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1、A CASE OF “SEVERE BIAS”Unit 12Unit 12A CASE OF “SEVERE BIAS”Watch the movie clip and answer the following questions.1. What did Joanna want from her parents? Audiovisual supplementCultural informationShe wanted her parents to state absolutely clearly that they had no objections and she wanted their
2、blessing for her marriage.He was highly-educated, mature, polite and realistic.2. What do you think of John? Audiovisual supplementCultural informationGuess Who is Coming to Dinner Mrs. Drayton: Would anybody like a cup of coffee?Mr. Drayton: What did she Mrs. Drayton say when Joanna told her? Did s
3、he raise any objections?John: None so far. There hasnt been much time.Joanna: What objections? Dad, I know this was sort of a shock because its also sudden and unexpected and it never occurred to me that I might fall in love with a negro. But I did, and nothing in the world is gonna change that. Eve
4、n if you had any objections, I would not let him go now even if you were the governor of Alabama, I mean if Mom were. So tell him, will you? Tell John if you have any objections and then you can go play golf. Audiovisual supplementCultural informationMr. Drayton: What is it that you expect me to say
5、? If you want me to think about it, then you should give me the time to think about it, wont you? The doctor said you had a problem; you certainly have. But if you are expecting any sensible statement from me, youll have to give me some time to think about it. Does that sound reasonable? John: Its r
6、easonable, Mr. Drayton, but not quite practical. Mrs. Drayton: You see, Matt, theres sort of a special problem. John: See, Ive got to fly to New York tonight and to Switzerland tomorrow night.Mrs. Drayton: Yes, and what Joey wants, what she proposes, is to go to Geneva herself so that they can be ma
7、rried within the next couple of weeks. Audiovisual supplementCultural informationMr. Drayton: What the hell with all that rush?Joanna: Well we know we want to get married and unless somebody does have some objections, why should we waste anytime. John and I aint going to change our minds. Mr. Drayto
8、n: Are you saying, are you telling me that you want an answer today about how your mother and I feel? Joanna: Of course we do. We want you and mother to state absolutely clearly that you have no objections whatever. And when we do get married, we will have your blessing. Audiovisual supplementCultur
9、al information1. The black middle classAudiovisual supplementCultural informationThe black middle class, within the United States, refers to African Americans who occupy a middle class status within the American class structure, those who own their own home or small business, and by the strictest de
10、finition, those with a degree from college.2. Challenges facing the black middle classAudiovisual supplementCultural informationl Downward mobility: 45% of children from a black middle class family end up “near poor”, while 16% of children from a white middle class family end up “near poor”.l Financ
11、ial crisis: 33% of the black middle class was in danger of falling out of the middle class at the start of the recession.3. CommentsAudiovisual supplementCultural informationl The best guarantee of durable, amicable race relations in America is the continued growth of a strong, self-confident black
12、middle class. The Timesl There is little doubt that middle-class black America is 3040 years ahead of us back in Blighty (a slang referring to Britain). The GuardianThis selection originally appeared in Newsweek, 1989. In the text the author contrasts media images of black Americans with the reality
13、 of their lives, emphasizing what black Americans are not. Rhetorical featuresStructural analysis(Paragraphs 14 16): The author calls for action to correct the distorted media image of blacks and make blacks and their contributions to American society recognized.Rhetorical featuresStructural analysi
14、sThe text can be divided into the following three parts:Part I (Paragraphs 1 3): This part brings up the topic that the media have distorted the image of black Americans out of a severe bias, and most blacks, including the author herself, are not at all like what is depicted in the media. Part II (P
15、aragraphs 4 13): This part gives a detailed description of the fact that the media have presented a biased image of black America and transmitted it to the whole country as the norm.Part III Rhetorical featuresStructural analysisIn this text, the punctuation mark dash has been used in many sentences
16、. For instance, Day after day, week after week, this message that black America is dysfunctional and unwhole gets transmitted across the American landscape.Nor is it a matter of closing ones eyes to the very real problems of the urban underclass which undeniably is disproportionately black. (Interru
17、pting a sentence)And as self-reliant as most black Americans are because weve had to be self-reliant even the strongest among us still crave affirmation. (Interrupting a sentence)I want America to know us all of us for who we really are. (Putting special emphasis)That is the real portrait of black A
