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1、一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇知其意1concept n概念2chart n. 表格，图表3gallery n. 画廊4artificial adj. 人造的5virus n. 病毒6crime n. 犯罪；罪行7terrorist n. 恐怖分子8nuclear adj. 原子能的9network n. 网络10title n. 标题；题目11flesh n. 肉；肉体12exit vt. 出；离开13dip vt. 浸14millionaire n. 百万富翁15tourism n. 观光，游览16smoker n. 吸烟者.核心词汇写其形1likely adj. 有可能
2、的adv. (与most, very连用)可能2focus vi. 集中注意3average adj. 平均的 n. 平均数4climate n. 气候5flood n. 洪水，水灾 vt.& vi. 淹没6affect vt. 影响7rapidly adv. 快，迅速地8growth n. 增长；生长9crash vt. (汽车、飞机等)撞毁；坠毁10project n. 课题；方案；工程11fancy vt. (非正式)想要做；幻想12reject vt. 拒绝，不接受13destination n. 目的地14pack vt. 收拾(行李)，打包15guide n. 指南；导游，向导16
3、view n. 景色，风景.拓展词汇通其变1. reality n. 真实，现实real adj. 真的really adv. 真实地；实际上2attack n. & vt. 攻击，进攻attacker n. 攻击者3optimistic adj. 乐观的optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义optimist n. 乐观的人；乐天派4entertainment n. 娱乐；款待entertain vt. 使娱乐；款待5disappear vi. 消失disappearance n. 消失appear vi. 出现(反义词)appearance n. 出现；外貌6harm vt. & n. 伤害
4、，损害harmful adj. 有伤害的harmless adj. 无害的7obvious adj. 明显的，显而易见的obviously adv. 明显地8scientific adj. 科学的science n. 科学scientist n. 科学家9suggestion n. 建议，提议suggest vt. 建议，提议10arrangement n. 安排arrange vt. 安排11settle vi. 定居settlement n. 定居地settler n. 移民者12regular adj. 定期的；规则的regularly adv. 定期地；规则地regulation n.
5、 章程，规章制度13attractive adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的attraction n. 吸引力；具有吸引力的事物或人attract vt. 吸引14. officially adv. 正式地official adj. 官方的；正式的1.盘点含后缀“er”的名词beginner初学者swimmer 游泳者traveller 旅游者farmer 农民smoker 吸烟者player 演员；运动员keeper 看守人2.由crime想到的theft n偷窃robbery n. 抢劫kidnap n. 绑架murder n. 谋杀corruption n. 贪污cheating n. 作弊d
6、omestic violence 家庭暴力3.走进“旅游(行)”圈tourism旅游业tourist 游客journey 长途旅行travel 旅行trip 短途旅行tour 观光旅行voyage (乘船)航行，航海 (二)重点短语记牢用活1make_up编造，构成2come_true (愿望、梦想等)实现3as_if 好像，仿佛4hang_on (电话用语)别挂断5get_in_touch 取得联系6be_up_to 做，从事于7in_the_flesh 本人亲身8._as_well_as 也，又9._be_known_as 被认为是10._in_the_future 将来11._take_
7、action 采取行动12._whats_more 而且13._take_over 接收，接管14._consist_of 由组成15._cut_off 切掉，切断1.不能用于被动语态的高频短语consist of 由构成run out 用完date back to/from 追溯到belong to 属于give out 用尽；精疲力竭2.“be knownprep.”短语小结be known for 因而出名/闻名be known as 作为而出名be known to 为熟知be known by 被所知3.“as.as”短语集锦as well as也，和，以及as far as 至于；
8、远至as long as 只要as soon as 一就as much as 与一样多 (三)重点句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：Itbeadj.that.句型，其中It作形式主语.“it_is_clear_that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.” “很明显，我们将会看到网上购物的大幅度增长。”句型2：as if/though意为“似乎，好像”，引导表语从句Some experts see our future in virtual realitythe use of computers wit
9、h sounds and pictures that make you feel as_if you are in a real situation.有些专家看到我们虚拟现实的未来运用计算机产生的声音和视觉效果，使你感觉就好像生活在现实中一样。句型3：have sth.done使某事被做，让别人做某事Do you have_anything_planned for Saturday and Sunday？你周六和周天有什么计划吗？句型4：not only.but also.意为“不但而且”，用来连接两个对等的句子成分We would not_only be able to travel aro
10、und the world, but_also go to study in any world famous universities we wanted to.我们将不仅可以环游世界，还可以去任何我们想去的世界著名大学里学习。句型5：动词it形容词to do sth.句型，其中it作形式宾语But I still find_it_hard_to_imagine.但我还是觉得难以想象。二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式1(2019江苏卷) It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains.Mamm
11、als weighing sixty kilograms have an average(平均的) brain size of 200 cm3.2With his attention focused(集中) on what the teacher was saying, Tom didnt know what was happening outside.3Studies show that people are more likely(可能的) to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for
