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1、There be 句型用法总结There be 结构是英语中陈述事物客观存的常用句型,表示“有”,其确切含义是“存在”there 作为引导词,本身没有意义,用动词be的某些形式作为谓语动词,它的主语是用一些表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组,动词be和 There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下:There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系。主语的数必须一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间的状语。因此要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“There be + 名词+ 地点(时间)这一句型。例如:There is
2、 a great Italian deli across the street. 穿过街道,有一家大的意大利熟食店。There are some students in the dormitory. 在宿舍里有一些学生。一、There be 结构中的主谓一致 1.当动词be后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时,be 应该取单数is;当其后所接的名词是复数的可数名词时,be用复数are。Theres a man at the door.门口有个人。There is some apple juice in the bottle. 瓶子里有些苹果汁。There are some stranger
3、s in the street.大街上有一些陌生人。2.如果There be 后面是几个并列名词做主语时,动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。There is an ashtray and two bottles on the shelf. 架子上有一只烟灰缸和两个瓶子。There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf. 架子上有两个瓶子和一个烟灰缸。二、There be 结构中的时态1.There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。There is no harm in trying.不妨一试。Th
4、ere were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring. 去年春天,山中有极美的野花。There will be a fine day tomorrow. 明天将是一个晴天。There have been several private schools in our area this year.今年,我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。2.There be 句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。There may be a cigarette in that box.那只盒子里或许有支香烟。There must be some cakes on
5、 the table.桌子上一定有些蛋糕。There used to be a hospital there before the war.战前,那里曾经有家医院。3.There be 句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用:be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to . There seem to be a few trees between me and the green. 在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。There is gong to be a meeting tonight.今天晚上有个会议。There
6、is likely to be a storm.可能有一场暴雨。There happened to be a bus nearby.碰巧附近有辆公交车。There appears to have been a nasty accident.似乎发生了一起严重事故。4.there be 结构中除可以用be 外,还可以用其它动词。例如:There came a scent of lime-blossom.飘来一阵菩提树的花香。Once upon a time there lived a king in China.从前中国有一个国王。三、There be 句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意
7、疑问句1.There be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式,一种是将否定副词not放在be 之后,如: There isnt a box in the room. 房间里没有盒子。There arent any pens on the desk.课桌上没有钢笔。There hasnt been any rain for a week.一周没下雨了。There wont be a meeting today.今天没有会议。另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no , 如:There is no water in the bottle. 瓶子里没有水。There are no pictures on the
8、wall.墙上没有图画。There will be no one at home tomorrow morning.明天上午不会有人在家。There might be no money left。或许没有剩下什么钱。2.There be 句型的一般疑问句是将be 放在there 之前,回答时用yes或no,后接简单答语。如:Is there a cake on the table? 桌子上有块蛋糕吗?Yes,there is. / No,there isnt.是,有。/ 不,没有。Will there be a party tonight?今晚有聚会吗?Yes,there will./ No,
9、 there wont 是的,有。/ 不,没有。Have there been any letters from your mother lately?近日你妈妈有信来吗?Yes,there have./ No, there havent.是,有的。/ 不,没有。3.There be 句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词两种情况:How many students are there in your school?你们学校有多少学生?How much money is there in your pocket?你口袋里有多少钱?4.There be 句型的反意疑问句
10、There is a cup on the table, isnt there?桌子上有只杯子,是吗?There is some orange in the glass, isnt there?杯子里有桔汁,是吗?There are a lot of letters in the mailbox, arent there?邮筒里有很多信件,是吗?There will be a new hospital nearby, wont there?附近要建一家新医院,是吗?四、There be 结构的非谓语动词形式There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being
11、 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。例如: 1. It was unusual for there to be so few flowers in the park. 公园里只有这么一点花是不同寻常的。 2. There being no bus, we had to take a taxi. 因为没有公共汽车,我们只好乘出租车。 2. there be 结构作宾语时,通常用there to be ,常作这样一些词的宾语:expect,like, mean, intend, want,prefer,hate等。例如:I expect there to be no argument about
12、 this.我期望关于这件事不要再争吵了。I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.我宁愿不要讨论我的私事。People dont want there to be another war.人们不希望再有战争了。另外,作介词宾语时,如果是介词for,只能用“there to be”其它介词用“there being”The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.老师在等着大家都安静下来。I never dreamed of there bei
13、ng any good chance for me.我做梦也没想到我会有好机会。I.A. There to be 可以用作一个动词的宾语,我们通常称之为复合宾语,其意义常表示对将来的一种意愿或希望,但目前还没存在。例如: 1). Would you like there to be a hospital near your home 你想在你家附近有家医院吗 (事实上,目前还没有医院。划线部分作动词like的宾语) 2). We teachers dont want there to be any students staying in the classroom after school.
