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1、THE TAPESTRY OF FRIENDSHIPUnit 5THE TAPESTRY OF FRIENDSHIPUnit 5Watch the movie clip and have a discussion about friends and friendship. 1. What do you think makes a good friend? Audiovisual supplementCultural informationA good friend is one who is loyal, considerate and honest A friend can give hel
2、p, pleasure, company 2. What can a friend give?Audiovisual supplementCultural information pouring something from a jar into a glass This is the blood of our people, the wolf people, the alligator people, and the moon women from which we gain our strength to rule all worlds.Hands glass to Little Teen
3、sy. Little Teensy shakes head no. Its ok. Its just chocolate.Teensy drinks. Teensy Melissa Whitman: I declare you, Princess-Naked-As-A-Jaybird. whispers Hot Cha Cha! turns to Little Caro Caro Eliza Bennett: I declare you, Duchess Soaring Hawk.Little Vivi: Little Vivi: Little Vivi: Little Teensy: Lit
4、tle Vivi: Audiovisual supplementCultural informationturns to Little Necie Necie Rose Kelleher: I declare you, Countess Singing Cloud. And I: Viviane Joan Abbott, am hereby and forever Queen Dancing Creek.pulls a knife out of a shield Now, wait just one second . I dont think we should be cutting ours
5、elves with that knife . Silence!nicks her hands with knife and passes it down to Little Teensy We are the flames of fires, the whirling of the winds. We are the waters of the rains and the rivers and the oceans. We are the rocks and the stones. And now, by the power invested in Little Vivi: Little N
6、ecie:Little Vivi:Little Vivi: Little Vivi:All little Ya-Yas:me, I declare we are the mighty Ya-ya priestesses. Let no men put us under. Now our blood flows through each other as its done for all eternity. Loyal forever. Raise our voices in the words of Mumbo Gumbo YA-YA! YA-YA! English Quotes about
7、Friendship:-Tell me what company thou keepst, and Ill tell thee what thou art. Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish novelist-My friends are my estate. Emily Dickinson, American Poet-My best friend is the one who brings out the best in me. Henry Ford, American Industrialist-The only reward of virtue is virtu
8、e; the only way to have a friend is to be one. Ralph Waldo Emerson, American EssayistAudiovisual supplementCultural informationFriendshipAudiovisual supplementCultural information-True happiness consists not in the multitude of friends, but in their worth and choice. Samuel Johnston, American States
9、man-Friendship makes prosperity more shining and lessens adversity by dividing and sharing it. Cicero, Roman author, orator and politician-Be courteous to all, but intimate with few, and let those few be well tried before you give them your confidence. True friendship is a plant of slow growth, and
10、must undergo and withstand the shocks of adversity before it is entitled to the appellation. George Washington, First president of the U.SAudiovisual supplementCultural information-The holy passion of Friendship is of so sweet and steady and loyal and enduring a nature that it will last through a wh
11、ole lifetime, if not asked to lend money. Mark Twain, American humorist, novelist, short story author Audiovisual supplementCultural informationChinese Sayings about Friendship: -近朱者赤，近墨者黑。-Keep good men company and you shall be of the number.-亲兄弟，明算账。-Even reckoning makes long friends.-物以类聚，人以群分。-B
12、irds of a feather flock together.-君子之交淡如水。-A hedge between keeps friendship green.-海内存知己，天涯若比邻。-A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near.-有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎！-Isnt it great when friends visit from distant places? Audiovisual supplementCultural informationWomens Friendship Female friendships are often
13、seen as having elements of intimacy and support. Women typically describe their friendships in terms of closeness and emotional attachment. What characterizes friendships between women is the willingness to share important feelings, thoughts, experiences, and support. Women devote a good deal of tim
14、e and intensity of involvement to friends. Friendships between women, more so than between men, are broad and less likely to be divided. Gender Patterns in FriendshipAudiovisual supplementCultural informationMens Friendships Unlike women, men are typically socialized by society to be less social and
15、 have more difficulty with friendships; they are often raised to compete with other men and not cooperate with them, to hide their vulnerabilities and not share their inner experiences. However, like women, men can benefit from the social bonds of friendship. The great friendships recorded in histor
16、y have been between men, and friendships among men have often been romanticized and idealized. Mens friendships have typically been described in terms of bravery and physical sacrifice in providing assistance to others. Despite this historical romanticization of theAudiovisual supplementCultural inf
17、ormationmale friendship, researchers have found that men have significantly fewer friends than women, especially close friendships or best friends. Audiovisual supplementCultural informationFriendship between Men and Women There is much debate about the possibilities of male and female friendships.
