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1、话题04社会文化Passage 1“The research is clear that usable knowledge-that is, learning that can be transferred to new situations- only occurs when individuals arc actively making sense of the world, (Science and Engineering for Grades 6-12: Investigation and Design al the Center, p.57)One of the recent inn
2、ovations (仓1J新)in science and engineering education is the central focus on having students figure out puzzling phenomena and solving real- world problems. This idea builds on decades of research on how people learn and shifts the focus fromieaming about a science topic or the engineering design pro
3、cess to figuring out how to explain a phenomenon they see or solving a problem. With this focus, students learn ideas and skills because they realize they are missing some knowledge or skill that would allow them to answer their own questions-to satisfy their curiosity.Students engagement in their o
4、wn learning is a strong predictor of their achievement, and teachers often report that i( is a challenge to engage students in learning when they are not face to-face in a classroom. However, by centering students experience on figuring something out (hat they are genuinely curious about, science an
5、d engineering learning can become the most engaging part of a students day, even in remote learning environments. A phenomenon-and problem-centered focus provides opportunities to connect learning more closely to students own lives and therefore to make it more relevant to them when they arc at home
6、.If students explore a phenomenon or problem that they see in their own home, neighborhood, or community, (hey can more easily apply the learning in other aspects of their lives.1. Why is the quotation put at the beginning of the text?A.To popularize the idea of a book.B.To lead in the authors conce
7、pt.C.To arouse the readers interest.D.To introduce the background.2. What did science and engineering education use to focus on?A.Learning knowledge.B.Finding a problem.C.Explaining a phenomenon.D.Teaching oneself.3. What should students of science and engineering education be encouraged to do?A. To
8、 talk about a science topic or the engineering design process.己的坚持不懈的努力，最终用太阳能为学校的科学实验室提供能源的事情。9 .细节理解题。根据第三段中“As he began his research on solar energy, he discovered a useful phone app. By entering an address, he could find out how much sunlight the location receives each day. Based on how much sun
9、light it receives, he found that his school building was the best location.（当他开始研究太阳能 时，他发现了一个有用的手机应用程序。只要输入一个地址，他就可以知道这个位置每天接收多少 阳光。根据接收到的阳光量，他发现他的教学楼是最正确地点。）”可知，Stewart在手机应用程序的帮 助下，为他的工程找到了一个完美的地点。应选B项。10 .细节理解题。根据第四段中“Since Sayre provided the initial seed money to provide infrastructure （基 础设施）an
10、d the purchase of one panel, the project has grown to include a total of 30 panels.（由于 Sayre 提 供了提供基础设施的初始种子资金，并购买了一块太阳能电池板，该工程已扩大到包括30块太阳能 电池板。）可知，Stewart是通过说服Synergy Home提供免费面板而得到他的计划种子资金的。应选 C项。11 .推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Wheeler said the success of the project was due to Stewarts efforts and willingness （
11、o follow through on the project from start to finishWheeler 说，这个项 Fl 的成功归功于 Stewart的努力，以及从始至终坚持工程的意愿。）以及Wheeler话中“but Stewart had the persistence and courage to make it h叩pen（但Stewart有毅力和勇气让它实现）”可以推断，Stewart是个有决心的孩子。 应选C项。12 .主旨大意题。阅读全文，尤其根据第二段中“In order to reduce the carbon footprint, Stewart plann
12、ed to produce enough solar energy to power the schools science labs.（为 了减少碳足迹，Stewart 计划生产足 够的太阳能为学校的科学实验室提供动力。）可知，文章主要介绍了来自美国大学预备学校塞尔中 学的Parker Stewart通过自己的坚持不懈的努力，最终用太阳能为学校的科学实验室提供能源的事情。 应选A项。13 . D14. C15. A16. C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一本新书中国故事：英文版，它以英文剧本呈现中国故 事。13 .细节理解题。由第一段中的“Planned by the New Chann
13、el International Education Group with the participation of playwrights （居小作者）from China, the United Kingdom and （he United Slates, the book provides a new way for young people to learn English while inheriting （传承）and spreading Chinese culture.”（由新海峡国际教育集团筹划，来自中国、英国和美国的剧作家参与该书，为年轻人在继承 和传播中国文化的同时学习英语
14、提供了一种新的途径。），可知中国故事：英文版能让年轻人 在继承和传播中国文化的同时学习英语，所以它的出版是为了促进英语学习和文化传承。应选D项。 14.细节理解题。由第二段中的“Unlike the most common English scripts for young readers on the market which are based on adaptations of European and American stories, those presented in this book are unique fbr being based on classic Chinese