14、我们老师不希望有任何学生放学后留在教室里。 (实际上所有的学生放学后都离校) 3). She doesnt hope there to be any quarrel between me and her. 她不希望我们之间有什么争吵。(对将来的一种希望) B. There to be也可以用在句型 It be + adj. for.中。例如: 1). It is impossible for there to be any more chance. 不可能再有机会。 2). It was too late for there to be any open shops. 时间太晚了,不会有营业的
15、商店了。 3). It is important for there to be a free school for the poor children. 给贫困的孩子建一所免费学校太重要了。3. 作状语的there be 形式,通常用“there being”结构。例如:There being nothing else to do ,we went home.因为没有其他事可做,我们就回家了。They closed the door ,there being no customers.因为没有顾客,他们的店关门了。II.A. There being可以用作一个介词的复合宾语,跟 There
16、to be不同的是:There to be往往表示目前没有存在的事物;而There being则通常表示已经存在的事情。请看: 1). The Chinese are proud of there being the Great Wall in North China. 中国人以在中国北部有个长城而自豪。 2). No one told him about there being a meeting that afternoon. 没人告诉他那天下午有个会。 3). You were wrong about there being some misunderstandings between
17、us. 认为我们之间有误解,那你就错了。 B. There being还可以用作副词,在语法上叫独立结构。如: 1). There being nothing to do, we went home separately. 由于没有什么事要做, 我们就各自回家了。 2). There being no teacher in the classroom, the pupils began to talk freely. 由于教室里没有教师,学生们开始自由交谈。C. there being 结构起名词的作用,直接位于句首作主语,通常用it 作形式主语,并且用for引导。There being a
18、bus stop near my house is a great advantage.我家旁边有个公共汽车站,很是方便。It is impossible for there to be any more.不可能再有了。五、There be 结构和have的区别与联系 1.区别点:there be 意为存在,强调某地有某物,不表示所属关系;have 表示所有关系, 强调某人或某地有某物,这是其基本用法。如:There are some trees in front of the house.房前有些树。Tom has many friends in China.汤姆在中国有许多朋友。2.相同点
19、:在表示结构上的含有时,既可以用there be 句型,也可以用have(has) 来表示。如:中国有许多长河。There are many long rivers in China.China has many long rivers.三月份有多少天?How many days are there in March?How many days has March?There be 句型专题I综合专题1. there be 句型常用来表示某地/某时有某物/某人 There is a computer in the room. 房间里有一台电脑。 There are two TV plays e
20、very evening. 每晚有两场电视剧。2. 各种句型结构 i.肯定句: Therebe (is/are) 某物/某人地点/时间。 There is a pencil on the desk. 桌子上有一支铅笔。ii.否定句: Therebe(is/are)not某物/某人地点/时间。这个句式的否定形式的构成是将be之后加not,同时,原句中如有some一词,也应改为any. 例如:There is a bird in the tree树上有一只鸟。There isnt any bird in the tree树上没有鸟。There are some children behind th
21、e house房后有些孩子。There arent any children behind the house房后没有小孩。 iii. 一般疑问句: Be(Is/Are)there某物/某人地点/时间?这是There十be句型的疑问句,其构成是将be动词提到There之前,句尾用问号。There are some birds in the picture.图画中有些鸟。变成疑问句就是:Are there any birds in the picture? 图画中有鸟吗? 对疑问句的应答,如果是肯定的,可以答:Yes, there is 或there are如果是否定的,可以说: No, the
22、re isnt或there arentiv. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 be(is/are)there其它?在这个句型的一般疑问句之前,加上疑问词,变成特殊疑问句。例如,How many birds are there in the picture?图片中有多少只小鸟?here are four birds in the picture图中有4只鸟。使用how many提问时,即可针对复数形式的名词提问,也可针对单数形式的名词提问。在应答中,可以按实际情况回答。例如:How many boats are there in the river?河里有多少只船?There is only one仅有
23、一只。 3. There be 句型常用时态形式There be 句型常用的时态形式有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时。例如: i. There is someone at the door to see you. 门口有人找你。ii. There will be a meeting this evening. 今晚有个约会。iii. -Have there been any letters from Jack lately? 近日有杰克的来信吗?-No, there hasnt. 不,没有。iv. There had been many such accidents