18、Much of this debate has had to do with the idea that sexual attraction will prevent men and women from forming a strong platonic bond. There can be many challenges to female-male friendships. For instance, in a society where men have typically had more power and dominance, equality can be an issue.
19、Both genders may benefit from these interactions: Men may learn more about sharing and establishing emotional support, while women might enjoy interactions that are less emotionally challenging. General analysisStructural features In the text, the author discusses the differences between a buddy and
20、 a friend in a forceful way. The main idea of the text can be summarized in one sentence: a buddy is a fine life companion while a friend is that part the race with which you can be human. Rhetorical featuresGeneral analysisStructural features This text distinguishes two kinds of friendship: that be
21、tween men and that between women. It can be divided into four parts. Part I (Paragraphs 1 2): the prelude, where the author reveals what kind of film the woman had just seen. Rhetorical featuresPart II (Paragraphs 3 6): the introduction, where the author advances the double standard of friendship on
22、 the basis of the personally observed shift of focus of the cinema lens.General analysisStructural featuresPart III (Paragraphs 7 18 ): the body, where the distinctions of the two types of friendship are detailed. Rhetorical featuresPart IV (Paragraphs 19 ): the conclusion, which summarizes the fund
23、amental difference between male companionship and female friendship. To show the differences between buddiness and friendship effectively, the author of the text coordinates sentences in various ways. Sometimes he uses conjunctions such as but, yet and while. And sometimes he simply puts two clauses
24、 together without using any conjunction at all. For examples: Well, she thought, on the whole, men had buddies, while women had friends. Buddies bonded, but friends loved. Buddies faced adversity together, but friends faced each other. There was something palpably different in the way they spent the
25、ir time. Buddies seemed to “do” thingsGeneral analysisStructural featuresRhetorical featurestogether; friends simply “were” together. (paragraph 8) Buddies hang tough together; friends hang onto each other. (paragraph 11)General analysisStructural featuresRhetorical featuresPractice: Please find mor
26、e examples of coordinating sentences without using any conjunction.1 It was, in many ways, a slight movie. Nothing actually happened. There was no big-budget chase scene, no bloody shoot-out. The story ended without any cosmic conclusions.2Yet she found Claudia Weills film Girlfriends gentle and aff
27、ecting. Slowly, it panned across the tapestry of friendship showing its fragility, its resiliency, its role as the connecting tissue between the lives of two young women.Ellen GoodmanTHE TAPESTRY OF FRIENDSHIPDetailed reading3 When it was over, she thought about the movies she had seen this year Jul
28、ia，The Turning Point and now Girlfriends. It seemed that the peculiar eye, the social lens of the cinema, had drastically shifted its focus. Suddenly the Male Buddy movies had been replaced by the Female Friendship flicks.4 This wasnt just another binge of trendiness, but a kind of cinema vrit. For
29、once the movies were reflecting a shift, not just from men to women but from one definition of friendship to another.Detailed reading5 Across millions of miles of celluloid, the ideal of friendship had always been male a world of sidekicks and “partners” of Butch Cassidys and Sundance Kids. There ha
30、d been something almost atavistic about these visions of attachments as if producers culled their plots from some pop anthropology book on male bonding. Movies portrayed the idea that only men, those direct descendants of hunters and Hemingways, inherited a primal capacity for friendship. In contras
31、t, they portrayed women picking on each other, the way they once picked berries.Detailed reading6 Well, that duality must have been mortally wounded in some shootout at the Youre OK, Im OK Corral. Now, on the screen, they were at least aware of the subtle distinction between men and women as buddies
