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1、 中国文化通览教学大纲 杨敏 一、 总体规划1时间：本课程共在18周内分36个课时完成，不包括复习考试的时间。2教师：分别由杨敏、王恒展、贾磊授课，具体分工如下：第一章 杨敏 第1 第 3 周：6课时第二章 王恒展 第4周 。第三章 王恒展 第5周第四章 王恒展 第6周第五章 杨敏 第7 第9周第六章 贾磊 第10 11周第七章 杨敏 第12 14 周第八章 贾磊 第 15 第16周第九章 贾磊 第 17 18周 3 教材及其它教学资源：中国传统文化通览杨敏、王克奇、王恒展等编写， 中国海洋大学出版社，2003年； 或中国文化通览杨敏、王克奇、王恒展等编写，高等教育出版社， 2006年；其它教
2、学资源：中国文化通览光盘；中国文化通览 课件补充材料。 4授课对象：外国语学院三年级外语专业学生，包括英语本科学生与专升本学生。 5 环境条件：多媒体教室 ；自由式座次排列6授课途径：非精读式授课；视听；讨论；面对面交谈；课外阅读与写作作业 二、 教学目的本课程旨在引导学生把握优秀的中国文化的精神，产生对于中国文化的热爱与浓厚兴趣，大致了解中国概况及中国文化的历史沿革、中国人的传统世界观、价值观和思维模式、中国文化中的宝贵遗产、主要次文化的基本内容等。三、 授课框架1 授课目的：见各章教案2 学生分析：见各章教案3 时间、教材及其它教学资源、环境条件、授课途径：见各章教案4 环境条件与授课途径
3、：见各章教案5 方式与原则：见各章教案6 实施细则：见各章教案四、 授课内容1 主题： 第一章：a) 地理环境和经济结构The geographical surroundings and the economic structure of the Chinese cultureb) 中国文化的历史发展The historical development of the Chinese culture c) 中国人的传统世界观、价值观和思维模式The traditional worldview, values and mode of thinking of the Chinese people d
4、) 以儒、道两家为基干的古代思想文化The ancient Chinese thought 第二章：a) 历史故事Chinese historical tales b) 神话Myths c) 寓言Fables d)民间传说 Folklores 第三章：a) 古代文化名人Eminent personnel in the ancient times b)近现代文化名人Eminent personnel in the modern times 第四章：a) 中国文化名著Masterpieces b)中国文化名篇Well-known literary pieces第五章：a)四书五经The Four
5、Books and The Five Classics b)京剧与地方戏曲 Beijing Opera and local operas c)中国书画 Chinese painting and calligraphy d)生活中的文化符号 Cultural tokens in daily life 第六章：a)民间工艺 Folk handicraft b)民间游艺 Folk performance and Entertainment c)民间竞技 Folk sports 第七章：a) 饮食文化The dietetic culture b) 酒文化The wine culture c) 茶文化T
6、he tea culture d) 姓氏文化The name culture e) 节日文化The festival culture第八章：a) 古城古迹Ancient cities and historical sites b) 景点景观Famous scenic spots c) 名山Famous Mountains d)河流湖泊 Famous rivers and lakes 第九章：a) 传统建筑风格Ancient architectural styles b)著名传统建筑 Famous ancient constructions c) 园林及其特色Chinese gardening
7、2 活动 a) 两人一组讨论以下话题。Discuss in pairs about the following topics. 1) 中国传统文化和现代文化的主要特点。The general traits of the ancient and modern Chinese culture 2) 理性的求和谐主平衡世界观的消极积极方面。The positive and negative aspects of the rational world outlook seeking for harmony and maintaining equilibrium b) 汉译英。Translate the
8、 following terms into English. 1) 游牧部落 / 疆域 / 抑商 / 封建主经济 2）宗法制的 / 炎黄子孙 / 礼仪之邦 / 大一统经济 3）和谐平衡 / 天人合一 / 中庸 / 内圣外王 / 齐家治国平天下 4）汉代经学 / 禅宗思想 / 玄学 / 无为而治 / 佛学 / 超越平凡 c) 请向外宾介绍下列话题。Introduce the following Chinese cultural topics to foreign visitors to China. 1) 中国的地理环境The geographic condition of China 2) 秦
9、始皇The First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty 3) 儒学Confucianism 五、各章节语言点第一章（英语）trait n. A distinguishing feature, as of a persons character. 特征plateau n. An elevated, comparatively level expanse of land; a tableland. 高原facilitate vt. To make easy or easier. 使容易或更容易terrain n. A particular geographic area; a
10、 region. 一个特指的地理区域；地区tributary adj.Making additions or yielding supplies; contributory. 附属的，纳贡的therefromadv. From that place, time, or thing. 从此regimeA form of government. 政体pasturage The business of grazing cattle. 畜牧业discrepancyDivergence or disagreement, as between facts or claims; difference. 矛盾