15、stories, readapted and written in English.（与市面上最常见的以欧美 故事改编为基础的面向年轻读者的英文剧本不同，本书所呈现的剧本是以中国经典故事为基础，以 英文改编而成。），可知中国故事：英文版是以中国经典故事为基础的，只是用了英文改编， 它介绍的还是中国的经典故事。应选C项。15 .推理判断题。由最后一段中的Hu believes the courses will set off a new wave of enthusiastic learning among young people.,（胡敏认为，这些课程将在年轻人中掀起新一轮的热情学习。），可
16、知胡敏认 为开设的课程会在年轻人中掀起新一轮的热情学习，说明胡敏对开设的课程持期待的态度。应选A 项。16 .推理判断题。通读全文可知，中国故事：英文版旨在用英语介绍中国经典故事，讲中国文 化。由此推知，文章会出现在杂志的“文化”局部。应选C项。17 . A18. C19. B20. C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国汉语言文化中的姓氏文化。17 .推理判断题。根据第一段第二三句话Thats because those arc the five most common surnames in China shared by 30% of the population. And the v
17、ast majority of the population share just 100 of those surnames.（这是因为这是中国最常见的五个姓氏，占总人口的3（）%。而绝大多数人的姓氏只有10（） 个。）可推知，在中国普通姓氏较少。应选A。18 .细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话China is less racially diverse than countries such as the US, wherea wealth of minority groups increase surname diversity”（与美国等国家相比，中国的种族多样性 较低，在美国，丰富的少
18、数族裔群体增加了姓氏的多样性。）可知，少数民族可以增加姓氏的多样 性。应选C。19 .细节理解题。根据文章第五段“People with rare characters in their names, which arent compatible（兼 容的）with existing computer systems, can get left behindpushing many to change their names for the sake of convenience, even if it means abandoning centuries of heritage and la
19、nguages?* （名字中有罕见字 符的人，与现有的计算机系统不兼容，可能会被抛在后面迫使许多人为了方便而改名，即使这 意味着放弃几个世纪以来的传统和语言。）可知，名字里有罕见字符的人可能不得不改名字。应选Bo20 .推理判断题。根据最后段第句话“To try to address this, experts have increased the database from 32,000 characters to 70,000characters, according to the government. （为了 解决这个问题，专家们已经 将数据库从32000字增加到了 70000字，根据
20、政府的说法。）可知，此处this“这个问题”，应是倒数 第二段中提到的“名字里有罕见字符）由此推知，专家增加了字符数据库是为了人们在取名的时候 有更多的选择，而不至于被迫改名。应选C。B. To focus on the knowledge and skill they need for (he course.C. lb prepare (hemselves for the ability to solve real problems.D. To engage themselves in real-world phenomena and problems.4. How will student
21、s benefit from the innovation in science and engineering education?A. They will become more curious.B. They will become the center of the course.C. They will be motivated to learn.D. They will have better learning environment.Passace2At some point in our lives, most of us have attended a school or u
22、niversity lecture. These learning sessions give us some insightful and valuable knowledge or can be something we yawn through, trying to keep awake. Whatever our experience, lectures have been and still are the most common teaching method in education. But will they exist in the future?With the grow
23、th of the Internet and so much information at our fingertips, you may think there is no need to gather together at a fixed location holding a handful of textbooks. BBC journalist Matt Pickles says, “Research has shown that students remember as little as 10 percent of their lectures just days afterwa
24、rds.”Professor Carl Wieman. who campaigns against the traditional lecture, felt talking at students and expecting them to absorb knowledge was not that effective so he introduced active learning that encourages problem solving in small groups. He listens to them and guides their discussions. The res
25、ult has improved exam results. Other new alternatives to the lecture have included pccr-to-pccr learning and project-based learning that enable students to link up and work cooperatively on projects such as building a computer game.But new learning methods can come at a high financial cost compared
26、to the relatively cheap way of being taught face to face by an academic. The real issue according to Professor Dan Butin, founding dean of the school of education and social policy at Merrimack College in Massachusetts, is that “Academics put thousands of hours of work into their books and much less
27、 time into thinking about the effectiveness of their teaching stylc. But he says, “The lecture has sun ived because research, not teaching, determines the success of a university and its academics.So if research quality is a measure of a universitys success and money is tight, then the lecture could
28、 be here for a little longer.5. What may Malt Pickles agree with?A. Students have a poor memory.B. Students dont work hard enough.C. Lectures are not so effective as expected.D. The Internet offers far more information than lectures.6. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A. Teaching projects.B.