12、 long hours.4(2018全国卷)Join a guided bike tour and view(观看) some of the most popular monuments in Washington, DC.5Traffic problems have severely affected(影响) the economic development. 6(2019全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlem
13、ents(settle)，leading to a belief that populations are increasing.7Children need discipline, but they need guidance(guide) even more.8These plays were a popular form of entertainment(entertain) in the 1920s and 1930s.9They have been looking for scientific(science) methods of farming since ten years a
14、go.10(2018江苏卷)If you want to disturb the car industry, youd better have a few billion dollars: Momandpop carmakers are unlikely(likely) to beat the biggest car companies.派生词练习用所给词的适当形式填空1The woman pays a regular visit to her doctor. The doctor examines her body regularly. While she is waiting, she o
15、ften repeats the regulations on the wall.(regular)2Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes.That is，it is harmful to our eyes to read in the sun. However，the sunlight is harmless to the crops.(harm)3It is obvious that the boy doesnt like the singer. Obviously,_he is looking for another singer in the
16、 hall.(obvious)4What attracted him most was the attractive park. But he planned to visit another attraction in this area first.(attract)5The sufferers were all optimists and I was deeply affected by their optimism. And I began to learn to be optimistic，too.(optimistic).选词成篇as if; be known as; come t
17、rue; write down; make up; cut off; take action; consist of; get in touch withLi Ming has 1.been_known_as a famous writer since his latest book 2.consisting_of several novels came out.It is not surprising that his dream es_true.During the past few years, he kept 4.writing_down his experiences with wh
18、ich he 5.made_up some interesting stories. While he was writing his books, he always 6.cut himself off from the outside world.Now he begins to 7.take_action to 8.get_in_touch_with his friends who he misses very much. It seems 9.as_if they had been out of touch for ages.in ones view; settle in; as we
19、ll as; focus on; be up to; have problems withAfter 10.settling_in Beijing, with the help of his friends, Chris bought a new house 11.as_well_as a portable computer. But one day his computer crashed and 12.in_his_view it was likely to have been attacked by a virus. Because he 13.had_problems_with how
20、 to deal with it, he had to ask his friends for suggestions. With their help, his computer began to work again, and then he could 14.focus_on the scientific research he 15.had_been_up_to.完成句子1很显然当时电影长城很受欢迎。It_is_clear_that the film the Great Wall was very popular at that time.2厨房看上去好像重新漆过一样。The kitc
21、hen looks as_if/though it has been repainted.3你平时都在哪儿剪头发？Where do you normally have_your_hair_cut?4他不仅英语说得准确，还说得流利。Not only does_he_speak_English_correctly，but also he speaks it fluently.5我认识一些人，他们觉得戒烟几乎是不可能的。I know people who find_it_nearly_impossible_to_give_up smoking. likelyadj.有可能的基础练习单句语法填空(20
22、19全国卷)Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to_recover(recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.(陕西卷)If one is late for a job interview, it is unlikely(likely) that he will get the job.能力提升一句多译白天这个时候他不可能来，因为他太忙了。He_is_not_likely_to_come/I
