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1、,4 古代诗歌四首,沾衣欲湿杏花雨，吹面不寒杨柳风。,新课导入,接天莲叶无穷碧， 映日荷花别样红。,停车坐爱枫林晚， 霜叶红于二月花。,观沧海,曹 操,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
2、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
3、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,学习目标,了解诗人的相关信息及写作背景；了解古代诗歌的有关常识，有感情地朗读并背诵课文。（重点） 理解诗歌内容，领悟诗歌意境，品味赏析诗句，学习借景抒情的写法。（难点） 体会诗人的博大胸怀，激发为理想而奋斗的豪情壮志。（重点）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
4、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
5、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,曹操（155220），字孟德，沛国谯县（今安徽亳州）人。东汉末年杰出的政治家、军事家、诗人。其诗气势雄浑，慷慨悲壮，是文学史上建安文学的开创者。,代表作有：蒿里行观沧海龟虽寿短歌行等。,作者名片,本诗选选自曹操集（中华书
6、局2012年版），这是曹操诗步出夏门行的第一章，是曹操北征乌桓得胜回师途中所作。公元207年，曹操亲率大军北上追歼袁绍残部。大战之后，身为主帅的曹操，登上当年秦皇汉武也曾登过的碣石山，又当秋风萧瑟之际，他的心情像沧海一样难以平静。他将自己宏伟的抱负、阔大的胸襟融汇到诗歌里，借着大海的形象表现出来，写下了这首壮丽的诗篇。,背景链接,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
7、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
8、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,乐府诗 乐府是自秦代以来设立的配置乐曲、训练乐工和采集民歌的专门官署，汉乐府指由汉时乐府机关所采制的诗歌。这些诗，原本在汉族民间流传，经由乐府保存下来，汉人叫作“歌诗”，魏晋时始称“乐府”或“汉乐府”。,文体知识,后世文人仿此形式所作的诗，亦称“乐府诗”。它是继诗经楚
9、辞后兴起的一种新诗体。孔雀东南飞与木兰诗合称“乐府双璧”。汉代孔雀东南飞、北朝木兰诗和唐代韦庄的秦妇吟并称“乐府三绝”。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
10、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
11、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,观沧海 东临碣石，以观沧海。 水何澹澹，山岛竦峙。,到达，登上,多么,dn,水波荡漾的样子,sn zh,耸立,课文解读,ji,【译文】向东登上碣石山，来观赏苍茫的大海。海面浩渺，水波荡漾，山岛高高地耸立着。,树木丛生，百草丰茂。 秋风萧瑟，洪波涌起。,形容风吹树木的声音,巨大的波浪,【译文】岛上的树木，一丛丛生长着，各种草木长势丰茂繁密。水面上吹起萧瑟的秋风，波澜壮阔的海水不断涌起。,s,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
12、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
13、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,日月之行，若出其中； 星汉灿烂，若出其里。 幸甚至哉，歌以咏志。,像,它，指沧海,银河
14、,【译文】太阳和月亮昼夜不停地运行，好像是从大海里升起的；天上的银河星光璀璨，好像也是从这大海里产生出来的。幸运得很，好极了。就用这首歌来表达（我的）志向。,幸运得很，好极了。,1.开头交代了什么内容？,开篇点题，交代观海的地点。“观”字统领全篇，是诗的线索，以下皆由“观”字展开，写登山观海所见。,2.第二句诗是诗人从哪一角度观看到的情形？ 写出了大海怎样的状态？,是诗人从碣石山往下观看到的沧海的情形。在视觉上突出远观的景物，动静结合，海水动荡为动景，山岛耸立为静景。相互映衬，从大处落笔，着力渲染出大海那种雄浑辽阔的气势。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
15、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
