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1、1-2-UNIT 4 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY素养导航导航 主题语境人与社会科学与技术TheylikeusingtheInternet.Theyhavelotsofpocketmoneytospend.Andtheyspendahigherpartofitonlinethantherestofus.Teenagersarejustthepeopleanonlinesellerisinterestedin,andthethingstheywanttobuygames,CDsandclothingareeasilysoldontheWeb.Butpayingonlineisat
2、rickybusinessforconsumerswhoaretooyoungtoowncreditcards.Mosthavetouseaparentscard.Theywanttobeallowedtospendmoney.Thatmaycomesoonerthantheythink:newwaystotakepocketmoneyintocyberspacearecomingoutrapidlyonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.Ifsuccessful,theseproductscanencourageonlinesales.Ingeneral,teenagersspen
3、dhugeamounts:$53billionintheUSlastyearand20billioneveryyearintheUK.MostteenagerscansurftheInternetathomeoratschool88percentintheUS,69percentintheUK.AccordingtotheJupiterResearch,oneineightofthosewithInternetaccesshasboughtsomethingonlinemainlyCDsandbooks.Inmostcases,parentspayforthesepurchaseswithcr
4、editcards,anarrangementthatisoftenunsatisfactoryforthemandtheirchildren.Pressingparentstospendonlineislessproductivethanpressingonthehighstreet.Theyaremorelikelytoask“Why?”ifyouasktospendsomemoneyonline.OnewaytohelpteenagerschangenotesandcoinsintocybercashisthroughprepaidcardssuchasInternetCashinthe
5、USandSmartCardsintheUK.Similartothoseforpay-as-you-gomobiletelephones,theyaresoldinamountssuchas20or$50withahidden14-digitnumberthatcanbeusedtoloadthecashintoanonlineaccount.词海拾贝trickyadj.狡猾的;机警的unsatisfactoryadj.不令人满意的productiveadj.有效益的;富有成效的prepaidcards预付卡典句欣赏Similartothoseforpay-as-you-gomobilete
6、lephones,theyaresoldinamountssuchas20or$50withahidden14-digitnumberthatcanbeusedtoloadthecashintoanonlineaccount.译文:类似于预付费的移动电话,它们(预付卡)的售价是20英镑或50美元,有一个隐藏的14位数字可用于将现金存入在线账户。分析:本句的主干是theyaresoldinamountssuchas20or$50withahidden14-digitnumber,thatcanbeusedtoloadthecashintoanonlineaccount是定语从句。Similart
7、othoseforpay-as-you-gomobiletelephones作状语。探究思辨Whatdoyouthinkofonlineshopping?答案:Ontheonehand,onlineshoppingisaconvenientwaytobuythings.Itistime-saving,andyouhavemorechoices.Ontheotherhand,therearesomedisadvantages.First,youcannottouchtheitem,soitmaybedifferentfromwhatyouget;youmayfallforthetricksofo
8、nlineshops.Besides,payingonlineisnotalwayssafe.-9-Section ATOPIC TALK&LESSON 1.知识体系图解 重点词汇1.superadj.2.self-focusedadj.3.indeedadv.4.downloadvt.5.avatarn.6.imagen.7.fancyadj.8.identityn.9.instantadj.10.sexn.极好的,了不起的以自我为中心的;关注自我的确实;当然下载(网络上代表个人的)头像,虚拟替身,图标图像;形象花哨的;别致的身份;特征即时的;立刻的,马上的性别11.blogn.vt.12.
