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4、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,学习目标,朗读课文，整体感知文意，了解四季的雨的不同特点。（重点） 了解作者写景的角度，学习作者在细致观察的基础上展开联想和想象来写景、状物、抒情的方法。（难点） 体会作者对“雨”寄托的思想感情，感悟大自然的美好，培养热爱自然、热爱生活的思想感情。（难点）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
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6、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,作者名片,刘湛秋，1935年出生，安徽芜湖人，著名诗人、翻译家、评论家，被誉为“抒情诗之王”。他的作品清新空灵，富有现代意识，手法新颖洒脱，立足于表现感觉和情绪，既面对生活，又超越时空。,代表作有写在早春的信笺上温暖的情思生命的快乐等。,背景链接,本文选自散文1989年第4期。略有改动。刘湛秋认为，现代生活使人们“活得很累”，他提倡“轻诗歌”“轻松散文”“轻松的生活方式”，主张“以轻对重，以轻对累”，于己“既不受名利之累，也不为劣境所苦”，也就是以平常心看待荣华富贵与利害得失，心似如水明镜，淡化貌似严肃、正经的说教所带来
7、的僵化、刻板、不近人情的生活方式。他的抒情散文雨的四季正是这种思想意识下的产物。,字词学习,生难字,花苞（ ） 萌发（ ） 绿茵茵（ ） 娇媚（ ） 棱镜（ ） 诱惑（ ） 粗犷（ ） 睫毛（ ） 痒嗦嗦（ ） 衣裳（ ） 掩饰（ ） 浆汁（ ） 蝉（ ） 铃铛（ ） 端庄（ ）,bo,mn,yn,mi,ln,hu,un,ji,su,shn,sh,jin,chn,dn,dun,静谧（ ） 屋檐（ ） 高邈（ ） 凄冷（ ） 化妆（ ） 莅临（ ） 造访（ ） 吝啬（ ） 淅沥（ ） 冷冽（ ） 干涩（ ） 漾出（ ） 咄咄逼人（ ） 草垛（ ） 池畦（ ）,m,yn,mio,q,zhun,l,
8、fn,ln s,x l,li,s,yn,du,du,q,多音字,（ ）棱镜 （ ）扑棱 （ ）穆棱,棱,ln,ln,（ ）降临 （ ）投降,（ ）山脉（ ）脉脉含情,降,脉,jin,xin,mi,m,ln,（ ）无数 （ ）数落 （ ）数见不鲜,数,sh,sh,shu,词语集注,高邈：高而远。邈，遥远。 造访：拜访。多用于书面。 掩饰：没法掩盖（真实的情况）。 吝啬：过分爱惜自己的财物，不舍得给别人，也不舍得自己用。 咄咄逼人：形容气势汹汹、盛气凌人。,整体感知,阅读课文，理清文章层次。,第一部分（）：直抒胸臆，总写对雨的感受喜欢。 第二部分（）：文章主体，具体描绘不同季节雨的形象和特点。 第
9、三部分（、）：直抒胸臆，抒发对雨的爱恋、赞美之情。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
10、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,课文解读,我喜欢雨，无论什么季节的雨，我都喜欢。她给我的形象和记忆，永远是美的。,说说这一段在文中的作用。,在内容上，开篇点题，直抒胸臆，抒发了对雨的喜爱之情，奠定全文的感情基调；在结构上，总领全文，引起下文。,研读第二部分
11、：,诵读全文，分析四季的雨各有什么特点？,春雨： 美丽而娇媚 夏雨： 热烈而粗犷 秋雨： 端庄而沉静 冬雨： 自然而平静,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