11、，不相符dispersion n. The act or process of dispersing. 分散nomadic adj.游牧的mount vt. To fix securely to a support. 架设；固定revert vi. To return to a former condition, practice, subject, or belief. 回复，回返mold vt. To guide or determine the growth or development of; influence. 影响ideology n. The body of ideas ref
12、lecting the social needs and aspirations of an individual, a group, a class, or a culture. 思想（体系），思想意识commend vt. To represent as worthy, qualified, or desirable; recommend. 推荐restrainvt. To limit or restrict. 限制，限定sector A part or division, as of a city or a national economy. 部门confiscatevt.To seiz
13、e (private property) for the public treasury.充公suzerain A feudal lord to whom fealty was due. 封建主kindle vt. To arouse (an emotion, for example). 激起cultivate vt. To improve and prepare (land), as by plowing or fertilizing, for raising crops; till.耕作jurisdiction n. Law The right and power to interpret
14、 and apply the law:司法权，裁判权levy vt. To impose or collect (a tax, for example).征税bestowvt. To present as a gift or an honor; confer. 赠与bounty n. A reward, inducement, or payment, especially one given by a government for acts deemed beneficial to the state, such as killing predatory animals, growing ce
15、rtain crops, starting certain industries, or enlisting for military service. 奖励despotic adj. 专制的, 暴虐的plungevi. To fall or throw oneself into a substance or place. 投入；陷入heed vt. To pay attention to; listen to and consider. 留心；听从及考虑innate adj. Possessed as an essential characteristic; inherent. 特有的，固有
16、的pluralismn. A condition of society in which numerous distinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups coexist within one nation.多元化的社会形态extraneous adj. Coming from the outside. 外来的discardvt. To throw away; reject. 丢弃，抛弃magnanimityn. The quality of being magnanimous. A magnanimous act. 崇高的性质,崇高的行为orde
17、al n. A difficult or painful experience, especially one that severely tests character or endurance. 考验embryonic adj. Rudimentary; incipient. 基本的；初期的：assimilation n. The act or process of assimilating. 同化enshrine vt. To enclose in or as if in a shrine. 珍藏autocracy n. Government by a single person hav
18、ing unlimited power; despotism.独裁政府patriarchal adj. Of or relating to a patriarchy. 父权制的，关于父权制的：stratum n. A level of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status.阶层quintessence n. The pure, highly concentrated essence of a thing. 精华，精髓exquisite adj. Characterized by
19、intricate and beautiful design or execution. 精致的，精巧的pictograph n. A picture representing a word or idea; a hieroglyph. 象形文字separatist n. One who secedes or advocates separation. 分离主义者vie vi. To strive for victory or superiority; contend. 竞争annexvt. To incorporate (territory) into an existing politic
20、al unit such as a country, state, county, or city. 合并，吞并principalityn. A territory ruled by a prince or from which a prince derives his title.公国，侯国，封邑contentionn. The act or an instance of striving in controversy or debate. 争辩forge vt. To give form or shape to, especially by means of careful effort.