9、hairstylen.13.typevi.&vt.n.14.virtualadj.15.vt.使可能,使发生16.n.方便,便利17.n.效应;影响18.n.影响;作用19.adj.对着迷的;沉迷的20.vt.探究;探讨;探险21.n.个性,性格adj.个人的;私人的22.vi.&vt.承认博客;网络日志发表博客发型,发式打;打字类型,种类虚拟的;模拟的enableconvenienceeffectimpactaddictedexplorepersonalitypersonaladmit23.n.闹钟24.vt.欺骗,诱骗,哄骗25.n.多样化,变化26.n.创造力;独创性vt.创造27.ad
10、j.朴素实用的;明智的,合理的28.adv.显而易见地,明显地adj.明显的29.vi.&vt.做实验,进行试验n.实验30.adv.现今,现时31.n.供选择的同类物品;选择32.n.担忧,忧虑vt.与有关;使担心33.vt.欺骗;欺诈34.vt.看,把视为alarmtrickvarietycreativitycreatesensibleobviouslyobviousexperimentnowadaysselectionconcerncheatview重点短语1.instantmessenger2.moreorless3.experimentwith4.actlike5.沉迷6.各种各样的
11、7.期待重点句式Thesedigitalidentities,knownasavatars,areakeypartofhowpeopleusetheInternettocommunicateandexpressthemselves.重点语法 过去将来时即时通信或多或少用做实验表现得像beaddictedtoavarietyoflookforwardto.阅读导学A.匹配段落大意。Para.1.A.Attitudestowardsavatarsdiffer.Para.2.B.Peoplecanuseavatarstoexpressthemselves.Para.3.C.Avatarsrepres
12、entthepersonalitiesoftheusers.Para.4.D.Thereareavarietyofavatarsforuserstochoose.Para.5.E.AnavatarisadigitalimagethatrepresentsanInternetuser.Para.6.F.Firstappearinginthe1980s,avatarshadbeenusedinwebchatsbythelate1990s.答案:Para.1.EPara.2.FPara.3.BPara.4.CPara.5.DPara.6.AB.阅读pp.8-9文章,选出最佳答案。1.Whichoft
13、hefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A.Avatarscanexpressadifferentself.B.Peoplemayhavenomorethanoneavatar.D.Peoplemaychooseafriendlyavatarforwork.C.Peopleusuallychooseasillyavatarformeetingpeople.2.Ifyouravatarisalaughingmonkey,itusuallyshows.A.youareaninterestingpersonB.youlikerelaxingandhavingfu
14、nC.youaretall,youngandnice-lookingD.youhavesimilarpersonalitiesasmonkeys答案:A答案:A3.Whyaresomepeopleworriedaboutavatars?A.Avatarsmayactlikearealperson.B.Avatarsmaybringarisktotheirusers.C.Usersmayusedifferentavatarstocheatonline.D.Avatarsmaybeafraidofmeetingpeopleintherealworld.答案:C.阅读下列句子,体会并注明画线部分的时
15、态和用法 1.LiMingsaidthatyouwouldbehappyifyouheardfromme.2.EveryeveningMrWangwouldgoandtalkwithhisstudents.3.Ididntknowifshewouldcome.4.HetoldmethathewouldgoonatriptoBeijingthenextday.5.Mymothertoldmeshewouldgoshopping.6.Hesaidthathewasgoingtohaveawalkwithhismother.时态:用法:答案:时态:过去将来时用法:表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的动作
16、或存在的状态。重点词汇1.enablebettercommunication/enablespeopletocommunicatebetter能促进更好地沟通/使人们能够更好地沟通(教材p.6)【词汇精讲】句中的enable为able的动词形式,意为“使可能,使发生;使能够”。Theconferencewillenablegreaterinternationalco-operation.这次会议能进一步促进国际间的合作。【词汇拓展】(1)相似词语(2)enablesth促成某事enablesbtodosth使某人能够做某事ableadj.有能力的;能够abilityn.能力theability
17、todosth做某事的能力Thiskindofsoftwareenablesyoutodownloadafilminseconds.这种软件使你在几秒钟内便可下载一部电影。Thenewprogrammeenablesolderpeopletostudyatcollege.这项新计划使老年人有机会在大学学习。2.provideconvenience.提供方便(教材p.6)【词汇精讲】句中的convenience用作不可数名词,意为“方便,便利”。可作可数名词,意为“有用、有益或适宜的安排、用具或设施”。Forconvenience,heboughtahousenearhissonsschool.
