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1、Unit3,Watch the video and answer the following questions.,1. According to Mark, why did people come to the Facemash in a stampede?,Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,It wasnt because they saw pictures of hot girls, but because they saw pictu
2、res of girls they knew.,For one thing, there was nothing to hack. People would provide their own pictures, their own information, and people had the ability to invite, or not invite, their friends to join. In addition, in a world where social structure was everything, that was the thing.,2. Accordin
3、g to Eduardo, what was so great about the idea?,Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 2,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,From Youve Got Mail,Mark: Eduardo: Mark: Eduardo: Mark:,People came to the Facemash in a stampede, right? Yeah. But it wasnt because they saw pictures of hot
4、girls. You can go anywhere on the Internet and see pictures of hot girls. Yeah. Thats because they saw pictures of girls they knew. People want to go on the Internet and check out their friends, so why not build a website that offers that? Friends, pictures, profiles, whatever you can visit, browse
5、around. Maybe its someone you just met at a party. But Im not talking about a dating site. Im talking,Video Script1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,Video Script1,Eduardo: Mark: Eduardo: Eduardo: Mark: Mark:,about taking the entire social experience of college and putting it online. I can
6、t feel my legs. I know. Im totally psyched about this, too. But, Wardo? Yeah? (recalling): “It would be exclusive.” You would have to know the people on the site to get past your own page, like getting punched. Now, thats good. Wardo, its like a final club, except were the president.,Video Script1,E
7、duardo:,(recalling): I told him I thought it sounded great. It was a great idea. There was nothing to hack. People were gonna provide their own pictures, their own information. And people had the ability to invite, or not invite, their friends to join. See, in a world where social structure was ever
8、ything, that was the thing.,The Internet is a wonderful source from which we can retrieve valuable information. Moreover, it facilitates our communication with people far away from us at a cost substantially less than that of traditional means of communication. Also, it can be an important building
9、block to childrens learning because a vast amount of information is only clicks away. There is evidence suggesting that computer use is linked to slightly better academic performance.,Cultural information 1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,Pros and Cons of the Internet,Cultural informatio
10、n 2,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,However, there is sufficient evidence indicating that the Internet can exert a harmful influence on people. For example, its addictive power has increased children and,youngsters time spent in front of the computer screens at the expense of other healt
11、hier physical activities, thus increasing their chance of getting overweight and short-sighted. In addition, children have limited ability of telling right from wrong and therefore are subject to the potential contaminating influence of the harmful materials on the Internet.,Global Reading - Main id
12、ea 1,Structural analysis,Rhetorical features,If the Internet allows for the free exchange of ideas, it helps to unify us. Then how does it alienate us while uniting us? How does it fragment society while globalizing ideas? This is the issue that the author tackles in the text. This piece of argument
13、ative writing falls into three parts.,Part I,(Paragraphs 1 2): The writer presents his thesis in the opening part: the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users.,Global Reading - Main idea 1,Structural analysis,Rhetorical features,Part
14、 II,(Paragraphs 3 6): The author supports his point with evidence and reasons in the body of argumentation.,Part III,(Paragraph 7): The writer reiterates his main idea in the conclusion of the text.,Global Reading - Main idea 1,Structural analysis,Rhetorical features,The thesis statement of the text
15、 is in the second paragraph: “. the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users.”,The concluding statement appears at the beginning of the last paragraph: “All this being said, I believe that the key to realizing the potential of the Int
16、ernet is in achieving balance in our lives.”,Structural analysis 1,Structural analysis,Rhetorical features,The seeming self-contradiction that the Internet can lead to globalization on the one hand and cause the alienation of the users from the people around them on the other is reinforced by the us
17、e of pairs of antonyms.,Some examples: globalization/alienation; real / not real; reality / virtual existence; outside playing with his friends / play his games against his friends in the cyberspace,Practice: Please find more examples of antonyms in the text.,The Internet provides an amazing forum f