23、t_is_not_likely_that_he_will_come at this time of the day because he is too busy. (likely)It_is_not_possible_for_him_to_come/It_is_not_possible_that_he_will_come at this time of the day because he is too busy. (possible)It_is_not_probable_that_he_will_come at this time of the day because he is too b
24、usy. (probable) (1)Sb./Sth.be likely to do sth.某人/某物可能会做某事It is likely that. 很可能(2)unlikely adj. 不可能的名师点津 (1)likely指从表面迹象来判断，表面上看来有可能。常用结构：Sb./Sth. is likely to do sth.；Its likely that .；(2)possible指客观上有可能，也许实际发生的可能性并不大。常用结构：It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.；It is possible that .；(3)probable表示有几分根
25、据的推测，比possible表示的可能性大，一般不用表示人的词作主语。常用结构：It is probable that .。 focusn焦点；集中点；焦距；中心v(使)集中；聚集 基础练习单句语法填空(2018全国卷)Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.a.With his attention focused(focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I
26、 had told him.bWith so many people focusing(focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous.能力提升完成句子/句式升级(普通表达)He focused_his_energy_on_working(专注于工作), so he spared no time to travel.(高级表达)Focusing_his_energy_on_working,_he spared no time to travel.(分词作状语)(高级表达)With_his_energy_focused_on_working,_he
27、spared no time to travel.(with复合结构) (1)focus on/upon集中(注意力/精力)于focus ones attention/mind/energy on 集中注意力/心思/精力于(2)the focus of attention/concern/argument 注意力/关注/争论的焦点 佳句背诵 The whole world focused on the 2019 Beijing summit of the Forum on ChinaAfrica Cooperation.全球目光都聚焦于2019年中非合作论坛北京峰会。名师点津 表示“集中精力于
28、”的短语还有concentrate ones attention on, fix ones attention on, put ones heart into等。 affectvt.影响；感动；侵袭基础练习单句语法填空The election of the new president affected(affect) the countrys relationships with many different foreign countries and international organizations.Affected(affect) with a serious disease, he
29、 was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.能力提升句式升级(普通表达)Many young people were affected by his story. They began to do volunteer work for the disabled.(高级表达)Affected_by_his_story,_many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.(分词作状语) (1)be greatly
30、/deeply affected by被深深打动be affected with high fever 发高烧(2)effect n. 作用；影响have an effect/influence on 对产生影响 佳句背诵 It is obvious that blindly following others advice will affect our own judgment.显而易见， 盲目地接受他人的意见将影响我们的判断。 (2018江苏卷)联想发散 “被深深地感动”的表达：be deeply moved；be deeply touched；be deeply affected har
31、mn伤害；损害vt.损害；危害 基础练习单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义There is no harm in giving gifts to children，but they should not be rewards.(2019全国卷)While the suns rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D损害；危害能力提升一句多译众所周知，观看暴力电视节目对孩子们有害。As we know, watching violence on TV does_harm_to_children/does
32、_children_harm(harm n)As we know, watching violence on TV is_harmful_to_children(harmful adj.) (1)do/cause harm to sb.对某人造成伤害do sb. harm 对某人造成伤害There is no harm in doing. 做某事无害处。(2)harmful adj. 有害的，造成伤害的be harmful to. 对有害 佳句背诵 At present, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, doing seriou
33、s harm to life and the environment.目前，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了极大的危害。 suggestvt.建议，提议；推荐；表明，暗示基础练习单句改错New brain research suggests our brains should work differently when we face a nervous situation. 删除shouldThe smile on her face suggested that she be very satisfied with what we had done. bewas能力提升
34、完成句子(天津卷)因为有太多的工作要做，经理提出一个建议，我们应该配备个助手。The manager put forward a suggestion that we_should_have_an_assistant. There is too much work to do.(四川卷)为了掌握普通话， 我强烈建议你多与中国人练习， 只有通过练习你才能发现这种语言的美。To master Mandarin, I strongly suggest_you_(should)_practice_with_Chinese people.Only through practice can you fin