18、为了方便,他在儿子的学校附近买了一栋房子。Comebytopickmeupatyourconvenience.在你方便的时候,请来接我。【词汇拓展】(1)forconvenience为方便起见atonesconvenience在某人方便的时候(2)convenientadj.方便的inconvenientadj.不方便的beconvenientforsb/sth对是方便的Itisconvenientforsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是方便的。Thesecretaryarrangedaconvenienttimeandplacefortheapplicantstohaveaninterv
19、iew.秘书为求职者安排了一个方便的时间和地点进行面试。Willitbeconvenientforyoutostartworktomorrow?你明天开始工作方便吗?3.Effects效应;影响(教材p.6)【词汇精讲】effect在此处为名词,意为“效应;影响”。Itriedtopersuadehim,butwithlittleeffect.我试图说服他,但却无济于事。Doesthemedicinehaveanysideeffects?这药有什么副作用吗?Whatparentssayanddohasagreateffectonchildren.父母的言行对孩子影响很大。【词汇拓展】(1)ef
20、fect近义词:impact(2)haveasideeffecton.对有副作用havenoeffecton.对没有影响havea(n).effecton.对有的影响withouteffect/ofnoeffect无效sideeffect副作用(3)effectiveadj.有效的affectv.影响;感动Themedicineisaneffectivecureforaheadache.这药治头痛疗效很好。Youropinionwillnotaffectmydecision.你的意见不会影响我的决定。4.makesusaddictedtoit使得我们对它上瘾(教材p.6)【词汇精讲】addic
21、ted在本句中用作形容词,意为“对上瘾”;常用于短语“beaddictedto”中,意为“沉迷于”。Shesaysshesunabletogiveupsmoking;shescompletelyaddicted.她说她无法戒烟,已经完全上瘾了。Hissonisaddictedtoplayingcomputergames.他的儿子玩计算机游戏上瘾了。【词汇拓展】addictn.对入迷的人;吸毒成瘾的人Heisavideogameaddict.他是个电子游戏迷。5.Ilikereadingnewsonmyphone.Doyouhaveanyrecommendation?我喜欢在手机上看新闻。你有什
22、么建议吗?(教材p.99)【词汇精讲】recommendation用作名词,本句中意为“推荐,建议”,有时候还可以表示“推荐信,推荐书”的含义。Ihadtheoperationontherecommendationofmydoctor.我根据医生的建议做了手术。Iwrotehimagoodrecommendation.我为他写了一封很好的推荐信。【词汇拓展】(1)ononesrecommendation根据某人的建议/推荐(2)recommendvt.推荐,介绍;建议,劝告recommendsthtosb向某人推荐某物recommendsbtodosth=recommend(that)sb(s
23、hould)dosth建议某人做某事recommenddoingsth建议做某事Wechosethehotelontheirrecommendation.我们根据他们的推荐选了这家酒店。IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,whichmyclassmatesrecommendedtome.上周我从图书馆借了福尔摩斯探案集,这本书是我同学推荐给我的。Irecommendthathe(should)seeadoctor.=Irecommendhimtoseeadoctor.我建议他去看医生。Herecommendedreading
24、thebookbeforeseeingthefilm.他建议看电影前先读这本书。6.Iusedifferentavatarsindifferentgamesandthisisreallycoolbecausetheyletmeexploredifferentpersonalities.我在不同的游戏中使用不同的虚拟形象,这很酷,因为它们让我探究不同的个性。(教材p.99)【词汇精讲】explore在本句中用作动词,意为“探究”,explore还可以表示“探索,探险”的意思。Thebestwaytoexploreacityisonfoot.探索一个城市最好的方法是步行。Humanshavebee
25、nexploringspacesinceancienttime.人们从远古以来就在探索太空。Theexplorersareexploringforoilinthearea.勘探者正在这个地区勘探石油。【词汇拓展】(1)explorefor勘探(2)explorern.探险者;勘探员explorationn.勘探;探索TheNorthSeahasbeenanimportantcentreforoilexploration.北海已成为重要的石油勘探中心。7.Well,Iadmitit.好吧,这一点我承认。(教材p.99)【词汇精讲】在本句中,admit用作及物动词,意为“承认”,admit有时还可
