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1、单元综合检测(五).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)AForestConservationVolunteerProgramVolunteerfortheforestconservation(森林保护)programinMadagascarandcontributetowardsprotectingoneoftheworldsmostuniqueecosystems.Studywildlifeinoneoftheworldsmostbiodiverse(生物多样的)regions.Makelifelongfriendsandreturnwithwonderfulstorie
2、s，photos，andmemories.Forestvolunteersreceivetrainingonspeciesidentification，carryingoutfieldsurveys，fixingequipmentanddatacollection.Youllbeguidedbyprofessionalconservationistsduringthisvolunteertrip.VolunteerRoles&ResponsibilitiesStudythediversityandquantityofspeciestoidentifychangesinforestdynamic
3、s(动态)，populations，habitathealthandidentifypossiblelocalizedthreats.Carryoutsurveysofthelocalmammals，birds，reptiles，andamphibiansthatexistinthesurroundingforests.MealsThreemealsperdayareprovidedsevendaysperweek.Eachmealispreparedbyouronsitecooks，usingtraditionalMalagasycookingmethods，usingfresh，local
4、lygrown，seasonallyavailableproduce.Fruitandvegetablesservedwillchangedependingontheseasonandavailabilityoflocalproduce.Cost2weeks3weeks4weeks5weeks$695$875$1，055$1，2356weeks7weeks8weeksExtraweek$1，415$1，595$1，775$180PleaseNote：Anapplicationfeeof$250ischargedoverandabovetheprogramfeeasanapplicationpa
5、yment.ProgramRequirementsTovolunteerinMadagascar，youneedtobeatleast18yearsold.Theremightbeexceptionsifyoucanprovidethepermissionofyourparentsorifyouareaccompaniedbyyourparents.Volunteersshouldbehighlyenergetic;haveapositiveattitudetomakingachange;possessacertainleveloffitness，sincetheislandlifeisnot
6、aseasyasitmightseem!【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章是为一个马达加斯加森林保护志愿者项目做广告。1Whatkindofskillwillvolunteerslearnbytakingpartinthisprogram?AHunting.BPlantingtrees.CCollectingdata.DFeedingwildlife.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Forestvolunteersreceivetrainingon.datacollection.”可知，该项目的参与者能够学习到采集数据的技能。2Whatdoweknowaboutthemealsintheprog
7、ram?ATheywillservefoodmadeoflocalproduce.BTheyprovidefixedkindsoffruitseveryday.CTheyarecookedbyvolunteersthemselves.DTheyareavailableonlyonweekdays.A细节理解题。根据Meals部分中的“Eachmealisprepared.usingfresh，locallygrown，seasonallyavailableproduce.”可知，该项目的饮食主要取材于当地。3Howmuchdoesitcostintotaltojoinina9weekfores
8、tconservationprogram?A$1，955.B$2，025.C$2，205.D$2，505.C推理判断题。根据Cost部分可知，8weeks费用为$1，775，Extraweek费用为$180，再加上另外收取的报名费$250，故参加为期九周的项目总共要花费$2，205。BGraduatingfromcollegeisdifficult，butforMorehouseCollegestudentDacavienReeves，whoisgraduatingwithajobofferfromJP.Morgan，itisamostimportanteventbeyondhiswildes
9、tdreams.TwentytwoyearoldReeveswentthroughalotevenbeforemakingittocollege.ThewholefamilybecamehomelessafterhismomTashaGrahamfellillin2012.Reevesmadeuphismindhewouldneverbeinthispositioneveragain.Hebelievedthathewascapableandhardworking，soheknewcollegewashiswaytogo.HechoseMorehouseCollege，thewellknown
10、HBCU(historicallyblackcollegesanduniversities)inAtlanta.ThestudentsatMorehouseCollegewerewelldressed.Theycouldexpressthemselvesclearly.Reevessaidhewantedtotalkanddresslikethemandhewantedtohavethoseexperiencesaswell.Reeveswasdisciplined(守纪律的)anddeterminedtofollowinthesamefootstepsoffamousalumni(校友)li