16、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,3.作者写“树木”“百草”有什么作用？,用山岛上的“树木”“百草”来点
17、染、烘托大海，衬托大海的生机勃勃、欣欣向荣。,“日月之行若出其里。”这四句在写法上有何特点？表达了诗人怎样的思想感情？,这四句话写的是虚景，是诗人的主观感受，并非登临所见。诗人以沧海自比，借助奇特的想象，通过写大海吞吐日月星辰的气势，来表现自己宽广的胸怀和豪迈的气魄，含蓄地表达了诗人渴望统一中原、建功立业的远大抱负。,诗以言志，曹操是如何借助诗句来抒发他的豪情壮志的？试简要分析。,诗人的抱负在诗中没有直接表露，而是蕴藏在对景物的描写当中。全诗意境开阔，气势雄浑，字里行间洋溢着饱满的激情。写景的十句中，前六句写的是实景，后四句写的是虚景，实景给人以身临其境之感，虚景以其新奇激发读者的想象，表现出
18、诗人宽广的胸怀和豪迈的气概。,虚写 （博大胸襟）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
19、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
20、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,日月出其中 星汉出其里,海水：水何澹澹,实写 （壮丽景象）,总领全诗：东临碣石，以观沧海,观沧海,建功立业 统一中原,山岛,树木丛生,百草丰茂,海波：洪波涌起,结构梳理,1.寓情于景，情景交融。 这首诗中，景与情是紧密结合的。作者通过写沧海，抒发抱负。但这种感情在诗歌中并没有直接表露，而是把它蕴藏在对景物的描写当中，“水何涌起”六句虽是在描写大海生机勃勃的景象，但透露出的是作者对壮丽山河的热爱，这景象更加激起了诗人要统一中原的强烈愿望。融情于景，句句写景，又是句句抒情。,艺术特色,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
21、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
22、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.意境开阔，气势雄浑。 面对迷人的海上风光，诗人展开了丰富奇特
23、的想象。以沧海自比，将运行不息的日月和星光灿烂的银河都包蕴在这其中，表现诗人自己宽广的胸怀和豪迈的气概，感情奔放。这既是全诗的高潮，也创造了一个极其开阔的意境，又给人雄浑苍劲的感受。给诗歌增添了积极的浪漫主义色彩。,闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄,李 白,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
24、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
25、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,学习目标,了解李白的相关信息及诗歌写作背景，熟读并背诵全诗。（重点） 理解诗歌内容，领悟诗歌意境，学习情景交融、客观景物人格化的写法。（难点） 体会诗人对友人的同情和关切之情，珍惜朋友之间纯真的友谊。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
26、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
27、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,李白（701762），字太白，号青莲居士，唐代浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。,作者名片,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
28、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
29、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,李白的诗歌既表现出藐视权贵的傲岸精神，又善于描绘壮丽的自
30、然景色，表达对祖国山河的热爱，其诗构思奇特、情感强烈，意境奇伟瑰丽，语言清新明快，风格飘逸豪放，达到盛唐诗歌艺术的巅峰。与杜甫并称“李杜”。 代表作有望庐山瀑布行路难蜀道难将进酒等。,本诗选自李白集校注卷十三（上海古籍出版社1980年版）。该诗是诗人因好友王昌龄被贬官而作。王昌龄，唐代诗人，以写边塞题材著称，尤擅七绝。据新唐书文艺传载，王昌龄左迁龙标县尉，是因为“不护细行”，也就是说，他的贬官只是由于不拘小节。李白在天宝八年（749）春天，在扬州听到了王昌龄被贬的消息，十分担忧，并深感不平和悲伤，便题诗抒怀，写下了这首充满同情和关切的诗篇，遥寄给远方的友人。,背景链接,状元成才路,状元成才路,