24、 before you came.你来之前就有过很多起这样的事故。4. 主谓一致There be后面所接的某物有多个时,谓语动词be要根据最靠近它的那个名词的单复数来确定,即就近原则。 e.g. There is a pen, a pencil-box and some books on my desk. 我的桌子上有一支钢笔,一个铅笔盒和一些书。 There are some books, a pen and a pencil-box on my desk. 我的桌子上有一些书,一支笔和一个铅笔盒。There are two boys and a teacher at the school
25、gate. 门口有两个男孩,一个老师。 5. 主语后的动词形式 在there be 句型中,主语与动词是主动关系时, 动词用现在分词形式;是被动关系时,动词用过去分词形式。如: There is a purse lying on the ground. 地上有一个钱包。 There are five minutes left now. 现在还有5分钟。6. 反意疑问句。 反意疑问句应与there be对应,而不是依据主语。如: There is a radio on the table, isnt there? 桌子上有一台收音机,是吧? There are more than fifty c
26、lasses in your school, arent there? 你们班有50多名学生,是吧? 7. there be 与have的替换 there be表示所属时可与have替换。 There is nothing but a book in my bag. =I have nothing but a book in my bag. 包里只有一本书。 8. there be后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如: There is a lot of work to do. 有许多工作要做。 注意:当该句型主语是something, anything, nothing等不定代词时,后面
27、的不定式用主动形式或被动形式,意义各不同。 There is nothing to do. 没有事可做。 There is nothing to be done. 没有办法(束手无策)。 9. 与其它词连用,构成复合谓语。如: There may be a rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能有雨。 There used to be a cinema here before the war. 战争之前,这儿有一家电影院。10. there be 句型的变体 there be结构中的be有时可用come (来), develop (产生), exist (存在), fall (
28、落下), follow (跟随), happen (发生), lie (躺着), live (住着), occur (发生), remain (还有), rise (升起),stand (站着)等。这些动词可以有时态变化,及物动词还可以有语态变化。例如:i. There fell a deep silence. 突然一片寂静。ii. There remains one more test to be carried out before putting the instrument into operation. 在使用这一设备之前要完成一项试验。iii. Not long after thi
29、s, there occurred a sudden revolution in public taste. 此后不久,公众的情趣发生了突然的变化。iv. There stands at the center of the square the Monument to the Peoples Heroes. 在广场的中央矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。 11. 习惯用语 There is no good /use (in) doing sth. 做某事没有好处/用处;There is not a moment to lose. 一刻也不能耽误。例如: There is no good making fr
30、iends with him. 和他交朋友没有什么好处。 He is very ill. Send him to hospital. Theres not a moment to lose. 他病得厉害,把他送到医院去,一刻也不能耽误。 There be 句型专题II特殊结构专题“there be.”句型是存在句的常用基本结构,there在句中处于主语位置,起形式主语的作用,真正的主语是随后的名词词组。其谓语动词通常是be的各种时、体等形式。如: There is ice on the lake. 湖上有冰。 There were three students in the classroom
31、 then. 当时教室有三个学生。 There has never been anybody like you. 从来还没有像你这样的人。 There will be snow on high ground.在高地上将会有雪。 除此之外, there be句型还有一些特殊的结构: 1. there + 情态助动词 + be表示 “预见”、“可能”、“必然”或“过去习惯存在”等。如: There might be some desserts if you wait a bit. 如果你等一会儿,可能会有甜点。 There ought to have been someone on duty al
32、l the time. 本来应该有人全天值班。 There shall be no more wars. 再也不会打仗了。 也可以用there + 某些半助动词 + be(很少使用完成体形式),如:be going to, be certain to, be sure to, be likely to, have to be等。 There is going to be a rain. 要下雨了。 Theres likely to be an interview.可能会有一场面试。 There has to be a mistake. 必定有错。 2. 在正式文体中,某些表示存在、发生、出现、
33、坐落等意义的不及物动词也可以与there连用,如:appear, seem, come, remain, exist, live, stand, lie, arise, enter, follow, occur, rise, grow, happen, belong, arrive, fly, flash, sail, pass, run, spring up, emerge等。如: There exist many ancient temples in the country. 那个国家有很多古老的寺庙。 There lies a small village in the mountain.