26、以表示“准许进入(或加入)”的含义。Finallythethiefadmitted(to)stealingthevaluablepainting.Finallythethiefadmitted(to)havingstolenthevaluablepainting.Finallythethiefadmittedthathehadstolenthevaluablepainting.最后窃贼承认他偷了那幅贵重的画。Eachticketadmitstwopeopleto/intotheparty.每张票准许两人参加聚会。Onlyathleteswhohavereachedtheagreedstanda
27、rdfortheireventwillbeadmittedascompetitors.只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才能参加比赛。【词汇拓展】(1)admit(to)doingsth/admit(to)havingdonesth承认做某事beadmittedinto/to被允许进入(2)admit的过去式和过去分词为admitted(3)admissionn.承认;入场费;允许进入Iviewedhersilenceasanadmissionofguilt.我认为她的沉默表示认罪。Thechargeforadmissionis$5.门票的费用是5美元。Admissiontouniversi
28、tiesdependsonexaminationresults.大学录取取决于考试的成绩。8.SoIdownloadedanappcalled“AlarmClock”.所以我下载了一个叫作“闹钟”的应用程序。(教材p.99)【词汇精讲】alarm在本句中用作名词,意为“闹钟”,alarm还可以表示“警报器;警报;恐慌”。用作动词表示“使害怕;使警觉”。Hesetthealarmclockat6oclock.他把闹钟定在六点钟。Acaralarmwentoffinthemiddleofthenight.半夜汽车报警器响了。Shefeltagrowingsenseofalarmwhenhedidn
29、treturnthatnight.他那天晚上没回来,她越来越感到惊慌。Thesuddennoisealarmedhim.突然的噪音使他惊慌。【词汇拓展】alarmingadj.惊人的;使人惊恐的alarmedadj.害怕的;担心的Thesereportsareextremelyalarming.这些报道极其让人惊恐。Shewasalarmedattheprospectoftravellingalone.她一想到独自出行的情景就害怕。9.totrickothers为了欺骗别人(教材p.8)【词汇精讲】trick在本句中意为“欺骗;诱骗,哄骗”;除此之外,trick也可用作名词,意为“诀窍;窍门;
30、恶作剧”。Trickortreat.不给糖果就捣乱。(万圣节用语)PeopleplaytricksoneachotheronAprilFoolsDay.愚人节时人们互相开玩笑。【词汇拓展】tricksboutofsth欺骗某人某物tricksbintodoingsth欺骗某人去做某事playatrick/tricksonsb和某人开玩笑Theoldmanwastrickedoutofallhismoney.那个老人的钱都被骗走了。Iwastrickedintobelievinghisstory.我被欺骗,相信了他的故事。10.Yet,veryfewpeopleknewthatfutureava
31、tarswouldhavesuchawidevarietyofformsanduses.然而,很少有人知道未来的虚拟形象会有这样广泛的形式和用处。(教材p.9)【词汇精讲】在本句中,variety意为“多样化”,avarietyof意为“各种各样的”。Applescomeinmanyvarieties.苹果的种类繁多。Thisisararevarietyofroses.这是玫瑰的一个稀有品种。Weallneedvarietyinourfood.我们的饮食需要多样化。【词汇拓展】variousadj.各种各样的varyvt.变化;使不同varyinsth在方面不同varywith.随而变化var
32、yfrom.to.从到变化Therearetentsinvariousshapesandsizes.这儿有各种形状和型号的帐篷。Pricesofvegetablesvarywithseasons.蔬菜的价格随季节而变化。11.Inmostwebchats,peoplechooseanavatarfromaselectionofready-madeimages,orcreatetheirownimages.在大多数网络聊天中,人们从现成的形象中选择一个虚拟形象或者创造自己的形象。(教材p.9)【词汇精讲】在本句中,selection用作名词,意为“供选择的同类物品”,selection还可以表示
33、“选择”的含义。Welefttheselectionoftheteamtothecaptain.我们把挑选队员的工作交给了队长。Theshophasafineselectionofgifts.那家商店有各种礼品可供选购。【词汇拓展】selectvt.选择;挑选Heselectedhisfavouritepoemandrecitedtous.他挑选了自己最喜欢的诗背给我们听。Heselectedateamforthespecialtask.他为这项特殊任务挑选了一组人马。12.Theuseofavatarshasalsocausedafewconcerns.虚拟形象的使用也引起了一些担忧。(教材
34、p.9)【词汇精讲】在本句中,concern用作名词,意为“担忧,忧虑”;concern还可用作动词,意为“与有关;使担心”。Astheworldspopulationcontinuestogrow,moreandmorepeopleshowconcernforthesupplyoffood.随着世界人口的持续增加,食物供应越来越受人们关注。MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmentofficials,willbeproducedtoraisepeoplesconcernoverfoodsafety.据政府官员表示,更多的电视节目将会被制作来提高人们对于食品安全的
