，Ilearnedthatitwasthewaymyownbodywasbuiltthatcausedmypatellatodislocate.Acombinationofthingsliketheanglesofmybody，ligaments(韧带)thatweretootightinsomeplacesandtooloosein
11、others，andthefacttherewasnogroove(凹槽)formypatellatositin.Ineededaseriesofsurgeriesand6monthphysicaltreatmenttorecover.IkeptgoingandeventuallyIwentbacktoplayingsportswithabrace(支架)on.Today，Iamfeelingmuchbetterandbothofmykneeshaveremainedhealthy.Ihavetocontinuetokeepthemstrong，though，inorderforthesurg
12、eriestocontinueworkingproperly.IcantsaythatmyconfidenceistotallybackbecauseIwillalwayshavethefearofsomethinghappening.ButIamreadytofacedifficultiesorchallengesinthefuture.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者一次打篮球时的受伤经历，以及此经历对作者今后生活产生的影响。4Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenhewasplayingbasketball?AHebrokehisleftleg.BHi
13、spatellawasoutofplace.CHisteammatefelltotheground.DHeheardascreamfromhisteammates.B细节理解题。根据第二段“.andthenwasdiagnosedwithadislocatedpatella(膝盖骨脱臼)”可知，作者在打篮球时膝盖骨脱臼了。5Whatistherealreasonfortheauthorsinjury?AHisintensesportsactivity.BHisphysicaldisadvantage.CHiscarelessbehavior.DHistightligaments.B细节理解题。
14、根据第四段“Ilearnedthatitwasthewaymyownbodywasbuiltthatcausedmypatellatodislocate.”可知，作者受伤的真正原因是自身身体的缺陷。6Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardhispresentsituation?ACareful.BHopeful.CCurious.DSatisfied.A观点态度题。根据第五段“IcantsaythatmyconfidenceistotallybackbecauseIwillalwayshavethefearofsomethinghappening.”可推断，作者对自己的处
15、境持小心谨慎的态度。7Whatisthetextmainlyabout?AAnadventuroussportingcareer.BEnthusiasmforplayingsports.CAlessonfromplayingsports.DAnincidentofplayingsports.D主旨大意题。结合本文内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者在参加体育运动时发生的一个小事故。CWhenachildischoking，itmeansthatanobjectisstuckinthetrachea(气管)Whenthishappens，aircantflownormallyintooroutofthe
16、lungs，sothechildcantbreatheproperly.Thetracheaisusuallyprotectedbytheepiglottis(会厌)Itallowsfoodtopassdownandgointoourstomachandalsopreventsfoodfromgoingdownthetrachea.Butoccasionally，theepiglottisdoesntclosefastenoughandfoodcanslipintothetrachea.Ifachildischokingandcoughingbutcanbreatheandtalk，thism
17、eanstheairwayisnotcompletelyblocked.Itsbesttodonothing.Watchthechildcarefullyandmakesureherecoverscompletely.Thechildwilllikelybefineafteragoodcoughingspell.Itcanbeuncomfortableforhim，butheisgenerallyfineafterafewseconds.Dontreachintothemouthtograbtheobjectorevenpatthechildontheback.Eitheroftheseste
18、pscouldmakethesituationworse.Sometimes，anobjectcangetintothetracheaandcompletelyblocktheairway.Ifairflowintoandoutofthelungsisblockedandthebrainisshortofoxygen，chokingcanbecomealifethreateningemergency.Achildneedshelpimmediatelyifhecantbreathe，orturnsblue.Begintheabdominalthrusts(腹部施压法)ifyouvebeentr
19、ainedtodoso.Whenapersondoesabdominalthrusts，asuddenburstofairisforcedupwardthroughthetracheafromthediaphragm(膈膜)andwilldislodgeaforeignobjectandsenditflyingupinto(orevenoutof)themouth.Allkidsareatriskofchoking，butthoseyoungerthan3areespeciallyatrisk.Youngkidstendtoputthingsintheirmouths，havesmallera
20、irwaysthatareeasilyblocked，anddonthavealotofexperiencesofchewing，sotheymightswallowwholethings.Firstaidcoursesareamustforparents，orothercaregivers.Tofindone，checkwithhospitalsandhealthdepartmentsinyourcommunity.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了儿童发生窒息的原因，以及应对窒息的处理方法。8Whatcanweknowaboutepiglottis?AItstopsfoodfro