34、山里有个小村子。 Once upon a time, there lived an old queer man in the city. 从前,城里住着个怪老头。 There remains nothing more to be done. 没有什么别的事可做了。 There followed the first world war. 接着就是第一次世界大战。 There flashed through his mind the image of a heroic fighter.他的头脑中闪过英雄战士的形象。 There sprang up a wild gale.突然刮起一阵狂风。 偶尔也
35、能见到there后接及物动词: There struck me a sudden idea. 突然我有了一个主意。 如果句中的地点状语前移就可以省略there。 如: Behind the house (there) is a small river. 3. there + 不定式 to be 或there + being形式,称为非限定存在句,可以作主语、宾语、介词补足成分。 1) 作主语 There being a railway station in the town is a great advantage. 镇上有个火车站,真方便呀! “there to be+NP”作主语时,通常用
36、for作引导词: For there to be a mistake in a computers arithmetic is impossible. 计算机计算错误是不可能的。 It was seldom for there to be no late comers. 新来者很少没有迟到的。 2) 作宾语 The committee anticipated there being less debate in the second discussion. 委员会期望在第二次讨论中争议能少一些。 We expect there to be no objections. 我们希望不会有人反对。
37、Id prefer there to be more cooperation. 我希望有更多的合作。 3) 作介词补足成分: 介词是for, 用there to be形式; 介词不是for,则用there being形式。 Whats the chance of there being an election this year?今年进行选举的可能性有多大? We have no objection to there being a meeting here. 在这儿举行会议,我们不反对。 Jill is waiting for there to be a big party.吉尔等着举行一次
38、盛大的晚会。 此外,there + being形式还可以用作状语分句,形成独立主格结构: There being no further discussion, the chairman stood up and left the meeting-room.没有可讨论的了,主席站了起来,离开了会议室。 There having been no rain,the stream was dry. 一直没有下雨,小溪都干涸了。 “there be.”句型的难点在于它的非限定形式, 怎样分辨使用there to be 和there being 呢? 两个要点是关键:它们在句子中的成分及与句子中其他成分的
39、搭配关系。如非限定形式的第2小点中的例句:anticipate与there being搭配,而expect 和prefer与there to be配伍。There be 句型专题III否定、书面语专题There be 结构是一常见的表示“存在”的句型,但是,该结构不表示“存在”意义的现象又广见于书面语及口语,它以否定句的形式出现,用于对某一具体行为和抽象概念的否定。其惯用结构一般有以下三种:一、There is + no + Noun + in doing something1.其中名词为表“利弊”、“用途”的抽象名词,如:There is no good in going. 去没有什么好处。
40、There is no harm in doing that. 那样做并无害处。There is no use in doing it. 干此事毫无用处。2.其中名词为表“价值”、“意义”的抽象名词,如:There is no sense in waiting here. 在这里等候下去毫无意义。There is no point in doing so. 这样做毫无意义。There is no disgrace in failing once. 一旦失败也不丢脸。(注:此结构中的介词可以省略,如:There is no use asking hershe doesnt know anythi
41、ng.)二、There is + no + doing something1.其中的动词(do)多为“转述”或“认知”等意义的动词,如:tell, say, know等,其后一般跟疑问句,如when,what等。There is no saying what may happen. 很难说会发生什么事。There is no telling when he will return. 说不清他何时回来。There is no knowing when we shall meet again. 不知何时我们能再相会。2.其他动词,其意义相当灵活。There is no mistaking what
42、 ought to be done. 应该做什么是清楚的。There is no denying the fact. 事实无可否认。There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不能倒转。There is no getting along with him. 他很难相处。Once she starts talking, there is no stopping her. 一旦她打开话匣子,就说个没完。There is no joking with him. 和他不能开玩笑。三、There is + no + Action Noun此结构
43、的含义相当于Its impossible /unnecessary to do something。如:There is no hurry about it. 没有必要这么急匆匆的。There is no question of his honesty. 他的诚实是勿庸置疑的。有时,在此结构中的Action Noun被动名词形式所取代,其意义不变。试比较:There is no escape from the evident.There is no escaping the fact.两句都表示:无法逃(躲)避但是,有时也存在意义上的区别,试比较:a. There is no doubt at
44、 all about it.b. There is no doubting her virtue.句a为“存在句”,意即:对于此事不存在任何的疑问。句b则是不表“存在”的一种惯用结构,意即:她的贞操勿庸置疑。以上三种结构除用于陈述句外,尚可见于疑问句。如:Is there any use in discussing the matter further? 这种事再讨论下去有何益处?Is there any hurry about it? 这事需要匆忙吗?此惯用结构中的be有时可与情态动词连用,其语气更趋委婉。如:There could be no mistaking where he had
45、come from. 他从哪里来是相当清楚的。此结构中的no也不是一成不变的,它可被其他形式所取代。如:There isnt any getting away from it. 要从它那里逃脱是不可能的。There was never believing half of what he said. 他的话连一半也不信。Theres never any predicting what they will do next. 无法料及他们下一步将会干什么There be是英语中最常见的又是非常重要的句型,它是表示存在 的一种基本方式,其句型结构通常为:There be + sb./sth. + so
46、mewhere/doing sth.但作为英语教师,仅仅知道这点用法还远远不够,There be还有更多较为特殊的用法。下面笔者想通过例子来共同商榷。 我们都知道 There be 后面可跟一个名词或动名词,请看下面例句: 1. There is a shop at the corner, where you can buy fruits. 在拐角处有家商店,你可以在那里买水果。 2. There is no knowing what may happen tomorrow. 谁也不知道明天将发生什么。 同时,我们也可以根据表达的需要,在There与 be之间用上恰当的情态动词can,may,must,should,will等,构成:There will /may/must/can,etc. be. 请看: 1. There will be another bridge across the Yellow River with the quick development of the economy of China. 随着中国经济的飞速发展,黄河上将有另一座桥。