29、Learning strategies.C. Alternatives to lectures.D. Ways of communication.7. Why will lectures still exist in ihe future according to Professor Dan Butin?A.They promote active learning.B.They call for the leasl memory work.C.They determine the success of a university. D.They contribute to academic ac
30、hievements.8. How does the author develop the passage?A.By analyzing data.B.By listing opinions.C.By making comparison.D.By concluding general rules.Passace3Parker Stewart, a 16-year- old student from Sayre School in America, decided last year that he wanted to study the environment by himself to ha
31、ve a broad influence on the community.In order to reduce the carbon footprint, Stewart planned to produce enough solar energy to power the schools science labs. Now his plan is set to happen. To fix 30 solar panels （太阳能板）is scheduled for late November.As he began his research on solar energy, he dis
32、covered a useful phone app. By entering an address, he could find out how much sunlight the location receives each day. Based on how much sunlight it receives, he found that his school building was the best location. At the suggestion of his science teacher, Debbie Wheeler, he first performed an ene
33、rgy calculation of the science lab to see how much energy a typical lab uses per day. Then, he started his research, contacting a local company of solar panels, Synergy Home, to do the job. He lacked money for starting the project, so he convinced Sayres head to support him after explaining the bene
34、fits of solar power for the school and community.Since Sayre provided the initial seed money to provide infrastructure （基础设施）and the purchase of one panel, the project has grown to include a total of 30 panels. They are expected to produce enough energy to run all the science labs on campus.“It feel
35、s like a drcam to think that an idea I had from my AP Environmental class would have this kind of influence,n said Stewart, expressing gratitude for Wheelers help. Wheeler said the success of the project was due to Stewarts efforts and willingness to follow through on the project from start to finis
36、h. 44Ive had other students talk about environmental initiatives （建议）on campus, but Stewart had the persistence and courage to make it happen,“ she said.Stewart said that he would eventually like to study environmental engineering at Stanford University in California.9. What did Stewart do with the
37、help of the phone app?A. He began his research on solar energy.B. He found a perfect site for his project.C. He did an energy calculation of the science lab.D. He identified the specific address of his school.10. How did Stewart get seed money for his project?A. By getting support from his school.B.
38、 By asking for help from his science teacher.C. By convincing Synergy Home to provide free panels.D. By collecting money from his school and community. 11. Which word can best describe Stewart?A. Faithful.B. Flexible.C. Determined. D. Addicted.12. What is the passage mainly about?A. Students search
39、for solar energy.B. A teacher helps a student do a project.C. A student plays a part in cutting carbon.D. Students talk about the environmental protection.Passage,The first set of Chinese stories presented in English scripts （居l本），titled Stories of China: Performed in English, was officially publish
40、ed by Foreign Languages Press. Planned by the New ChannelInternational Education Group with the participation of playwrights （剧作者）from China, the United Kingdom and the United States, the book provides a new way for young people to learn English while inheriting （传承）and spreading Chinese culture.The
41、 book contains 20 English scripts in novel formats covering a wide range of subjects. Unlike the most common English scripts for young readers on the market which are based on adaptations of European and American stories, those presented in ihis book are unique for being based on classic Chinese sto
42、ries, readapted and written in English. The book is divided into first to third grades in terms of grammar and vocabulary difficulty, making it suitable for young English learners from primary school to junior and high school.All the scripts in the book arc written by top playwrights with elegant, p
43、ure and vivid language. The scripts arc provided with a summary of the story in both Chinese and English, so that readers can fully understand the plot as well as the history and culture behind it. Readers can not only improve their English skills through immersive （沉浸式）reading and performance but a
44、lso appreciate Chinese culture.Hu Min, English education expert and founder of the New. Channel, said the combination of traditional culture and English teaching has become a trend, guiding young people to bring their own wisdom and deep cultural heritage to tell Chinese stories to the world. New Ch
45、annel will offer special courses on Stories of China: Performed in English in its many schools across the country, and cooperate with primary and secondary schools in Beijing, Shanghai to offer English drama courses on a trial basis. Hu believes （he courses will set off a new wave of enthusiastic le
46、arning among young people.13. Why was Stories of China: Performed in English published?A. To offer English drama courses on a trial basis.B. To make foreign students enjoy Chinese culture.C. lb advertise some of the top playwrights in China.D. To improve English learning and culture heritage.14. Wha
47、t do we know about the book?A. Ils been published by a foreign press.B. It stands out fbr its unique writing style.C. It introduces classic Chinese stories.D. Its been popular in various schools.15. Whats Hu Mins attitude towards the courses to be offered?B. Doubtful.A. Expectant.C.Objective.D.Conse
48、rvative.16. In which section of a magazine might the text appear?A.Business.B.Lifestyle.C.Culture.D.Politics.Passage5If you stop a random person on the street in China, theres a pretty good chance （hat （heir surname would be either Wang, Li, Zhang, Liu or Chen.Thats because those are the five most c
49、ommon sumamesin China shared by 30% of the population. And the vast majority of the population share just 100 of those surnames. In comparison, the United States reported 6.3 million surnames in its 2010 census.There are a few reasons for this: China is less racially diverse than countries such as the US, where a wealth of min