21、mflowingintothetrachea.BItclosesassoonasweswallowfood.CItconnectsthetracheaandthelungs.DIthelpschildrenbreathesmoothly.A细节理解题。根据第一段“.andalsopreventsfoodfromgoingdownthetrachea.”可知，会厌可以阻止食物流入气管。9Whatisadvisedtodoonceachildsairwayispartlyblocked?ATolethimgetbetternaturally.BToaskhimtocoughintensely.CT
22、obeathisbackcontinuously.DTotaketheobjectoutofhismouth.A细节理解题。根据第二段“.airwayisnotcompletelyblocked.Itsbesttodonothing.”可知，当孩子气管被部分堵塞时，不需要采取任何措施，这种情况孩子可自行恢复。10Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dislodge”inParagraph4mean?APress.BRemove.CBreak.DSeparate.B词义猜测题。根据第四段中的腹部施压法的介绍以及“.andsenditflyingupinto(orevenoutof
23、)themouth.”可知，腹部施压法是通过挤压形成向上的气流把异物通过气管排出体外，此处dislodge意为“移除”。11Whydokidsundertheageof3haveagreaterriskofchoking?ATheylackfirstaidcommonsense.BTheyhaveanarrowerairway.CTheyareusedtoeatingfast.DTheyhaveagoodappetite.B细节理解题。根据第五段“.havesmallerairwaysthatareeasilyblocked”可知，三岁以下的孩子容易窒息是因为他们的气管更窄小。DThepram
24、osarehighmountainecosystemslyingbetween3，200and4，200metersabovesealevel.60%oftheirplantspeciescantbefoundinotherecosystemsintheworld.Theirplantspeciesformationtakeshundredsofthousandsofyears.ThepramosmeanalottoLatinAmerica.Thenativesettlersincludedthepramosintheirtraditionalceremonies，asagreatlyresp
25、ectedarea.TheMuiscapeopleofColombiascentralhighlandsbelievedthepramogavebirthtotheirancientmother.AMuiscachiefwassaidtohavecoveredhimselfwithgoldandthrownhimselfintoLakeGuatavita，encouragingtheconquistadores(西班牙征服者)togoonagreatgoldrushforhistreasures.DuringtheColombianWarofIndependence，SimnBolvarcro
26、ssedthePisbapramotoavoidSpanisharmy.Thepramosfeedstreams，riversandwatercatchmentareas.TheseinturnsupplywatertomajorSouthAmericancitiesincludingBogotandQuito.Thepramoshavearemarkableabilitytostorewaterthroughitsplantsanduniquegeologicalfeatures.Theyalsotakeincarbonthroughplantsandorganicmatterintheso
27、il.Humanactivitieslikemining(采矿)haveanegativeimpactonthisprocessbyreleasingcarbonstoredinthesoil，contributingtoglobalwarming.InColombia，wheremorethanhalfoftheworldspramosarelocated，thegovernmentismakingadecisiononthefutureofthesevaluableandfragileecosystemsthroughaprocessofofficiallydemarcating(给划界)
28、theirboundaries.Totrulyprotectthepramosfromirreparabledamage，itisessentialtoclearlydefinetheirterritorialboundaries.TheSanturbnpramowillsoonbecomethefirstareatobeofficiallydemarcated，accordingtogovernmentplans.WhatisurgentnowisthatColombiasDepartmentofEnvironmentshoulddemarcatetheSanturbnpramosbound
29、arybasedonthescientificprinciple.AnonoffcialorganizationAIDAistakingonlineactiontocallforthisproposal.AIDAistellingthepublicifthereareenoughpeoplesigningonitswebsitefortheplan，itllprobablyattractthegovernmentsattentionandwinabetterfuturefortheSanturbnpramo.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了pramos这一地球上独特的高寒生态系统，
30、以及人类为保护这一生态系统所做的尝试。12WhatcanwelearnaboutthepramosfromParagraph2?ATheywereoncefilledwithamassofgold.BTheywereverycommoninLatinAmerica.CTheygotbadlydamagedbySpanisharmy.DTheyinfluencedLatinAmericanhistoryandculture.D推理判断题。根据第二段的“ThepramosmeanalottoLatinAmenca.”并结合本段内容可推断，pramos生态系统影响了拉丁美洲的历史和文化。13What
31、stheroleofthepramoinpreventingglobalwarming?AIndicatingsignsofglobalwarming.BProvidingwaterforcitiesaroundit.CReservingriversandstreams.DKeepingcarboninthesoil.D细节理解题。根据第三段的“Theyalsotakeincarbonthroughplantsandorganicmatterinthesoil.”以及“.haveanegativeimpactonthisprocess.globalwarming.”可知，pramos生态系统通