21、 达成，使形成benevolence n. An inclination to perform kind, charitable acts. 仁慈inexhaustible adj. That cannot be entirely consumed or used up. 无穷尽的noveladj. Strikingly new, unusual, or different. 新奇的exponent n. One that speaks for, represents, or advocates. 拥护者，示范者，倡导者upsurge n. A rapid or abrupt rise. 快速
22、又突然的上升acceleratevt. To cause to occur sooner than expected. 催促，加紧antinomyn. Contradiction or opposition, especially between two laws or rules. 二律对立，二律矛盾mundane adj. Of, relating to, or typical of this world; secular.世俗的mingle vt. To mix or bring together in combination, usually without loss of indiv
23、idual characteristics. 使混合，使相混boost vt To assist in further development or progress. 刺激增长，辅助长远的发展和进步ethnicity n. Ethnic character, background, or affiliation. 属于少数民族sporadic adj. Isolated; unique. 孤立个别的，独特的coalition n. An alliance, especially a temporary one, of people, factions, parties, or nations
24、.联盟instrumental adj. Serving as a means or an agency; implemental. 作为手段的；作为中介的；有帮助的seismograph n. An instrument for automatically detecting and recording the intensity, direction, and duration of a movement of the ground, especially of an earthquake. 地震仪tumultuousadj. Characterized by tumult; noisy
25、and disorderly. 骚乱的，吵闹的hereditary n. Having title or possession through inheritance. 世袭的aloof adj. Distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote. 远离的，冷漠的succinct adj. Characterized by clear, precise expression in few words; concise and terse. 简明的，简炼的transcend vt. To exist above and independ
26、ent of (material experience or the universe). 超越philistine adj. Boorish; barbarous. 庸俗人的scholasticism n. Scholarly conservatism or pedantry. 学者气的保守主义或学究气paternal adj. Received or inherited from a father. 得自父方的plague vt. To afflict with or as if with a disease or calamity. 使遭殃，困扰internecine adj. Mutu
27、ally destructive; ruinous or fatal to both sides.自相残杀的havoc n. Widespread destruction; devastation. 大范围的破坏；浩劫turbulent adj. Having a chaotic or restless character or tendency. 动荡的，骚乱的strife n. Heated, often violent dissension; bitter conflict. 斗争dispatch vt. To relegate to a specific destination or
28、send on specific business. 派遣；发送assimilatevt. To absorb (immigrants or a culturally distinct group) into the prevailing culture. 把（移民或文化出色的群体）同化到盛行的文化中invigorate vt. To impart vigor, strength, or vitality to; animat. 使生气勃勃monastery n. The dwelling place of such a community of persons, especially mon
29、ks, bound by vows to a religious life and often living in partial or complete seclusion. 修道院heyday n. The period of greatest popularity, success, or power; prime. 极盛时期fresco n. A painting executed in this way. 湿壁画vogue n. Popular acceptance or favor; popularity. 流行，风尚，时髦grotto n. A small cave or cav
30、ern. 洞穴catalyst n. One that precipitates a process or event, especially without being involved in or changed by the consequences. 触媒clan n. A division of a tribe tracing descent from a common ancestor. 部族commoner n. A person without noble rank or title. 没有贵族等级或头衔的人unleash vt. To release or loose fro
31、m or as if from a leash. 解开皮带；放纵magnanimous adj. Generous in forgiving; eschewing resentment or revenge; unselfish.表现高尚品德的；宽宏大量的；消除怨恨和报复的；无私的bizarreadj. Strikingly unconventional and far-fetched in style or appearance; odd. 古怪的infiltration n. The act or process of infiltrating. 渗透esteem vt. To regar
32、d with respect; prize. 尊重；夸奖confervt. To bestow (an honor, for example). 授予posthumous adj. Occurring or continuing after ones death. 死后的adherence n. Faithful attachment; devotion. 坚持，坚信collaborate vi. To work together, especially in a joint intellectual effort. 协作，合作annotatevt. To furnish (a literar
33、y work) with critical commentary or explanatory notes; gloss.注释，给作注解emissary n. An agent sent on a mission to represent or advance the interests of another. 使者ecclesiasticsn. A minister or priest; a cleric. 教堂主管或教士；神职人员en masseadv. In one group or body; all together. 全体；一起exotic adj. From another pa
