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1、英语语法复习之： There be句型用法总结There be结构是英语中陈述事物客观存的常用句型，表示“有”，其确切含义是“存在”。There作为引导词，本身没有意义。如果要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“There be +主语+ 地点（时间）”这一句型。例如：There is a great Italian deli across the street. 穿过街道，有一家大的意大利熟食店。There are some students in the dormitory. 在宿舍里有一些学生。一、There be 结构中的主谓一致 采取就近原则，和靠近be的主语一致。
2、 Theres a man at the door. 门口有个人。There is some apple juice in the bottle. 瓶子里有些苹果汁。There are some strangers in the street. 大街上有一些陌生人。There is an ashtray and two bottles on the shelf. 架子上有一只烟灰缸和两个瓶子。There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf. 架子上有两个瓶子和一个烟灰缸。二、There be 结构中的时态1.There be 句型中动词be可
3、以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。There is no harm in trying. 不妨一试。There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring. 去年春天，山中有极美的野花。There will be a fine day tomorrow. 明天将是一个晴天。There have been several private schools in our area this year. There had been many such accidents before you came. 2.There be 句型可
4、以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。There may be a cigarette in that box.那只盒子里或许有支香烟。There must be some cakes on the table.桌子上一定有些蛋糕。There used to be a hospital there before the war.战前，那里曾经有家医院。3.There be 句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用：be going to、seem to 、appear to 、usedto、be likely to 、happen to .There seems to be a few trees betw
5、een me and the green. 在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。There is going to be a meeting tonight.今天晚上有个会议。There is likely to be a storm. 可能有一场暴雨。There happened to be a bus nearby.碰巧附近有辆公交车。There appears to have been a nasty accident. 似乎发生了一起严重事故。4. there be 句型的变体there be结构中的be有时可用come, develop, exist, fall, follow, happe
6、n, lie, live, occur, remain, rise, stand ,appear, seem, arise, enter, grow, belong, arrive, fly, flash, sail, pass, run, spring up, emerge等。如：There fell a deep silence. 突然一片寂静。There remains one more test to be carried out before putting the instrument into operation. 在使用这一设备之前要完成一项试验。Not long after
7、this, there occurred a sudden revolution in public taste. 此后不久，公众的情趣发生了突然的变化。There stands at the center of the square the Monument to the Peoples Heroes. 在广场的中央矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。There came a scent of lime-blossom. 飘来一阵菩提树的花香。Once upon a time there lived a king in China. 从前中国有一个国王。There exist many ancient t
8、emples in the country. 那个国家有很多古老的寺庙。There lies a small village in the mountain.山里有个小村子。There remains nothing more to be done. 没有什么别的事可做了。There followed the first world war. 接着就是第一次世界大战。There flashed through his mind the image of a heroic fighter.他的头脑中闪过英雄战士的形象。There sprang up a wild gale.突然刮起一阵狂风。偶尔
9、也能见到there后接及物动词：There struck me a sudden idea. 突然我有了一个主意。三、There be 句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句1.There be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式，一种是将否定副词not放在be 之后，如： There isnt a box in the room.房间里没有盒子。There arent any pens on the desk.课桌上没有钢笔。There hasnt been any rain for a week.一周没下雨了。There wont be a meeting today.今天没有会议。另一
10、种是在主语前加上不定代词no , 如：There is no water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水。There are no pictures on the wall.墙上没有图画。There will be no one at home tomorrow morning.明天上午不会有人在家。There might be no money left。或许没有剩下什么钱。2.There be 句型的一般疑问句是将be 放在there 之前，回答时用yes或no，后接简单答语。Is there a cake on the table?桌子上有块蛋糕吗？Yes，there is.