18、merica that were strong people, surviving people, capable people. (Introducing an explanation)Rhetorical featuresStructural analysisPracticeFind more sentences in the text in which dash is used and explain its usage in them.Detailed readingA CASE OF “SEVERE BIAS”Patricia Raybon1 This is who I am not
19、. I am not a crack addict. I am not a welfare mother. I am not illiterate. I am not a prostitute. I have never been in jail. My children are not in gangs. My husband doesnt beat me. My home is not a tenement. None of these things defines who I am, nor do they describe the other black people Ive know
20、n and worked with and loved and befriended over these forty years of my life.2 Nor does it describe most of black America, period. Detailed reading3 Yet in the eyes of the American news media, this is what black America is: poor, criminal, addicted, and dysfunctional. Indeed, media coverage of black
21、 America is so one-sided, so imbalanced that the most victimized and hurting segment of the black community a small segment, at best is presented not as the exception but as the norm. It is an insidious practice, all the uglier for its blatancy. 4 In recent months, I have observed a steady offering
22、of media reports on crack babies, gang warfare, violent youth, poverty, and homelessness and in most cases, the people featured in the photos and stories were black. At the same time, articles that discuss other aspects of American life from home buying to medicine to technology to nutrition rarely,
23、 if ever, show blacks playing a positive role, or for that matter, any role at all.5 Day after day, week after week, this message that black America is dysfunctional and unwhole gets transmitted across the American landscape. Sadly, as a result, America never learns the truth about what is actually
24、a wonderful, vibrant, creative community of people. 6 Most black Americans are not poor. Most black teenagers are not crack addicts. Most black mothers are not on welfare. Indeed, in sheer numbers, more white Americans are poor and on welfare than are black. Yet one never would deduce that by watchi
25、ng television or reading American newspapers and magazines. Detailed reading7 Why do the American media insist on playing this myopic, inaccurate picture game? In this game, white America is always whole and lovely and healthy, while black America is usually sick and pathetic and deficient. Rarely,
26、indeed, is black America ever depicted in the media as functional and self-sufficient. The free press, indeed, as the main interpreter of American culture and American experience, holds the mirror on American reality so much so that what the media say is is, even if its not that way at all. The medi
27、a are guilty of a severe bias and the problem screams out for correction. It is worse than simply lazy journalism, which is bad enough; it is inaccurate journalism. Detailed reading8 For black Americans like myself, this isnt just an issue of vanity of wanting to be seen in a good light. Nor is it a
28、 matter of closing ones eyes to the very real problems of the urban underclass which undeniably is disproportionately black. To be sure, problems besetting the black underclass deserve the utmost attention of the media, as well as the understanding and concern of the rest of American society. Detail
29、ed reading9 But if their problems consistently are presented as the only reality for blacks, any other experience known in the black community ceases to have validity, or to be real. In this scenario, millions of blacks are relegated to a sort of twilight zone, where who we are and what we are isnt
30、based on fact but an image and perception. Thats what it feels like to be a black American whose lifestyle is outside of the aberrant behavior that the media present as the norm. 10 For many of us, life is a curious series of encounters with white people who want to know why we are “different” from
31、other blacks when, in fact, most of us are only “different” from the now common negative images of black life. So pervasive are these images that they arent just perceived as the norm, theyre accepted as the norm. Detailed reading11 I am reminded, for example, of the controversial Spike Lee film Do
32、the Right Thing and the criticism by some movie reviewers that the films ghetto neighborhood isnt populated by addicts and drug pushers and thus is not a true depiction. 12 In fact, millions of black Americans live in neighborhoods where the most common sights are children playing and couples walkin
33、g their dogs. In my own inner-city neighborhood in Denver an area that the local press consistently describes as “gang territory” I have yet to see a recognizable “gang” member or any “gang” activity (drug dealing or drive-by shootings), nor have I been the victim of “gang violence”. Detailed readin