11、keMartinLutherKingJr.AndfilmmakerSpikeLee.Hebeganworkinghard，juggling(同时应付)aschedulethatinvolvedcollegeandtakingcareofhisbrothersandsistersatthesametime.Reevesexplainedthathismotherworkeduntil1：00intheearlymorningeveryday，andhewouldtakecareofhisbrothersandsistersuntilshereturned.“Thisisamodelofthegr
12、eatestblackmindsinAmerica，”saidRobertBrown，ReevesprofessorandfellowMorehousealumnus.RobertBrownwitnessedtheefforthemade，sayingReevessetatypicalexampletoeverystudentinthecollege.Aftergoingthroughallthosestruggles，Reevesismorethanpleasedtoreceivetheamazingjobofferandconsidersitareward.Inadditiontodoin
13、gwellincollege，Reevesalsoequippedhimselfwithleadershipandservice.“Dontallowyourcircumstancestodecidewhatyouare，”Reevessaid.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了无家可归的DacavienReeves历经困苦，终于从名校毕业，并获得了去摩根大通公司工作的机会。4WhathappenedtoReevesin2012?AHebecameapoorkidwithnoplacetolive.BHemadeuphismindtobealeader.CHewenttocolleg
14、eonascholarship.DHewasabandonedbyhisparents.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TwentytwoyearoldReeves.homelessafterhismom.in2012.”可知，Reeves在2012年变成了一个无家可归的孩子。5Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?AItsnevertoooldtolearnanewskill.BRespectyourself，ornooneelsewillrespectyou.CThepowerofconfidenceandexamplesisendless.DWedonot
15、knowwhatisgooduntilwehavelostit.C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Hebelievedthathewascapableandhardworking”和“followinthesamefootstepsoffamousalumni”可推断，自信和榜样的力量是无穷的。6HowdidReevesfeelaboutgettingajobofferfromJP.Morgan?AConfident.BExcited.CHopeless.DIndifferent.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“itis.beyondhiswildestdreams”和第五段“Reevesismor
16、ethanpleased”可推知，获得这份工作邀请，Reeves心情十分激动。7Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?AHealthandHardWork：TheKeytoSuccessBIsGraduatingfromaUSCollegeTrulyHard?CHomelesstoHBCU：AnInspiringStoryofaBlackBoyDHowCanaGreatTeacherMakeaSuccessfulStudent?C标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了无家可归的DacavienReeves历经重重困难，终于从名校毕业，并获得良好工作机会的故事。CWealreadykno
17、wthatexerciseisgoodforourbodiesandfightsaging.Dailyexercisefightsthelossofmusclefitnessthattendstocreepupwithage.Anditturnsoutthatithasthesamepositiveeffectsonourbrains.AstudypublishedinNeurologyClinicalPracticeexaminednearly100individualstudiesonexerciseandbrainfunction.Itdiscoveredthatexercisingfo
18、ranaverageof52hoursoversixmonthsis“relatedtoimprovedcognitive(认知的)performanceinolderadultswithandwithoutcognitivedamage.”Thetypesofexercisesthatarebeneficialincludestrengthtrainingandmindbodyexercises.AnotherstudypublishedinScientificReportsalsolookedatthelinkbetweenfitnessandcognitiveperformance，th
19、istimecontrollingcausesthatcouldmisrepresentresults，suchasbodyweight，educationandage.ThegroupofGermanscientistsbeganbystudyingalargedatabaseofMRIbrainscans(核磁共振大脑扫描)，withanaverageageof30yearsold.Asecondroundoftestinghadthevolunteerswalkasfastastheycouldfortwominutes，followedbycognitivetesting.Bothte
20、stsrevealedthatafitterbodyisassociatedwithafitterbrain.“Itsurprisedustoseethateveninayoungpopulation，cognitiveperformancedecreasesasfitnesslevelsdrop，”saidteamleaderDr.JonathanRepple.“Weknewhowthismightbeimportanttoanelderlypopulationwhichdoesnotnecessarilyhavegoodhealth，buttoseethishappeningin30yea
21、roldsissurprising.Thisleadsustobelievethatabasicleveloffitnessseemstobeapreventableriskfactorforbrainhealth.”Inpreviousstudies，neuroscientistshavelookedatthebrainactivityofyoungpeopleandcompareditwiththebrainactivityofpeopleover40.Whilecompletingcognitivetasks，youngerparticipantshadbrainactivitythat