32、过植物和土壤中的有机物把碳保留在土壤里来预防全球变暖。14Whydidthegovernmentplantodrawthepramosterritorialboundaries?ATobetterprotectthepramosecosystems.BTomakefulluseoftheminesinthepramos.CTodivideresponsibilityforprotectingthepramos.DTosettleterritorialconflictbetweenneighboringregions.A细节理解题。根据第四段的“Totrulyprotectthepramosfr
33、om.clearlydefinetheirterritorialboundaries.”可知，哥伦比亚政府划定pramos生态系统的边界是为了更好地保护它。15WhatisprobablyAIDAspresentwishforthepublic?ATopayavisittotheSanturbnpramo.BTofightagainstthepramosoldboundaries.CTorefusetoworkforlocalminingcompanies.DTosupporttheircauseoftheSanturbnpramoprotection.D推理判断题。根据第五段的“itllpr
34、obably.winabetterfuturefortheSanturbnpramo”可推断，AIDA希望公众支持其保护Santurbnpramo的事业。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)Haveyoueverstoppedtoconsiderhowemptytheworldwouldlookwithouttrees?Belowarefiveofthetopbenefitsthattreesprovide.16Whenadultswhoarefeelingdownspendtimeintheforest，theyfeelbetter.Foresttherapycanrang
35、efromsimplywalkingamongthetreesforacoupleofhourstomeditating(冥想)inaforest.Theadultsnotetheybecomemoreconfidentandtheirmoodimprovesafterforesttherapy.Treeshelpyouhealfaster.Naturalenvironments，includingforests，helpyoureachamorepositivestateofmind.17Infact，sickpeoplewithexposuretonaturehealfasterthant
36、hosewhodont，evenifitsjustaviewthroughawindow!Treesreduceairpollutionandimproverespiratory(呼吸的)health.Treestakeinmanyharmfulpollutantsfromourenvironment.18Theseforestsreduceanestimated670，000casesofrespiratoryillnessandsave850lives.Treesprovideoxygen.TreesarelikethelungsofourEarth.Theysupplyuswithoxy
37、genwhiletakingawayourcarbondioxideandaskfornothinginreturn.Asingletreecanprovideenoughoxygenforfourpeople.19Treescoolcities.Treescoolthindownbyofferingshadeandthroughevapotranspiration(蒸散)20Treesevensaveyoumoneyonyourelectricbill.Whenatreeoffersdirectshadeforyourhome，youlluselessairconditioning.ATre
38、escheeryouup!BTreeshelpreducetheeffectsofclimatechange.CThis，inturn，affectsyouroverallstateofwellness.DInfact，largeforestscaninfluenceregionalweatherpatterns.ESoplantmoretreesaroundyourhomeifyouwanttofeelcooler.FAndofcourse，treesalsoprovideplentyofoxygenforbirdsandotherwildlife.GForexample，intheUS，f
39、orestsremove17.4milliontonsofpollutionperyear.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了树木对人类和环境的好处。16A此空设于段首，是本段的主题句，本段主要说明人们置身树林可以调节心情。A选项说树林可以振奋精神，符合语境。17C此空设于段中，与上句存在指代关系，C选项的“This”指代上句中的“amorepositivestateofmind”，说明积极的心态对身体健康也产生影响，并通过下文所举的sickpeople的例子进一步解释说明了这一影响。18G此空设于段中，与上句存在解释关系，上句说树木可以吸收污染物，G选项进一步举例说明仅在美国，树木
40、和森林每年可消除一千七百多万吨的污染。19F此空设于段尾，与上句存在递进关系，上句说一棵树可以为四个人提供充足的氧气，F选项说树木当然也为鸟类和其它野生动物提供充足的氧气。20E此空设于段中，与上句存在因果关系，上句说树木可以通过提供阴凉和蒸散来给周围的事物降温，E选项说所以如果想更凉爽的话就在家附近多种树。.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)Therearemanyanimalswaitingpatientlyinshelterstogetadopted.Thoughwemayfallinlovewithonesweetdog，its21topayattentiontoallth
41、eloyalanimalswishingforahome.DariusBrown，anelevenyearoldboy，decidedtohelpanimalsget22andadoptedatafasterrate.DariusBrownusedhis23tocreateapositiveinfluenceafterhearingofthedisastrouseffectofHurricaneHarvey.Animalsacrossthecountrywereleft24homes，andalackofresourcesand25atanimalsheltersmeanttheydfaceeuthanasia(安乐死)Dariuswantedtoencouragepeopletoadoptthesepets，sohefoundedhisowncompany，“Beaux&Paws，”