35、关注。Thismeetingconcernsallofyou.这次会议涉及你们所有的人。Hisdiseaseconcernedhisparents.他的病让他的父母很担心。【词汇拓展】showconcernfor对关注asfarassb/sthbeconcerned就而言;在看来beconcernedabout/forsth担心;关心beconcernedtodosth认为做某事重要concerningprep.关于AsfarasImconcerned,heissuretokeephispromise.在我看来,他一定会遵守诺言。Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedab
36、outtheenvironmentwheretheylive.目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。Heaskedseveralquestionsconcerningthefutureofthecompany.他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。13.Theuseofseveralavatarscanalsobearisk,aspeoplecanuseavatarstocheatothersonline.使用几个虚拟形象也有风险,因为人们可以利用它们在网上行骗。(教材p.9)【词汇精讲】cheat在本句中用作动词,意为“欺骗”;除此之外,cheat还可表示“作弊”;还可用作名词,意为“骗子;欺骗行为”。
37、Anyway,Icantcheathimitsagainstmyprinciples.无论如何我都不能骗他;这有违我的原则。Iwouldratherfailthancheatintheexamination.我宁愿考不及格,也不愿意考试作弊。Dontbelievehim;heisacheat.不要相信他;他是个骗子。Yourcheatwillsoonerorlaterbefoundout.你的欺骗行为迟早会暴露的。【词汇拓展】cheatsb(out)ofsth阻止某人得到某物(尤指用不诚实或不正当的手段)cheat的近义词是trickTheycheatedhimoutofhisshareoft
38、heprofits.他们施展伎俩,不让他获得他的那份利润。14.However,otherusersviewavatarsinamorepositivelight.然而,其他用户则以更积极的角度看待虚拟形象。(教材p.9)【词汇精讲】在本句中,view用作动词,意为“看待;视为”。view用作动词还可以表示“观看”的意思。也可用作名词,意为“视野;景色;看法”。Thousandsoftouristscometoviewthegardenseveryyear.每年有成千上万的游客来参观这些花园。Iwantaroomwithaseaview.我想要一间海景房。Whatareyourviewsonf
39、reeeducation?你对义务教育有什么看法?【词汇拓展】view.as.把视为beviewedas被视为inviewof鉴于;由于inonesview在某人看来get/haveagoodviewof.观看视野很好Iviewedherasmybestfriend.我把她当成我最好的朋友。Fromthetopofthetoweryouwillhaveagoodviewofthecity.从塔顶看这个城市视野很好。【微写作】JaneElizabethisborninthecountrysideofEnglandwheretheviewisamazing.Atthattimemarryingwe
40、llisviewedastheonlygoalofgirls.However,theviewofElizabethisdifferentandshelovesreadingandmarrieslovefinally.ThisisthebriefstoryofPrideandPrejudice,whichisviewedasagreatworkandstillviewedbypeopleallovertheworld,notonlythebook,butalsothefilm.简伊丽莎白出生于英格兰的乡村,那里风景如画。在那个时期,嫁得好被看作是女孩唯一的目标。然而,伊丽莎白有不同的观点。她喜欢
41、读书,最终嫁给了爱情。这就是傲慢与偏见的故事简介。这本书被认为是一部伟大的作品,现在全世界的人们还在看这部作品,不仅仅是书,还有电影。重点句式Thesedigitalidentities,knownasavatars,areakeypartofhowpeopleusetheInternettocommunicateandexpressthemselves.这些数字身份被称为虚拟替身,是人们使用互联网交流和表达自己的重要部分。(教材p.8)【句式剖析】knownasavatars在此句中作后置定语,前后都有逗号,其意义相当于一个非限制性定语从句,可改为Thesedigitalidentities
42、,whichareknownasavatars,areakeypartofhowpeopleusetheInternettocommunicateandexpressthemselves.Themeeting,attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedtheChinesedelegation.他们举行了欢迎中国代表团的大会,到会的有5千多人。【句式拓展】若过去分词短语作后置定语且前后没有逗号时,则相当于一个限制性定语从句。Theshipbatteredbythestormcreptintotheharbour.被暴风雨击打的那只船慢慢驶入港口。=Thes