12、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,春雨：,春雨有什么特点，给整个大地带来了什么变化？,春雨绵绵,娇媚,柔软,透明,改变姿容,在这一段中，作者没有直接描绘春雨，而是写万物经雨洗淋后的情态，这
13、样写有什么好处？,侧面描写，通过写万物经雨洗淋后的情态，间接地写出了春雨给万物带来的勃勃生机，侧面烘托了春雨清新、润泽、甜美和娇媚的特点。,夏雨：,文章的第段中“别有一番风情”指的是哪些方面？,夏天的雨没有预告，说下就下；光头浇雨，更有滋味；一切不掩饰地敞开，花朵、树叶、杂草争先恐后地成长；暑气被吸收；雨声、蝉声、蛙鼓一起奏起了夏天雨的交响曲。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
14、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
15、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,秋雨：,当田野染上一层金黄，各种各样的果实摇着铃铛的时候，雨，似乎也像出嫁生了孩子的妇人，显得端庄而又沉静了。,拟人：把“雨” 比作“出嫁生了孩子的妇人”，表现了秋雨“端庄而又沉静”的特点。,如何理解作者把秋雨比作“出嫁生了孩子的妇人，显得端庄而又沉静”？,实际上，自然界的秋风秋雨只是一种自然现象，文人们的情感或悲或喜，都是他们的主观感受。本文作者运用比喻的修辞手法，将秋雨放在了一个成熟、金黄的背景中，写她的悄然而至，写她带给人们的一脉悠远的情思，突出了秋雨的纯净与端庄，写出了作者对于秋雨的独特感受。,冬雨：,第段写冬雨，
16、为什么先从讨厌雨写起？这样写有什么好处？,欲扬先抑，为更好地表现冬雨的自然而平静做铺垫，对比中更能突出对冬雨的赞美。,“但这时候，雨已经化了妆，它经常变成美丽的雪花，飘然莅临人间”一句运用了什么修辞手法？试简要赏析。,运用拟人的修辞手法。“化了妆”，写出了雨的美丽与妩媚；“飘然莅临”赋予冬雨以人的情态，写出了它变成雪花后美丽轻盈的特点，表现了雨降临的动态美。表达了作者对冬雨的喜爱之情。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
17、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
18、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,研读第三部分：,啊，雨，我爱恋的雨啊，你一年四季常在我的眼前流动，你给我的生命带来活跃，你给我的感情带来滋润，你给我的思想带来流动。只有在雨中，我才真正感到这世界是活的，是有欢乐和泪水的。,排比：运用排比句式抒发情感，充分表达了对雨的热爱之情。,上文写雨，多用“她”或“它”指称，为何在第段改成“你”？,这里将第三人称改换为第二人称，如同和雨面对面交谈，便于直抒胸臆。作者将“雨”拟人化，使之亲切可感。人称的变化使雨的形象更加亲切自然，能更直接地表达作者对雨的喜爱之情。,深入探究,1.
19、本文对景物的描写具有画面美，作者是怎样用生动细腻的笔调把景物描写得分外美丽、分外灵动的？,首先，作者抓住四季雨的特征，运用比喻、拟人的修辞手法，赋予四季的雨以人的情感特征，使文章增添了许多魅力，生动形象地刻画出了雨在不同季节里的形象和特点。把四季之雨写得“容貌”有别、“性情”各异，表现了作者对自然、对生命的热爱。,其次，作者以诗一般的语言去描绘雨在春夏秋冬的不同画面，生动而典雅，尤其注意语言的变化，且不重复繁琐。如在写四季的雨，在点明季节时特别注意其变化。写春雨，直接入题“春天”；写夏雨，“而夏天，就更是别有一番风情了”；写秋雨，“当田野染上一层金黄，各种各样的果实摇着铃铛的时候”；写冬雨，“
