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1、第四章：翻译技巧（上）,1. 增译法（amplification） 2. 省译法（omission） 3. 词类转换法（conversion） 4. 正反互译法（negation）,英汉两种语言在词法和句法结构方面存在很大的差异。增词（译）法就是指在翻译时按照修辞句法上的需要在译文中增加一些原文中虽无但有其意的词。增译的目的是为了更加忠实通顺地表达原文的内容，而决不是无中生有地随意增加。所以，要通顺忠实地译出原文的涵义，译文中势必有所增减。,Amplification (增译法),第四讲：翻译技巧（上）增译法 ,增加动词 增加形容词或副词 增加名词 增加代词 增加语气词或量词,1、增加动词,1
2、). Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.,读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记（写作）使人准确。,第四讲：翻译技巧（上）增译法 ,2) . We dont regret, we never have and never will.,我们不会后悔，我们从来没有后悔过，我们将来也不会后悔。,3). After the basketball, he still has an important conference.,看完篮球比赛之后，他还有一个重要会议要参加。,2. 增加形容词或副词,1
3、). With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!,中国人民正以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！,人群渐渐散开了。,2). The crowds melted away.,他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。,3). As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.,第四讲：翻译技巧（上）增译法 ,4). She lingered long over his letter.,她反反复复地回味着他的来信。,第四讲：翻译技巧（上）增译法 ,玛丽的丈夫癌症去世后，就
4、靠洗衣服维持生活。,2). Mary washed for a living after her husband died of cancer.,3). He ate and drank, for he was exhausted.,他吃了 点东西，喝了点酒，因为他疲惫不堪了。,3. 增加名词,1). First you borrow, then you beg.,头一遭借钱，下一遭就讨饭。,4). That black jacket is indeed cheap and fine.,那件黑夹克真是价廉物美。,5). He was wrinkled and black, with scant
5、 gray hair.,他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发灰白稀疏。,6). A new kind of carsmall, cheapis attracting increasing attention.,一种新型轿车正越来越引起人们的注意这种轿车体积小，价钱便宜。,由例4.5.6可见，均在形容词前增加名词，从而使译文更具体，更符合译语习惯。,7). His arrogance made everyone dislike him.,他的傲慢态度使谁也不喜欢他。,8). After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the
6、 U.S. to San Francisco.,一切准备工作就绪以后， 飞机就飞越美国去了旧金山。,由例78可以看出， 某些动词或形容词派生来的抽象名词，翻译时可以根据上下文在其后面增添适当的名词，使译文更符合规范。 又如：,to persuade 说服 persuasion说服工作 to prepare 准备 preparation准备工作 backward 落后 backwardness落后状态 tense 紧张 tension紧张局势 arrogant 自满 arrogance自满情绪 mad 疯狂 madness 疯狂行为 antagonistic敌对 antagonism 敌对态度,
7、4. 增加代词,1). 小不忍则乱大谋。,If one is not patient in small thing, one will never be able to control great ventures.,2). 交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方，这样你才能把工作做好。（钟述孔英汉翻译手册）,Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.
8、 Only thus can you do your work well. (Zhong Shukong, A Handbook of Translation),He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.,3). 没有调查就没有发言权。,当然了，例还可以认为是增补主语“he”。 又如：“又要马儿跑得快, 又要马儿不吃草, 简直可笑。”,You want the horse to run fast and yet you dont let it graze. Isnt it ridiculous!,Dont put
9、 your hands in your pockets.,4). 别把手搁在口袋里。,5). 一天天冷起来了。,It is getting colder day by day.,6) 尝试而失败还是比不尝试好。,It is better to try and fail than never try at all.,7). 你三星期完成这项设计不容易。,It was not easy for you to finish this design in three weeks.,8). 把钟拆开比把它装起来容易。 It is easier to take a clock apart than to
10、put it together again.,5、增加语气词或量词,汉语有许多语气助词，如“的”、“吧”、“呢”、“啊”、“呀”、“嘛”、“吗”、“啦”、“了”不同的语气词可以发挥不同的作用，英汉互译时需用心体验，以期译出从意义和修辞色彩等都符合的译文。同时，英语中的数词（包括不定冠词a）与可数名词直接连用，它们之间并无量词，而汉语往往要借助量词。因此英译汉时，应根据实际情况恰当地增加表示其形状、特征或材料的名量词。,不要生气嘛！我不过开开玩笑罢了。,1). Dont get angry. Im just making fun of you.,3). They (the eyes) were
11、the same colour as the sea, cheerful and undefeated.,2). As for me, I didnt agree from the very beginning.,我呢，从一开始就不赞成。,那双眼睛啊，像海水一样的蓝，令人愉快，毫不沮丧,4). A red sun is rising slowly on the horizon.,一轮红日正从地平线上冉冉升起。,5). A stream was winding its way through the valley into the Dadu river.,一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到大渡河去了。
12、,6）This too was a complicate lie.,这也纯粹是一派胡言。,7). Once, they had a quarrel.,有一次，他们争吵了一番。,从例7、8、9可见，英语中有些动词或动作名词，译成汉语时常需增加一些表示行为、动作的动量词。又如：have a rest 休息一下; make a stop停一下.,8). Seeing is believing.,百闻不如一见。,9). The essence remains its identity while appearances may vary.,万变不离其宗。,White clouds float over
13、 the blue sky. Can you manage without help? I dare say that the Chinese way of reforms is more characteristic and effective than others. He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair. We have to analyze and solve problems. 6. Rain or shine, Ill go there. 7.He felt the patriot rise within his breast.,1. 蓝蓝的天上漂浮着朵朵白云。 2. 如果没有人帮忙，你能应付的了吗？ 3. 我认为，中国的改革方式比别国的改革方式更富有特色、更卓有成效。 4.他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发灰白稀。 5.我们必须分析问题，解决问题。 6.晴也罢，雨也罢，我都要去那里。 7. 他感到一种爱国热情从心中涌起。,