11、/ No，there isnt.是，有。/ 不，没有。Will there be a party tonight？今晚有聚会吗？Yes，there will./ No, there wont是的，有。/ 不，没有。Have there been any letters from your mother lately?近日你妈妈有信来吗？Yes，there have./ No, there havent.是，有的。/ 不，没有。3.There be 句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词两种情况：How many students are there in your s
12、chool?你们学校有多少学生？How much money is there in your pocket?你口袋里有多少钱?4.There be 句型的反意疑问句: 应与there be对应，而不是依据主语。There is a cup on the table, isnt there?桌子上有只杯子，是吗？There are a lot of letters in the mailbox, arent there? 邮筒里有很多信件，是吗？There will be a new hospital nearby, wont there? 附近要建一家新医院，是吗?四、主语后的动词形式在th
13、ere be 句型中，主语与动词是主动关系时, 动词用现在分词形式；是被动关系时，动词用过去分词形式。如：There is a purse lying on the ground. 地上有一个钱包。There are five minutes left now. 现在还有5分钟。there be后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：There is a lot of work to do. 有许多工作要做。注意：当该句型主语是something, anything, nothing等不定代词时，后面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式，意义各不同。There is nothing to do. 没
14、有事可做。There is nothing to be done. 没有办法(束手无策)。五、There be 结构和have的区别与联系1.区别点：there be 意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；have 表示所有关系，强调某人或某地有某物，这是其基本用法。如：There are some trees in front of the house.房前有些树。Tom has many friends in China.汤姆在中国有许多朋友。2. there be表示所属时可与have替换。There is nothing but a book in my bag. =I have
15、nothing but a book in my bag. 包里只有一本书。六、There be 结构的非谓语动词形式 There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。1.there to be 的用法1) 用作动词的复合宾语。常见的动词有：want, expect, hope, wish, like , hate, would like, prefer, mean, intend等。即：跟不定式的动词Would you like there to be a picture on the wall? 你喜欢墙壁上挂一
16、张画吗？We dont want there to be any comrade lagging behind.我们不希望有一个同志掉队。I expect there to be great fun in the game. 我希望游戏中有很大的乐趣。2) 用在It be + adj. for.的结构中。即：于介词for之后，则用there to be，It is impossible for there to be any more chance. 不可能在有机会了。It was too late for there to be any buses. 时间太晚，不会有汽车了。We waite
17、d for there to be another opportunity.我们期待着还有下一次机会。.there being 的用法1）作主语 There being a shop here is a great advantage. 这儿有个商店，真是方便极了。 2）作动词的复合宾语。常见的动词有：deny, appreciate, mind, imagine, admit 即：跟动名词的动词She denied there being any misunderstanding between them.她否认他们之间有任何误会。3) 用作介词后的复合宾语, 介词for除外I never
18、dreamed of there being a picture on the wall. 我从未想到墙壁上有幅画。 I was wrong about there being some misunderstanding between us.认为我们之间有误解是我的错误。4) 作状语用的独立结构There being nothing to do, we went home. 因为没有什么事要办，我们就回家了。There being nobody else at hand, I had to do it by myself. 由于身边没有别人，我只得自己干了。七、There be常见句型The
19、re be 结构是一常见的表示“存在”的句型，但是，该结构不表示“存在”意义的现象又广见于书面语及口语，它以否定句的形式出现，用于对某一具体行为和抽象概念的否定。其惯用结构一般有以下三种：一、There is + no + Noun + in doing something1.其中名词为表“利弊”、“用途”的抽象名词，如：There is no good in going. 去没有什么好处。There is no harm in doing that. 那样做并无害处。There is no use in doing it. 干此事毫无用处。2.其中名词为表“价值”、“意义”的抽象名词，如：T
20、here is no sense in waiting here. 在这里等候下去毫无意义。There is no point in doing so. 这样做毫无意义。There is no disgrace in failing once. 一旦失败也不丢脸。（注：此结构中的介词可以省略，如：There is no use asking hershe doesnt know anything.）二、There is + no + doing something1.其中的动词（do）多为“转述”或“认知”等意义的动词，如：tell, say, know等，其后一般跟疑问句，如when，wha
21、t等。There is no saying what may happen. 很难说会发生什么事。There is no telling when he will return. 说不清他何时回来。There is no knowing when we shall meet again. 不知何时我们能再相会。2.其他动词，其意义相当灵活。There is no mistaking what ought to be done. 应该做什么是清楚的。There is no denying the fact. 事实无可否认。There is no holding back the wheel of
22、 history. 历史的车轮不能倒转。There is no getting along with him. 他很难相处。Once she starts talking, there is no stopping her. 一旦她打开话匣子，就说个没完。There is no joking with him. 和他不能开玩笑。三、There is + no + Action Noun此结构的含义相当于Its impossible /unnecessary to do something。如：There is no hurry about it. 没有必要这么急匆匆的。There is no
23、question of his honesty. 他的诚实是勿庸置疑的。有时，在此结构中的Action Noun被动名词形式所取代，其意义不变。试比较：There is no escape from the evident.There is no escaping the fact.两句都表示：无法逃（躲）避但是，有时也存在意义上的区别，试比较：a. There is no doubt at all about it.b. There is no doubting her virtue.句a为“存在句”，意即：对于此事不存在任何的疑问。句b则是不表“存在”的一种惯用结构，意即：她的贞操勿庸置疑
24、。以上三种结构除用于陈述句外，尚可见于疑问句。如：Is there any use in discussing the matter further? 这种事再讨论下去有何益处？Is there any hurry about it? 这事需要匆忙吗？此惯用结构中的be有时可与情态动词连用，其语气更趋委婉。如：There could be no mistaking where he had come from. 他从哪里来是相当清楚的。此结构中的no也不是一成不变的，它可被其他形式所取代。如：There isnt any getting away from it. 要从它那里逃脱是不可能的。There was never believing half of what he said. 他的话连一半也不信。Theres never any predicting what they will do next. 无法料及他们下一步将会干什么7