20、也许，到冬天来临”既与上文联系紧密，又毫无拖沓之感。,同时，作者在对雨的描写过程中，调动了我们的视觉、听觉、嗅觉和触觉等各种感观，让我们全面感受这四季的雨，体会雨所带来的各种奇妙感觉。如把水珠子比作娇媚的“少女的眼泪”，把水雾比作“丝帘”，形象而鲜活。,2.作者是诗人，本文处处流露出诗的美感、诗的激情。从课文哪些地方可以读出浓郁的诗意来？,文章描写了许多充满诗意美的形象，有很多生动、细致的描写。如“树叶开始闪出黄青，花苞轻轻地在风中摆动”，写出了色彩和动态，形象感强；又如“水珠子从花苞里滴下来，比少女的眼泪还娇媚”，就像特写镜头，聚集到花苞上的雨滴；,“小草似乎像复苏的蚯蚓一样翻动，发出一种春
21、天才能听到的沙沙声”，诉诸读者听觉；“黎明提前敲着窗户”，“地上的光亮比天上还亮”，写得非常精准，都是生活经验的反映。,文章抒情性很强，充满了诗的感觉和感情。如“每一棵树仿佛都睁开特别明亮的眼睛”，就是饱含着感情写成的语句，在写景中显出深情；“呼吸变得畅快”，也是情感的显露。直接抒情的语句也比比皆是，尤其是最后两段，似乎不能自己，激情高涨，喷发而出。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
22、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
23、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,结构梳理,春雨图娇媚 美丽 夏雨图热烈 粗犷 秋雨图端庄 沉静 冬雨图自然 平静,绘雨,赞雨美丽爱恋,喜雨美喜欢,雨的四季,由衷喜爱 热情赞美,艺术特色,1.条理清晰，结构完整。 本文属于典型的“总分总”结构。先开门见山，总写作者对雨的感受：“我喜欢雨，无论什么季节的雨，我都喜欢。”接着具体描绘不同季节雨的特点：春雨的清新甜美、夏雨的热烈粗犷、秋雨的端庄沉静、冬雨的自然平静。,最后两段中“啊，雨，我爱恋的雨啊”“啊，总是美丽而使人爱恋的雨啊”等句直抒胸臆，抒发了作者对雨的赞美、爱恋之情，总结全文，深化主旨，并照应文题
24、。全文结构非常完整，条理十分清晰。,2.描写形象生动，充满诗意。 本文多处运用了比喻、拟人等修辞手法来表现景物特征，语言形象生动，充满诗意。如“小草似乎像复苏的蚯蚓一样翻动，发出一种春天才能听到的沙沙声”“雨变得更轻，也更深情了，水声在屋檐下，水花在窗玻璃上，会陪伴着你的夜梦”,“远远地望过去，收割过的田野变得很亮，没有叶的枝干、淋着雨的草垛，对着瓷色的天空，像一幅干净利落的木刻”等句子，运用比喻、拟人的修辞手法，从听觉、视觉等角度把不同季节的雨表现得形象生动，使文章流露出诗的美感和韵味。,拓展迁移,古诗词中“雨的四季”,春雨：,好雨知时节，当春乃发生。随风潜入夜，润物细无声。（杜甫春夜喜雨）
25、 沾衣欲湿杏花雨，吹面不寒杨柳风。（志南绝句） 小楼一夜听春雨，深巷明朝卖杏花。（陆游临安春雨初霁）,夏雨：,黄梅时节家家雨，青草池塘处处蛙。（赵师秀约客） 天外黑风吹海立，浙东飞雨过江来。（苏轼有美堂暴雨） 七八个星天外，两三点雨山前。（辛弃疾西江月夜行黄沙道中）,秋雨：,空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。（王维山居秋暝） 君问归期未有期，巴山夜雨涨秋池。（李商隐夜雨寄北） 寒潭映白月，秋雨上青苔。（刘长卿游休禅师双峰寺）,冬雨（冬雪）：,夜深知雪重，时闻折竹声。（白居易夜雪） 晨起开门雪满山，雪晴云淡日光寒。（郑燮山中雪后）,课后作业,根据本文所学习的细节描绘的方法，展开联想与想象，描写一幅你所想象的雨后的情景，不少于300字。,