34、rt of the world; foreign. 外来的zoroastrianism n.The religious system founded in Persia by Zoroaster and set forth in the Zend-Avesta, teaching the worship of Ormazd in the context of a universal struggle between the forces of light and of darkness. 波斯教，琐罗亚斯德教，袄教Manicheism n. 摩尼教(3世纪由摩尼创始于波斯的二元宗教)Islam
35、ismn. The religious faith, principles, or cause of Islam.伊斯兰教calligrapher n.书法家bureaucracy n. The departments and their officials as a group. 官僚inflated adj. Raised or expanded to abnormal levels. 恶性膨胀的，飞涨的redundantadj. Exceeding what is necessary or natural; superfluous. 多余的deplete vt. To decrease
36、the fullness of; use up or empty out. 消灭，用完用光appeasement n. The policy of granting concessions to potential enemies to maintain peace. 绥靖政策deteriorate vi. To grow worse; degenerate. 恶化zenith n. The point of culmination; the peak. 最高点，巅峰panorama n. An unbroken view of an entire surrounding area. 全景me
37、teorology n. The science that deals with the phenomena of the atmosphere, especially weather and weather conditions.气象学rudiment n. Something in an incipient or undeveloped form. 初级阶段despotism n. Rule by or as if by a despot; absolute power or authority. 专制coercion n. The act or practice of coercing.
38、 强迫exegesis n. Critical explanation or analysis, especially of a text. 解释，注释，评注grapheme n. All of the letters and letter combinations that represent a phoneme, as f, ph, and gh for the phoneme /f/. 音素emend vt. To improve by critical editing. 校订exegetics n. (对犹太教,基督教圣经原义进行解析和注的)解经学opus n. A creative
39、work, especially a musical composition numbered to designate the order of a composers works. 原创作品consummation n. The act of consummating; a fulfillment. 实现evangelize vt. To preach the gospel to. 传教literati pl.n. The literary intelligentsia. 文人学士Occidentalism n. The characteristic traits or customs o
40、f Occidental peoples. 西洋风味momentous adj. Of utmost importance; of outstanding significance or consequence. 极为重要的,有突出意义或影响的extant adj. Still in existence; not destroyed, lost, or extinct. 现有的，未遗失的，未毁的ingredient n. An element in a mixture or compound; a constituent. 成份equilibriumn. A condition in whic
41、h all acting influences are canceled by others, resulting in a stable, balanced, or unchanging system. 平衡，均衡immunity n. The quality or condition of being immune.免除，免疫 pragmatism n. Philosophy A movement consisting of varying but associated theories, originally developed by Charles S. Peirce and Will
42、iam James and distinguished by the doctrine that the meaning of an idea or a proposition lies in its observable practical consequences. 实用主义calamity n. An event that brings terrible loss, lasting distress, or severe affliction; a disaster. 灾难ethos n. The disposition, character, or fundamental values
43、 peculiar to a specific person, people, culture, or movement. 社会精神特质：pivot n. A person or thing on which something depends or turns; the central or crucial factor.中心人物，中心点enamored vt. To inspire with love; captivate. 使爱上governance n. The act, process, or power of governing; government. 统治，管理，支配subli
44、mation n. The act or process of sublimating. 升华的行动或过程pristine adj. Remaining in a pure state; uncorrupted by civilization. 质朴的，纯洁的felicitousadj. Admirably suited; apt. 非常切合的；恰当的maintenance n. The act of maintaining or the state of being maintained. 保持，维持placidadj. Undisturbed by tumult or disorder;
45、calm or quiet. 平和的，宁静的engendervt. To bring into existence; give rise to. 产生；引起：inertia n. Resistance or disinclination to motion, action, or change. 惰性；迟钝laurel n. Honor and glory won for great achievement. 荣誉collectivism n. The principles or system of ownership and control of the means of production and distribution by the people collectively.集体主义fidelity n. Faithfulness to obligations, duties, or observances. 忠诚，忠实 consolidate vt. To make strong or secure;