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1、话题08动物保护PassaielScientists say baby sharks are at risk of being born smaller and without the energy they need to survive because of warming oceans from climate change. Scientists studied epaulette sharks, which live off Australia and New Guinea. They found warmer conditions sped up the sharks1 growi
2、ng process, which meant the sharks were born earlier.John Mandelman, chief scientist of the Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life said the findings could be used in the study of other sharks.Mandelman said it is widely believed that epaulette sharks are hardy/ or able to survive difficult conditions.
3、 What it means is that this species is more vulnerable than we thought, and this could be true of other sharks/ he added.The scientists studied 27 sharks using the New England Aquariums reproduction program. Some were raised in average summer water temperatures. Others were raised in higher temperat
4、ures. They found the sharks raised in warmer temperatures weighed much less than those raised in average temperatures.One study this year found that worldwide numbers of oceanic sharks and rays dropped more than 70 percent between 1970 and 2018. Overfishing is a main concern, while climate change an
5、d pollution also threaten sharks.Carolyn Wheeler, a doctoral student at the University of Massachusetts Boston and the author of the epaulette shark study, said while all the sharks survived, those raised in warmer temperatures were not strong enough to survive for long in the wild. She added that i
6、f the sharks are born smaller than usual nthey are probably going to have to start looking for food sooner - and theyre going to have less time to adjust to their surroundings.nMariah Pfleger, an ocean scientist said the study should serve as a warning to ocean governing agencies that careful superv
7、ision is needed to prevent the loss of more sharks.n This study further shows that sharks will not be immune to a warming ocean,1 Pfleger added.1. What does the author want to tell us in paragraph 1 ?A. Oceans get warmer because of climate change.B. Climate change affects sharks growing process.票决定是
8、否引入物种是之前没有过的，这种方式产生的结果可能不那么明智，而且支持者也有一定 的局限性，所以他认为通过投票来让灰狼回归是不公平的，应选A。15 .细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Rcintroduction program biologists promise to make it a priority to work with people living alongside wolves, providing training and resources to keep the wolves out of the farms in the first place.（重新引入计划的生物学家将优先
9、与和狼一起生活的人合作，首先提供培训和 资源，让狼远离农场）”可知，该计划的生物学家首先会和与狼一起生活的当地人接触合作，应选B。16 .主旨大意题。新闻报道的主题常位于第一段。根据第一段“Voters in Colorado narrowly approved an initiative （计划）,setting the stage for the return of gray wolves, which were wiped out in this area by the 1940s. This is the first time that a state has reintroduced
10、 an animal like this.（科罗拉多州公民投票以微弱 优势通过了一项计划，为重新引入灰狼铺平了道路；20世纪40年代，灰狼在科罗拉多州被消灭。这是首次一个州以这样的方式重新引入一种动物户可知，本报道主要是围绕科罗拉多州通过投票的 方式重新引入灰狼展开，也就是狼要重新回到他们之前的居住地了。所以选项A“狼要回家了”概括 文章大意，是最合适的标题，应选A。17. D18. C19 D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了长臂猿栖息地丧失的解决方案。【详解】.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In July 2014, a typhoon caused landslides across th
11、e reserve, creating gaps in the forest that were difficult for these primates to cross”可知台风引起了山体滑坡，造成了这些灵 长类动物很难穿越的裂缝；再结合第一段内容可知，这种裂缝会使长臂猿面临生存问题，故自然灾 害给长臂猿造成了威胁。应选D。1 .词句猜想题。根据划线词所在的句子“using all arms and legs to the opposite side. （用胳膊和腿到 相反面）可知这里意思是长臂猿在绳索下方摇摆。shimmied”意思是摇摆，应选C。2 .主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now,
12、a new study suggests a couple of strong ropes could really help bridge thegap.（现在，一项新的研究说明，几根结实的绳子真的可以帮助弥合差距）结合全文内容，可知 文章介绍了长臂猿栖息地丧失的解决方案。应选D。C. New finding on short life span of sharks is released.D. Sharks are at risk of dying out.2. What do we know about epaulette sharks?A. They are sensitive to
13、climate change.B. They can survive any difficult situation.C. Climate change has little effect on them.D. The situation is serious even for them.3. What can be inferred according to Mariah Pfleger?A. Overfishing and ocean pollution should be stopped.B , Sharks have to adjust themselves to warmer sui
14、roundings.C. Measures should be taken to prevent climate change.D. The number of sharks will continue dropping.4. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Baby Sharks Struggle to Survive in Warming OceanWhether Sharks Can Survive or Not Is a QuestionB. Climate Change Threatens Marine OrganismsTh
15、e Premature Sharks Are Faced With ChallengesPassage2Why did the little boy throw butter out of the window? He wanted to see the butterfly! Thafs an old joke youve probably heard many times. Butterflies always carry away children.Most insects do not migrate（迁徙），because their life is not long enough.