35、d the beauty of this language.人们建议我们应该捐赠一些我们不再喜欢或不再用的东西。It_is_suggested_that_we_should_donate things which we no longer like or use. (1)suggest (sb.s) doing sth.建议(某人)做某事suggest (that) .(should) do建议(从句用虚拟语气)It is suggested that.建议(that从句用虚拟语气)(2)suggestion n. 建议，提议make/offer/give a suggestion 提出建议
36、佳句背诵 I suggest you read these articles before proceeding with this one.继续阅读本文之前，建议您看一看这些文章。名师点津 suggest作“建议”讲时，后接从句时要用虚拟语气(suggestion后面的名词性从句也要用虚拟语气)；作“暗示，表明”讲时，后接的从句不用虚拟语气。 settlevt.使定居；安排；解决；使平静vi.定居；和解；决定基础练习单句语法填空a.(2018全国卷)People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and natura
37、lly suited to communications and trade.b(2017天津卷)Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle down,_get married, and have kids.After reaching a settlement(settle) with the school, she soon settled into her new school life.(2017全国卷)With so many poems to recite, youd better settle down t
38、o learning(learn) their backgrounds.能力提升句式升级(普通表达)The problem was settled and they were happy and relaxed.(高级表达)With_the_problem_settled,_they were happy and relaxed.(with的复合结构) (1)settle down平静下来；定居settle down to (doing) sth. 安心做某事；专心做某事settle in/into 安顿下来； 习惯于(新居)； 适应(新工作)(2)settlement n. 安顿；定居；解决
39、；协议settler n. 移民；殖民者 佳句背诵 With the governments aid，those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.在政府的援助下，那些受到地震影响的人已经搬到新的定居点。(上海卷)She didnt start the lesson until the pupils settled down.等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。 viewn景色；风景；观点，见解；视野vt.把视为；看；观看 一词多义写出下列句中view的含义(北京卷)While climbing the mo
40、untain，we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.风景I can only give you a personal view of how we can live life to the full.观点，见解(全国卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.视野能力提升完成句子In_view_of(鉴于) the present situation, well have to cha
41、nge our original plan.In_my_view(依我看), you should follow your teachers advice.As the car approached the town center，several tall buildings came_into_view(进入视野) (1)in view在视野中in view of 鉴于；考虑到in ones view 在某人看来come into view 看得见get/have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览take/hold the view that. 持的观点(2)view.as.
42、把看作 佳句背诵 Standing on the Jingshan, you will get a better view of the Forbidden City which is surrounded by a 7.9metrehigh city wall. 站在景山上， 你可以更清楚地看到被7.9米高城墙围绕的紫禁城。 averagen平均；平均数adj. 普通的，通常的；平均的vt.平均为基础练习语段填空There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam, with an average of 18 students in ea
43、ch class. Janes was above average while Johns was below average, which made his teacher disappointed.能力提升完成句子(浙江卷)去年平均降雨量仅为18.75厘米，使其成为自1850年加利福尼亚在成为一个州以来最干旱的一年。An_average_of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making it the driest year since California became a state in 1850.(2018全国卷)所有学生每周有两节体育课
44、，每天平均跑20分钟。All students have two PE classes a week and run for 20 minutes on_average every day.on average平均an average of. 平均有with an average of 平均为above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/ 以下词块助记 the worlds average temperature世界平均温度children of average intelligence 智力一般的儿童an average cost/price 平均成本/价格an average student 一个普通的学生 come true实现，变成现实基础练习单句改错Dreams in our heart will come to true one day as long as we insist and keep making great efforts.删除toWhen things go wrongly, all of us naturally feel disappointed