31、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
32、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄
33、 杨花落尽子规啼，闻道龙标过五溪。,降职,即布谷鸟，又称“杜鹃”,【译文】柳絮已落尽，杜鹃鸟声声哀啼。听说你被贬到龙标去了，一路上要经过五条溪流。,课文解读,我寄愁心与明月，随君直到夜郎西。,【译文】我把为你而忧愁的心，托付给天上的明月，让它伴随着你，一直走到那夜郎的西边。,杨花落尽子规啼,杨花飘落、子规啼叫，既点明了时令，又含有飘零之感、离别之恨，融情于景。以悲景衬托离情，表现出诗人对王昌龄被贬的关切与同情。,首句的景物描写有什么作用？,闻道龙标过五溪,作者直叙其事，深感不平。“龙标”指代王昌龄，表现出诗人对好友旅途艰辛、贬所荒远的深切同情。,简要赏析诗这句诗。,我寄愁心与明月，随君直到夜郎
34、西。,诗人借助想象将一片真情托予“明月”，赋予明月以人的思想感情和行为动作，表达了诗人对友人的牵挂与同情，意境深远，情真意切。,这两句写了些什么？表现了诗人怎样的感情？,“杨花”“子规”在诗中象征什么？诗人为什么要写“杨花落”“子规啼”？,象征飘零之感和离别之痛。 点明特定时令，渲染（烘托）飘零流落之感，奠定全诗伤感的感情基调。,杨花：漂泊无定 子规：暗含悲痛,写景,抒情,闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄,同情关切 感情真挚,愁心托明月牵挂思念,结构梳理,叙事,左迁贬谪之远,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
35、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
36、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.借景抒情，情景交融。 此诗前两句先写景后叙事，选取漂泊不定的“杨花”和啼叫悲凄的杜鹃这两个意象，营造出一种哀伤悲凉的氛围，隐
37、含着诗人对友人被贬的同情和悲伤。后两句转而叙事，用跋涉五溪说明路途遥远和艰难，暗含着诗人对友人此行的深切挂念之情。,艺术特色,2.想象新奇，飘逸豪放。 后两句抒情，想象奇特。人隔两地，难以相伴，而月照中天，千里可共，所以诗人通过丰富的想象，把明月当作使者，能够而且愿意接受自己的要求，将自己对友人的怀念和同情带到遥远的夜郎之西，交给那不幸的迁谪者，想象惊人，气概超逸，笔势灵动，充分显示出李白的艺术个性。,次北固山下,王 湾,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
38、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
39、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,学习目标,反复诵读，能背诵并默写全诗，理解诗歌内容。（重点） 品味诗歌精练的语言，学习诗歌情景交融的写法。（难点） 感悟诗人的思乡之情，培养热爱家乡的情感。（重点）,王湾，生
40、卒年不详，洛阳（今属河南）人，唐代诗人。玄宗先天年间（712-713）进士，曾参与编撰群书四部录，书成之后，因功授任洛阳尉。,作者名片,本诗选自全唐诗卷一百一十五（上海古籍出版社1986年版）。王湾作为开元初年的北方诗人，往来于吴楚间，被江南清丽山水所倾倒，并受到当时吴中诗人清秀诗风的影响，写下了一些歌咏江南山水的作品。本诗就是其中最为著名的一篇。,背景链接,王湾此次出行，应是经镇江到江南一带去。诗人舟行至北固山下，目睹潮平岸阔，残夜归雁，触发了心中无限的思乡之情，于是吟成了这首诗。据说当朝宰相张说就对此诗极为赞赏，并亲自书写悬挂于宰相政事堂上，让文人学士作为学习的典范。,律诗 发源于南朝齐永
41、明时沈约等讲究声律、对偶的新体诗，至初唐沈佺期、宋之问等进一步发展定型，盛行于唐宋时期。律诗每首八句，分为首联、颔联、颈联和尾联。二、四、六、八句押韵，三四两句、五六两句对偶，字的平仄有定规。按照每句的字数，主要有五言律诗和七言律诗两种。,文体知识,次北固山下 客路青山外，行舟绿水前。 潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬。,旅人前行的路,北固山,潮水涨得与岸齐平,风顺而和,挂,【译文】旅人前行的路在北固山之外，行舟在碧绿的江水之中。潮水涨满，两岸与江水齐平，整个江面十分开阔，和风顺江吹来，一船帆高高挂起。,课文解读,海日生残夜，江春入旧年。,从海上升起的红日,升起,夜将尽未尽之时,【译文】夜还未消尽，红日