16、Except for one particular butterfly species-the monarch butterfly. Each November, monarch butterflies land on an unbelievable cross-country migration from the United States and Canada until they reach Mexico, where they overwinter until its time to begin their migration back home in March. The butte
17、rflies spend their time in concentrated areas of forest where they stick to the branches of trees, forming beautiful vast crowds. Monarchs are a truly important species-and theyre in danger.Just like living things, plants, insects or animals on the planet, monarchs play a vital role in the survival
18、of our ecosystems. Butterflies-just like bees, also in great danger-help pollinate（授粉）plants, making them a significant contributor to crop growth and food production. They also serve as a food sourceto birds and other animals. The population of monarch butterflies has dropped a lot over the past fe
19、w decades-a destructive 96. 5 percent. This has placed monarchs in danger of moving toward dying out.Several causes have contributed to the monarchs decline. Climate change, loss of reproductive homes, and deforestation in Mexico9s forests where monarchs overwinter have all affected the butterflys m
20、igration pattern and home. But the most significant danger is the decline in milkweed, the plant where monarchs lay their eggs, and that serves as the only food source for caterpillars（幼虫）.Much of the milkweed decline is due to agricultural practices that either remove this vital plant or destroy it
21、 through pesticides（农药）.5. . Why do monarch butterflies move to Mexico?A. To survive the cold weather.B. To escape from being hunted.C. To take advantage of the flowers there.D. To cooperate with the bees there.6. How do monarch butterflies affect ecosystems?A. They help birds to catch their food.C.
22、 They contribute to crop production.7. Whats the best title for the passage?A. Monarch Butterflies MigrateC. Fight to Save Monarch ButterfliesB , They produce seeds for wild plants.D. They bring food to other animals.B , Butterflies Attract ChildrenD. Monarch Butterflies Are in DangerWhat may be tal
23、ked about following this passage?A. Why monarch butterflies decline.B. How monarch butterflies can be saved.C. How monarch butterflies reproduce.D. Why monarch butterflies migrate.Passaee3Malaysias last rhinoceros（犀牛），Iman, died last November. Some skin, eggs and tissue are all thatremain of her. No
24、w, scientists plan to use experimental technology to try to bring back Malaysias rhinos by using cells from Iman and two other dead rhinos.Muhammad, biologist at the International Islamic University of Malaysia, said, “If everything.well and everybody supports us, ifs not impossible.Malaysias rhinos
25、, the smallest among the worlds rhinos, once lived across Asia. But hunting andforest losses reduced their numbers. There are about 80 such rhinos left in Indonesia. But, in Malaysia, the species disappeared from the wild in 2015. Iman was 25 when she died at her home in a protected natural area on
26、Borneo island. Tam, the countrys last male rhino, died there in May of 2019. Efforts to get the two to mate and produce young had failed.John Payne of the Borneo Rhino Alliance has worked to save Malaysias rhinos for about 40 years. He said that Tam was likely too old to produce good sperm. To incre
27、ase the chances of success, one should get sperm and eggs from the rhinos in Indonesia/9 he said. But, Payne said Indonesia is not supportive of the idea.The Malaysian scientists plan to use cells from the dead rhinos to create an embryo. The embryo will then be placed into a living rhino, or a clos
28、ely related animal, such as the horse. The plan is similar to one for the African northern white rhinoceros, of which there are only just two left. Even if it worked, the animals9 lack of diversity could create a threat to their long-term survival, Galli told Reuters.Indonesian scientist Arief Boedi
29、ono is among those helping in Malaysia. Arief hopes that success there will help his countrys rhinos.“It may take five, 10, 20 years. I dont know,“ Arief said. But there has already been some success involving lab rats in Japan, so that means there is a chance.For now, however, Imans skin will be us
30、ed to create a reproduction of the animal. It will be placed alongside a reproduction of Tam in a Borneo museum.8. What do Muhammads words actually mean?A. There are no chances of the successful rescue of Malaysias rhinos.B. Indonesia government is to blame for rhinos rescue and extinction.C. The wo
31、rld organizations should support the rhinos, rescue.D. There exists hope fbr the rebirth of Malaysias rhinos.9. What accounts fbr rhinos9 extinction in Malaysia?A. Unexpected disaster.B. Shooting and narrowed habitats.C. Broken food chain.D. Climate changing continuously.10. Whats the best tile for
32、the text?A. Scientists try to bring back Malaysias rhinos.B. An experimental technology is facing challenges.C. Welcome to team up to save wild animals.D. Rhinos in danger are drawing attention.11. What is the general tone of the text?A. IndifferentB. Objective. C. Ridiculous. D. Pessimistic.Passage