18、or the free exchange of ideas. Given the relatively few restrictions governing access and usage, it is the communications modal equivalent of international waters. It is my personal belief that the human potential can only be realized by the globalization of ideas. I developed this position years be
19、fore the Internet came into widespread use. And I am excited at the potential for the Internet to dramatically alter our global society for the better. However I am also troubled by the possible unintended negative consequences.,Will Baker,ALIENATION AND THE INTERNET,Detailed reading1,Detailed readi
20、ng,1,Detailed reading2,There has been much talk about the “new information age.” But much less widely reported has been the notion that the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users. At first this might sound like an apparent contradic
21、tion: how can something, that is on the one hand responsible for global unification by enabling the free exchange of ideas, alienate the participants? I had a recent discussion with a friend of mine who has what he described as a “problem” with the Internet. When I questioned further he said that he
22、 was “addicted,”,Detailed reading,2,3,Detailed reading3,and has “forced” himself to go off-line. He said that he felt like an alcoholic, in that moderate use of the Internet was just not possible for him. I have not known this fellow to be given to exaggeration, therefore when he described his Inter
23、net binges, when he would spend over twenty-four hours on line non-stop, it gave me pause to think. He said, “the Internet isnt real, but I was spending all my time on line, so I just had to stop.” He went on to say that all of the time that he spent on line might have skewed his sense of reality, a
24、nd that it made him feel lonely and depressed.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading4,The fragmentation of society has been lamented for some time now. It seems to me that it probably began in earnest after World War II when a generation returned from doing great deeds overseas. They won the war, and by
25、 God they were going to win the peace. Automobile ownership became commonplace and suburbs were created. “Progress” was their mantra. So even prior to the Internets widespread popularity, folks were already becoming distanced from their extended families and neighbors. And when we fast-forward to to
26、day we see an almost cruel irony in that people can and often do develop on-line relationships with folks on the other side of the globe, without leaving their homes.,Detailed reading,4,Detailed reading5,Detailed reading,But at the expense of the time that would have otherwise been available for inv
27、olvement in other activities which might foster a sense of community in their villages, towns and cities. Last weekend my wife and I invited our extended family to our home to celebrate our daughters birthday. During the celebration my young nephew spent the entire time on my computer playing a simu
28、lated war game. My brother-in-law and I were chatting nearby and it struck us that in generations past, his son, my nephew, would have been outside playing with his friends. But now the little fellow goes on line to play his games against his friends in cyberspace.,5,Detailed reading6,Detailed readi
29、ng,It seems to me that the Internet is a powerful tool that presents an opportunity for the advancement of the acquisition and application of knowledge. However, based on my personal experience I can understand how, as they surf the web some folks might be confronted with cognitive overload. And I c
30、an also understand how one might have his or her sense of reality distorted in the process. Is the Internet a real place? Depending upon how a “real place” is defined it might very well be. At the very least, I believe that when we use the Internet,6,Detailed reading7,Detailed reading,we are forced
31、to ask fundamental questions about how we perceive the world about us perhaps another unintended consequence. Some would argue that the virtual existences created by some users who debate, shop, travel and have romance on line are in fact not real, while others would argue that, since in practical t
32、erms, folks are debating, shopping, traveling and having romance, the converse is true.,Detailed reading8,Detailed reading,All of this being said, I believe that the key to realizing the potential of the Internet is in achieving balance in our lives. This would allow us to maximize its potential wit
33、hout losing our sense of place. However, like most things, that is easier said than done. It seems to me that we are a society that values immediate gratification above all else, and what better place to achieve it than in cyberspace, where the cyber-world is your cyber-oyster. The widespread use of