42、已从海上升起，江上春早，旧年未过新春已来。,进入，降临,乡书何处达，归雁洛阳边。,寄回故乡的书信,到，送到,北归的大雁,【译文】思念故乡的书信，送到什么地方呢？希望北归的大雁捎一封家书到洛阳。,诗句赏析,客路青山外，行舟绿水前。,先写“客路”而后写“行舟”，漂泊羁旅之情流露于字里行间，与尾联的“乡书”“归雁”遥相照应。“青山”“绿水”互文见义，开笔清新自然，寓情于景，暗含旅途奔波之意。,潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬。,颔联哪些字用得巧妙？试简要赏析。,“平”“阔”“正”“悬”四字用得巧妙。潮平才显得宽阔，“阔”是表现潮平的结果。春潮涌涨，江水浩渺之势便如在眼前；“平”“阔”使诗句之景显得恢弘阔大。,
43、“风正”，“帆”才有悬空的感觉，“悬”是端直地高挂着的样子。诗人不用“风顺”而用“风正”，是因为光“风顺”还不足以保证“一帆悬”，只有既是“顺”风，又是“和”风，帆才能够“悬”，一个“正”字，兼有“顺”与“和”的内容，写出了小船在江面上顺风前行的样子。,海日生残夜，江春入旧年。,颈联表达了怎样的哲理？试简要品析。,颈联既写景又点明了时令，蕴含着新旧更替是自然规律，旧事物孕育新事物，新事物必将取代旧事物的哲理。,作者从炼意着眼，把“日”与“春”作为新生的美好事物的象征，并且用“生”字和“入” 字使之拟人化，赋予它们以人的意志和情思。作者无意说理，却在描写景物、节令之中，蕴含着一种自然的道理：海日
44、生于残夜，将驱尽黑暗；江上景物所表现的“春意”闯入旧年，将赶走严冬。不仅写景逼真，叙事确切，而且表现出具有普遍意义的生活真理，给人以乐观、积极、向上的艺术鼓舞力量。,乡书何处达，归雁洛阳边。,尾联抒发了作者怎样的感情？采用了什么表现手法？,尾联运用典故，抒发了作者对故乡的思念之情。作者见北归的大雁掠过晴空，便借“鸿雁传书”来慰藉家人，使全诗笼罩在一层淡淡的乡愁之中。,客路：青山外 绿水前,次北固山下,时序更替 游子思乡,结构梳理,观景,思乡：北归大雁 捎书洛阳,潮平岸阔 风正帆悬,海日残夜 江春旧年,1.立意新颖，构思巧妙。 该诗写景中蕴含着丰富的哲理，尤其是“海日生残夜，江春入旧年”一联，运
45、用拟人的手法，将“日”和“春”人格化，赋予它们人的意志和情思，在描写景物、节令之中，却蕴含着一种时序交替的自然理趣，表现了作者乐观、积极、向上的思想感情，给人以激励。,艺术特色,2.借物抒情，意蕴丰富。 尾联诗人借物抒情，借助“鸿雁传书”的故事，自然地抒发出对故乡的思念之情。“乡书”“归雁”这些具有强烈思念意味的词语，表现出作者浓浓的思乡之情。,天净沙秋思,马致远,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
46、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
47、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,学习目标,了解作者及元曲的文学常识，流利地朗读并背诵这首小令。（重点） 感悟“秋思”的意境，学习借景抒情的写作手法。（难点） 体会诗人的思乡之情，培养热爱家乡的情感。,马致远（约12511321以后），号东篱，一说字千里。大都（今北
48、京）人，元代戏曲作家、散曲家。有“文场曲状元”之称。与关汉卿、郑光祖、白朴并称“元代杂剧四大家”。汉宫秋青衫泪等是其代表作。,作者名片,这首小令选自全元散曲（中华书局1981年版）。这是马致远旅途漂泊时的作品之一。马致远仕途不如意，长期漂泊，足迹所到之处，总有聚散依依的哀婉，而这种哀婉又与他对国家的哀伤联结在一起。这首小令情调虽然低沉，但却反映了当时的时代气氛，具有一定的社会意义。,背景链接,元曲 我国古代诗歌在不同的历史时期有不同的体式，如唐诗、宋词、元曲。元曲是继唐诗宋词后兴起的一种艺术形式，是一种新的诗体，包括杂剧和散曲两部分。散曲又分小令和套数。,文体知识,小令在元代又名“叶儿”，每首
49、能独立，相当于一首诗或一阕词；由于它是能歌唱的文字，所以就有不同的曲调；每个曲调都有一个名称，叫曲牌，表示不同的谱式，规定小令的字数、句数、平仄、韵脚；通常一首小令一个曲牌，但也有例外的；曲牌表示曲调，小令另有题目。,天净沙秋思 枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道 西风瘦马。夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。,黄昏时将要回巢的乌鸦,已经废弃，不堪再用的古老驿道（路）,秋风,形容悲伤到极点,课文解读,天边，指远离家乡的地方,【文意】 干枯的藤蔓（缠绕的）老树上（栖息着）黄昏时将要回巢的乌鸦，小桥下流动着（潺潺的）溪水，近处坐落着几处人家。古旧的道路上，萧瑟的秋风中，走来一匹疲惫不堪的瘦马。夕阳早已从西方落下，思家怀乡的漂泊人还远在天涯。,第一句写了哪个季节的景物？有何作用？,深秋。渲染了一种萧瑟、凄冷的氛围，见秋末之景，动游子思乡之情。,试简要分析诗歌前三句写法的妙处。,运用白描手法，将九种景物纳入一个画面，且用表现各自特征的修饰语，使景物带上了鲜明的个性，生动地描绘出一幅苍茫悲凉的深秋晚景图，渲染了萧瑟、荒