33、dVoters in Colorado narrowly approved an initiative （计戈U）, setting the stage for the return of gray wolves, which were wiped out in this area by the 1940s. This is the first time that a state has reintroduced an animal like this.The Colorado Parks and Wildlife department will lead the effort to esta
34、blish a sustainable population of gray wolves in the western part of the state, beginning in 2022 or 2023. The Southern Rocky Mountains, where there used to be a lot of them, contain millions of acres of suitable habitat that could support several hundred wolves or more, biologists say.However, some
35、 say its unwise to leave the question to voters. State biologists have previously declined to introduce wolves. There*s a reason its never been done before.says Shawn Martini, spokesperson for Coloradans for Protecting Wildlife, noting that most supporters are from urban areas and they dont have to
36、live alongside the animal, unlike people living in the countryside. Farmers and hunters dont favor the initiative, either. Farmers worry wolves will kill their cattle while hunters worry they will lose elk （驼鹿）to the predators.On the other hand, according to Jonathan Proctor, a conservationist with
37、the Defenders of Wildlife, reintroducing wolves will restore Colorados natural balance. They help thin out sick animals, maintaining healthy populations of deer and elk. The remains of wolf kills also provide food for eaters of the dead”, including wolverines, eagles, and bears. He also emphasizes t
38、he experience of living with wolves in other places, like the Northern Rockies, has shown that wolves are not the threat people sometimes make them out to be. Reintroduction program biologists promise to make it a priority to work with people living alongside wolves, providing training and resources
39、 to keep the wolves out of the farms in the first place. And a program will be funded to pay farmers for their lost cattle.12. What can we learn about the Southern Rocky Mountains from the text?A. They are heavily populated.B. They were inhabited by wolves.C. They are in the east of Colorado.D. They
40、 are home to small animals.13. Whats Shawn Martini*s opinion about the return of the gray wolves?A. Its unfair to make it happen by voting.B. Its welcomed by urban and rural people.C. State biologists shouldnt have opposed it.D. The wolves should be put somewhere else.14. What will the program biolo
41、gists probably do first?A.Buy more cattle.B.Reach out to the locals.C.Relocate the wolves.D.Clear the site for wolves.15. What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Wolves are Coming Home.B.No Worries about Wolves.C. Always Vote for What is Right. D. Wolves Help Local Ecosystem.Passage5For animals
42、that spend most of their lives in the high trees, gaps in the forest might as well be the Grand Canyon. These gaps are especially hard on gibbons（长臂猴）；although larger males can leap across some gaps, females and the young can be cut off from food, companions, and even potential mates. Now, a new stu
43、dy suggests a couple of strong ropes could really help bridge the gap.Gibbons are at risk of extinction across Southeast Asia, largely because of habitat loss. With about 30 individuals left, the Hainan gibbon is considered the rarest primate（灵长类）on Earth. All of these animals live on the Hainan Baw
44、angling National Nature Reserve. In July2014, a typhoon caused landslides across the reserve, creating gaps in the forest that were difficult for these primates to cross.To help reconnect the habitats, professional tree climbers set up an artificial H bridgenmade of two mountaineering-grade ropes ac
45、ross a 15-meter-wide valley. Nearly 6 months later,the gibbons started to use the bridge to cross the gap, researchers report today in Scientific Reports. The team documented 52 crossings of a group of eight gibbons, with most walking along one rope while holding on to the second rope for support,wh
46、ich the scientists namednhandrail. The gibbons also shimmied underneath the ropes using all arms and legs to the opposite side.Conservationists previously built artificial bridges to help other species such as the Bornean orangutan and the Javan slow loris. But this is the first example of the rare
47、Hainan gibbon using them. The rope bridges could be a short-term solution to reconnect disjointed（脱节的）habitats, the researchers argue.16. What do we know about gibbons from the second paragraph?A. Rarely are gibbons seen for the population decline.B. Habitat loss was to blame for gibbons* dying out.
48、C. Gibbons couldnt cross gaps caused by a typhoon.D. The natural disaster may have posed a threat to gibbons.17. What does the underlined nshimmiedn likely mean?A. Lifted.B. Grabbed.19. What is the text mainly about?A. The reasons for gibbons* dying out.C. The measures to save gibbons.C. Swung.D. Sp
49、read.B. The importance of saving gibbons.D. The solution to gibbons* habitat loss.“答案】I【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家表示，由于气候变化导致海洋变暖，小鲨鱼生下来就 会变得更小，没有生存所需的能量。1 .主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Scientists say baby sharks are at risk of being bom smaller and without the energy they need to survive because of warming oceans from climate