43、hipwhich/thatwasbatteredbythestormcreptintotheharbour.Theconcertgivenbythesymphonyorchestrawasagreatsuccess.该交响乐团举行的音乐会大为成功。=Theconcertwhich/thatwasgivenbythesymphonyorchestrawasagreatsuccess.重点语法过去将来时一、构成would+动词原形;was/weregoingtodo二、用法1.表示从过去某时看将来要发生的事情。Hesaidthathewouldcometopayyouavisit.他说他要来拜访你
44、。Shehopedthattheywouldmeetagainsomeday.她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。2.表示过去的某种习惯性行为,只用would。Wheneverwehadtrouble,hewouldcometohelpus.每当我们遇到困难,他总会给予帮助。WhenIwasyoung,IwouldlistentotheradioforawholedaywheneverIwasnotinthemood.我年轻的时候,每当心情不好时就会听一整天的收音机。三、表示过去将来时的几种结构1.was/weregoingtodo表示准备、计划做某事,或将要发生某事Therewasgoingtob
45、eathunderstorm.将要有雷雨。Iwasgoingtoinvitehertotheparty.我要邀请她去派对。例句比较:Hewasgoingtoleavewhenyouarrived.他正要离开,突然你到了。(正要)Hewasgoingtocomelastnight,butitrained.他本打算昨天晚上来的,但是因下雨没有来。(打算做某事,但是没实现)2.was/wereabouttodo表示“正要,即将”Shewasabouttobesenttoaseasidetown.她正要被派往一座海滨小城。Hewasabouttosaysomethingmore,andthenstop
46、ped.他还想说几句,却又止住了。3.was/wereduetodo表示“定于(某时做某事)”HewasduetograduateinJuly.他将于七月份毕业。Theshipwasduetoleaveatmid-night.船定于午夜起航。4.go,come,leave,takeoff等少数动词可用过去进行时,表示过去将要发生的情况TheysaidtheywereleavingforEgyptsoon.他们说他们不久就要动身去埃及。ShetoldhermotherthatshewasgoingtoaballwithJim.她告诉母亲,她要同吉姆一起去参加舞会。Alotofmyfriendsw
47、erecomingtowatchthefireworks.我的很多朋友要来观看烟花。Weweretoldthattheplanewastakingoffintenminutes.我们被告知飞机十分钟后就要起飞了。.语法专练1.LiMingsaidhe(be)happyifBriancametoChinanextmonth.答案:wouldbe2.Jennysaidshe(spend)herholidayinChina.答案:wouldspend3.Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?Hetoldmethathe(visit)theDisneyWorldthenextday
48、.答案:wouldvisit4.IhopedTina(come)tomybirthdaypartyontimethenextWednesday.答案:wouldcome5.Fathersaidthathe(take)metoBeijingthenextyear.答案:wouldtake6.Wewerenotsurewhethertheyweregoing(grow)morevegetables.答案:togrow7.Shewasabout(go)toworkwhenthetelephonerang.答案:togo8.Thescientistssaidtheworldspopulation(sl
49、ow)downinthefuture.答案:wouldslow9.Iwastoldthatthepressconference(hold)thenextday.答案:wouldbeheld/wastobeheld10.LastSundayhepromisedhe(come)buthehasntarriveduntilnow.答案:wouldcome.课文语篇填空Whenyouareonline,youcanbeanyoneoranything.Youcancreateyourownimageandanewpersonality.Thesedigitalidentities,1.(know)as
50、avatars,2.(be)akeypartofhowpeopleusetheInternettocommunicateandexpressthemselves.Thefirstsimple2Davatarsappearedinrole-playingcomputergamesin3.1980s.Yet,veryfewpeopleknewthatfutureavatarswouldhavesuchawide4.(various)offormsanduses.5.thelate1990s,theyhadbeenusedinwebchats.Whenpeoplestartedcreatingthe