22、washighlylocalized.Dependinguponwhattheywerethinkingabout，thescansonlylitupineithertherightorthelefthemisphere(半球)oftheirbrain.Buttheolderparticipantsusedfarmorebrainpowertocompletethesametasks.Nomattertheactivity，theoldervolunteerstendedtousebothhemispheresoftheirbrain.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过研究说明了为什么
23、运动对大脑有好处。8Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“creepup”inParagraph1mean?AFadeaway.BPausesuddenly.CAppeargradually.DChangegreatly.C词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“exerciseisgood.fightsthelossofmusclefitness”，再结合常识可知，此处意为：随着年龄增长，我们的肌肉会慢慢变得越来越不健康。9Whatcanweinferfromthetwostudies?ASixmonthsexercisecantreatcertaindiseases.BBodywei
24、ghtisalwaysirrelevanttobrainfunction.CAbouttwohoursexerciseaweekimprovesbrainfunction.DStrengthtrainingnegativelyaffectscognitiveperformance.C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“exercisingforanaverageof52hoursoversixmonths.improvedcognitiveperformance”可推知，每周大约两小时的锻炼可提升大脑功能。10Whichistherightorderoftheprocessofthesecondstu
25、dy?Comparingtwotestsresults.Askingthevolunteerstowalkfor2minutes.Testingthevolunteerscognitiveability.Studyingbrainscansofyoungpeopleonadatabase.ABCDD细节理解题。根据第三段中的“beganby.afitterbrain”可知第二个研究的过程是：先研究数据库中年轻人的大脑扫描图片，然后要求志愿者快走2分钟，接着测试这些志愿者的认知能力，最后比对两种测试结果。11Thebrainactivityofyoungerparticipantstendsto
26、_AhappeninaspecificarearelatedtothethinkingBbesimilartothatoftheolderparticipantsCshownarrowerviewsabouttheworldDbemuchmoreorganizedA细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“youngerparticipantshadbrainactivitythatwashighlylocalized.litupineithertherightortheleft.brain”可知，年轻人的大脑活动一般只发生在一个特定区域。DMostadultshavelowerlevelsofconce
27、rnaboutclimatechangethanyoungpeople.Yetitsadultswhohavethepowertoaffectthepoliciescontributingtoclimatechange.Nowanewstudyshowsthatteenagersmaybeabletoraisetheirparentsconcernsabouthumaninfluencesonclimate.Thekeyistotalkabouttheissuesandsharewhatyouvebeenlearningatschool.Foranewstudy，teachersusedane
28、wcurriculum(课程)withthestudents.Itinvolvedmorethanjustlessonsaboutclimatechange.Thestudentsalsotookpartinservicelearningprojects.Studentswroteblogpostsaboutwhattheylearnedandsharedthosepostswithothers.Thestudentsalsointerviewedtheirparents.Someonemightaskhisorherdad，forexample，whatchangeshedseeninthe
29、irhometownsweatherovertime.Theprogrammadesurestudentswouldtalktotheirparents.However，Dr.Lawson，ascientistofthestudyteam，adds，“Atnopointdidwetellkidswhattothinkorwhattosay.Thatway，kidsdidntfeelthattherewasallthisresponsibilityIputonthemtochangetheirparentsmindaboutanything.”Fifteenmiddleschoolteacher
30、shadbeendividedintoeitheroftwogroups.One，thetestgroup，gottrainingonhowtousethenewcurriculumbeforeintroducingittostudents.Teachersinthecontrolgrouptaughttheirschoolsregularlessonsonclimatechange.Theseprogramsalsolackedtheextraactivities.Lawsonsteamdividedthestudentsandtheirparentsintotwogroups，too.Th
31、eresearchersthensurveyedthekidsandtheirparentsbeforeandaftertheschoollessonsonclimatechange.Parentsandstudentsinbothgroupsshowedmoreconcernaboutclimatechangeafterthelessons.Butfamilieswherekidshadbeeninthetestgroupshowedthebiggestchanges.And，Lawsonnotes，youdontneedaspecialcurriculumtodiscussclimatei