34、g13 Yet to students of American culture in the case of Spike Lees film, the movie reviewers a black, inner-city neighborhood can only be one thing to be real: drug-infested and dysfunctioning. Is this my ego talking? In part, yes. For the millions of black people like myself ordinary, hard-working,
35、law-abiding, tax-paying Americans the medias blindness to the fact that we even exist, let alone to our contributions to American society, is a bitter cup to drink. And as self-reliant as most black Americans are because weve had to be self-reliant even the strongest among us still crave affirmation
36、. Detailed reading14 I want that. I want it for my children. I want it for all the beautiful, healthy, funny, smart black Americans I have known and loved over the years. 15 And I want it for the rest of America, too. 16 I want America to know us all of us for who we really are. To see us in all of
37、our complexity, our subtleness, our artfulness, our enterprise, our specialness, our loveliness, our American-ness. That is the real portrait of black America that were strong people, surviving people, capable people. That may be the best-kept secret in America. If so, its time to let the truth be k
38、nown.Detailed readingWhat is the image of black people in the American news media? (Paragraph 3)They are depicted as poor, criminal, addicted and dysfunctional.Detailed readingWhy do the American media insist on playing this myopic, inaccurate picture game? (Paragraph 7)Because they have a severe bi
39、as against black people and create a bad image of them.Detailed readingWhat are the problems of the urban black underclass? (Paragraph 8) Poverty, crime, addiction and dysfunctional relationships.Detailed readingWhat does the author mean by the phrase “twilight zone”? (Paragraphs 9) “Twilight zone”
40、refers to a gray area, a border in-between two or more things that is unclearly defined, a border that is hard to define or even impossible to define. Here the author means that the image of blacks remains unclear, because of the discrepancy between the image depicted by the media and the image in r
41、eality.Detailed readingWhy does the author think it is necessary to have a real portrait of black America? (Paragraphs 16) It is because black people deserve an objective and truthful evaluation of their contribution to American society and history. They can no longer bear a distorted image based on
42、 a severe racial bias.Detailed readingGroup discussion: There is no doubt that media is playing an essential role in almost every aspect of our life. Please discuss with your classmates the major areas media cover. You may refer to text. Detailed readingilliterate: a.e.g.You must be illiterate if yo
43、uve never heard of Marx.He is musically illiterate.Detailed readingnot able to read or write Translation:无论他是百万富翁还是乞丐，无论他是知识分子还是文盲，无论他是百万富翁还是乞丐，无论他是知识分子还是文盲，他的母亲都永远爱他。他的母亲都永远爱他。No matter he is a millionaire or a beggar, educated or illiterate, his mother loves him forever._我给她读莎士比亚优美的十四行诗，但在这样没文化的人我
44、给她读莎士比亚优美的十四行诗，但在这样没文化的人面前，简直是对牛弹琴。面前，简直是对牛弹琴。 I read that beautiful Shakespearean sonnet to her, but it was pearls before swine to such an illiterate person._Detailed reading addicted: a. unable to stop taking or using sth. as a habite.g. become addicted to drugs, alcohol, tobacco, etc.strongly int
45、erested in sth. as a hobby or pastime e.g. He is addicted to TV soap operas.Translation:他醉心于诗歌，希望有一天自己成为诗人他醉心于诗歌，希望有一天自己成为诗人 He was addicted to poetry and hoped one day to be a poet himself. _他是个旅行迷。他是个旅行迷。 He was an addicted traveler. _dysfunctional: a. Detailed readinge.g.Children from a dysfuncti
46、onal family is more likely to be shy.abnormally functioning functionalAntonym:e.g. After repairs, the railroad is functional again. Im hardly functional if I dont get eight hours sleep!insidious: aDetailed readinge.g.He had insidiously wormed his way into her affections.The leaflets were a more insi
47、dious form of propaganda. spreading or acting gradually and unnoticed but with harmful effectse.g. a sinister motive/actionThere was something cold and sinister about him.a menacing face/toneAt night, the dark streets become menacing.Synonym: sinister, menacingwarfare: n.e.g. There were many countri
48、es engaged in warfare.Detailed readingthe activity of fighting a war, especially using particular weapons or methods the activity of competing in an aggressive way with another group, company, etc.e.g.The debate soon degenerated into open warfare.Detailed readingwarfare & warComparison: warfare: the
49、 activity of fighting in a war, used esp. when talking about particular methods of fightinge.g. diplomatic/economic warfarewar: fighting between two or more countries or opposing groups within a country, involving large numbers of soldiers and weaponse.g. If a war breaks out, many other countries wi
50、ll be affected.Detailed readingthe state of receiving money paid by the government to support ones life e.g. More and more people are living on welfare as a result of the financial crisis.on welfare:Translation:他们宁愿工作也不愿靠福利过活。他们宁愿工作也不愿靠福利过活。They would rather work than live on welfare._他们往往认为靠福利过活的人是