34、 the automobile forever changed our society and culture, and perhaps a similar sort of thing is occurring now. I am not at all,7,Detailed reading9,Detailed reading,certain where the “information superhighway” will lead us: some say to Utopia, while others feel its the road to hell. But I do know tha
35、t we all have the ability to maintain our sense of place in the world. Whether we choose to take advantage of this ability is another matter.,How does the author start his argument?,Detailed reading1-Quesion 1,The author starts his argument by presenting an apparent contradiction: on the one hand, t
36、he Internet facilitates global unification by enabling the free exchange of ideas; on the other, it alienates the participants.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading1-Quesion 2,Detailed reading,What is the authors purpose of citing the example of his friend in Paragraph 3? How is the example related to
37、his argument?,With the example of his friend, the author intends to convince the reader of the negative consequence of the Internet. His friend was addicted to the Internet and stayed on line too long. The side effect of the Internet upon his friend, i.e. distorting his sense of reality and making h
38、im feel lonely and depressed, is evidence that the Internet contributes to the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users.,Detailed reading1-Quesion 3,Detailed reading,What is the “cruel irony” concerning the use of the Internet mentioned at the end of Paragraph 4?,The “cruel irony”
39、 means that on the one hand the Internet provides users with a convenient means of communicating and making friends with people far apart, but on the other, it estranges them from people around them by curtailing their availability for face-to-face communication even with their families and close fr
40、iends and for involvement in community activities.,Detailed reading1-Quesion 4,Detailed reading,What is the main idea of Paragraph 6?,In this paragraph, the author means to illustrate how the overuse of the Internet may distort the users sense of reality.,Detailed reading1-Quesion 5,Detailed reading
41、,Does the author believe it is within human capacity to reap the benefit of the Internet without being penalized?,Yes. He thinks that people are able to maintain their sense of place while exploiting the resources of the Internet.,Detailed reading1 Activity 1,Detailed reading,Group discussion Do you
42、 find the Internet useful in your life? What advantages does the Internet bring to you? Are there any disadvantages of the Internet? Share your opinions about the pros and cons of the Internet with your groupmates.,given: prep. when you consider sth.,Detailed reading1 given,e.g.,Given his age (= con
43、sidering how old he is), hes remarkably active. Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.,Detailed reading,given that: conj.,e.g.,It was surprising the government was re-elected, given that they had raised taxes so much.,a. fixed for a purpose and stated as such,e.g.,They
44、 were to meet at a given time and place.,Detailed reading1 equivalent 1,Detailed reading,equivalent: n. sth. equal in value, measure, force, effect or significance,The dress cost the equivalent of a weeks salary. What is the equivalent of fifty pounds in US dollars?,e.g.,Comparison:,equivalent (of/t
45、o sth.),a. equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.,Eight kilometers is roughly equivalent to five miles.,e.g.,Comparison:,equivalent (to sth.),Detailed reading1 equivalent 2,Detailed reading,Rewrite the sentence using “equivalent”: Breathing such polluted air has the same effect as smoking
46、 ten cigarettes a day.,Answer:,Breathing such polluted air is the equivalent of smoking ten cigarettes a day. Breathing such polluted air is equivalent to smoking ten cigarettes a day.,Detailed reading1 dramatically,Detailed reading,dramatically: ad. suddenly and noticeably,e.g.,Prices have fallen d
47、ramatically. Events could have developed in a dramatically different way.,a dramatic increase/fall/change/improvement dramatic results/developments/news,e.g.,Derivation:,dramatic a.,Detailed reading1 alter,Detailed reading,alter: v. become different; make sb./sth. different,e.g.,He had altered so mu
48、ch that I scarcely recognized him. Nothing can alter the fact that we are to blame. The landscape has been radically altered, severely damaging wildlife.,They are making major/minor alterations to the house.,e.g.,Derivation:,alteration: n. a change to sth. that makes it different,Detailed reading1 a
49、lternate,Detailed reading,alternate: a. (of two things) happening or following one after the other regularly,e.g.,She puts alternate layers of fruit and cream to make cake.,v. (cause to) follow by turns,e.g.,We alternate periods of work and sleep.,Detailed reading1 alternative 1,Detailed reading,alternative: n. a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or more possibilities,e.g.,You can be paid in cash weekly or by check monthly; those are the two alternatives.,a. only before noun,e.g.,Have you got an alternative suggestion?,Detailed