32、ssuesathome.“Talktoyourparentsaboutwhatyouseegoingon，”shesays.“Dontbeafraidtoshareyourthoughts.Anddontfeeldiscouragedifyoudontchangeyourparentsmindsafteronechat，”sheadds.“Theimportantthingisnottogiveuphopeandbewillingtohavethoseconversations.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究表明青少年通过和家长交流在学校所学的气候知识，可以影响父母对气候的关注。
33、12Howcanyoungpeopleincreaseparentsconcernsaboutclimate?ABymakingclimatepolicies.BByshowingthemscientificfindings.CBysharingtheirknowledgewiththem.DByinvitingthemtodoresearchprojects.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thekeyistotalkabouttheissuesandsharewhatyouvebeenlearningatschool.”可知，学生可通过与家长分享他们在学校学习的知识来提升家长对气候的关注度。
34、13Whatdidthestudentsdointhenewstudy?AGavelessonsaboutclimatechange.BAttendedprojectsonservicelearning.CSharedtheirclimateblogswithparents.DInterviewedparentsabouttheirlessons.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thestudentsalsotookpartinservicelearningprojects.”可知，学生在研究中会参与服务性学习项目。14Thestudyteamavoidedteachingkidswhattos
35、ayorthinkbecause_AtheyrecognizedkidsgoodcommunicationskillsBtheydidntwanttoputtoomuchburdenonkidsCtheyhadsomedoubtsabouttheirownknowledgeDtheydidntbelievekidsinfluenceonparentsB细节理解题。根据第三段中的“kidsdidntfeelthattherewasallthisresponsibility.aboutanything”可知，研究人员不希望给孩子们增加负担，感觉改变父母的想法是他们的责任。15Whatcanwekn
36、owfromParagraph4?AParentsweresurveyedtwiceduringtheresearchprogress.BThetestgroupandthecontrolgroupshowedequalimprovement.CStudentswereputintoateamtocompeteagainsttheirparents.DTeachersinthecontrolgroupaddedextraactivitiesinthelessons.A推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Theresearchersthensurveyedthekidsandtheirparentsbe
37、foreandaftertheschoollessons”可推出，家长参与两次调查。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Phoneaddictionhasanumberofnegativeeffects.Herearesomewaystoremoveit.Inordernottolookatyourphoneassoonasyouwakeupinthemorning，placeyourphoneinanotherroomoryourcoatpocket.Thenspendatleastthefirst30minutesofyourdaybuildinggoodhabits.
38、16Studiesshowthatonaverageweusethephone50to150timesaday.17Youcoulddosomereading，doacrosswordpuzzleorevensomethingassimpleasawalkintheyardanythinghelpingyougetridofyourphoneisOK.Oneofthemainproblemswithsmartphonesisthatyouworryifyoudontcheckyourphoneregularly，youmaymissoutonsomethingimportant，suchasi
39、nvitationstoeventsorworkemails.18Whensomeonehassomethingimportanttotellyou，theymaygiveyouacall.Therefore，itisnecessarytostayawayfromyourphonesometimes.Whatsgoingonintherealworld，rightinfrontofyou，isalmostalwaysmoreimportantthanwhatishappeningonline.Putawayyourphonewhenyouarewithsomeoneimportant.19Fo
40、rexample，havingdinnerwithfriendswillbecomeawkwardwhenyoualwayscheckyourphone.20Thatisbecausebeingaddictedtothephonebeforegoingtobedgreatlyinfluencesyoursleep.Thiscanharmyourphysicalandmentalhealthinthelongrun.Therefore，makeitaruletostopusingyourphoneanhourbeforeyougotosleep.AAskyourfriendsorfamilyfo
41、rhelp.BHowever，itisalmostneverthecase.CYoursmartphonehasalmosteverytoolthatyouneed.DSoyoushoulddosomethingmeaningfultoavoidlookingatit.EAgoodrestshouldbemoreimportantthanyourphoneatnight.FThiscouldbeexerciselikeamorningrunorcookingagoodbreakfast.GManyrelationshipshavesufferedbecauseofouraddictiontothephone.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何克服手机上瘾的几种方法。16F该空位于段尾，与前一句内容存在解释关系和指代关系，F项中的this指buildinggoodhabits，此句对前面的内容作进一步的解释说明。故选F。