32、 and friends.7 About 150 years ago, Coleridge had written, “A womans friendship borders more closely on love than a mans. Men affect each other in the reflection of noble or friendly acts, whilst women ask fewer proofs and more signs and expressions of attachment.”Detailed readingDetailed reading8 W
33、ell, she thought, on the whole, men had buddies, while women had friends. Buddies bonded, but friends loved. Buddies faced adversity together, but friends faced each other. There was something palpably different in the way they spent their time. Buddies seemed to “do” things together; friends simply
34、 “were” together.9Buddies came linked, like accessories, to one activity or another. People have golf buddies and business buddies, college buddies and club buddies. Men often keep their buddies in these categories, while women keep a special category for friends.Detailed reading10 A man once told h
35、er that men werent real buddies until they had been “through the wars” together corporate or athletic or military. They had to soldier together, he said. Women, on the other hand, didnt count themselves as friends until they had shared three loathsome confidences.11Buddies hang tough together; frien
36、ds hang onto each other.12It probably had something to do with pride. You dont show off to a friend; you show need. Buddies try to keep the worst from each other; friends confess it.13 A friend of hers once telephoned her lover, just to find out if he was home. She hung up without a hello when he pi
37、cked up the phone. Later, wretched with embarrassment, the friend moaned, “Can you believe me? A thirty-five-year-old lawyer, making a chicken call?” Together they laughed and made it better.14 Buddies seek approval. But friends seek acceptance.15 She knew so many men who had been trained in restrai
38、nt, afraid of each others judgment or awkward with each others affection. She wasnt sure which. Like buddies in the movies, they would die for each other, but never hug each other.Detailed reading16 She had reread Babbitt recently, that extraordinary catalogue of male grievances. The only relationsh
39、ip that gave meaning to the claustrophobic life of George Babbitt had been with Paul Riesling. But not once in the tragedy of their lives had one been able to say to the other: You make a difference.17 Even now men shocked her at times with their description of friendship. Does this one have a best
40、friend? “Why, of course, we see each other every February.” Does that one call his most intimate pal long distance? “Why, certainly, whenever theres a real reason.”Detailed readingDetailed readingDo those two old chums ever have dinner together? “You mean alone? Without our wives?”18 Yet, things wer
41、e changing. The ideal of intimacy wasnt this parallel playmate, this teammate, this trenchmate. Not even in Hollywood. In the double standard of friendship, for once the female version was becoming accepted as the general ideal.19 After all, a buddy is a fine life-companion. But ones friends, as San
42、tayana once wrote, “are that part of the race with which one can be human.”What kind of movie did the woman see? What did she think of it? (paragraphs 12) It was a movie that portrayed all aspects of the friendship between two women: its fragility, its resiliency and its connecting function. It was
43、quite an ordinary film, without thrilling scenes like a long-time car chase or a fierce gunfight. The end was of no great significance either. The movie was gentle and moving to the woman, because, as the following paragraphs show, with the other two movies it brought about a new definition of frien
44、dship that stood against the traditional view of friendship. Detailed readingDetailed readingWhat led the woman to think that the cinema has drastically shifted its focus? (paragraph 3)It was the fact that at present there were many more movies about Female Friendship than movies about Male Buddines
45、s. In contrast, in the past, the friendship between men had dominated the movies, giving a false impression that only men were capable of making friends.What was the shift? (paragraph 4)On the surface, it was a shift from the friendship between men to that between women; but in nature the shift high
46、lighted a different type of friendship: Male Buddiness is subtly distinct from Female Friendship.Detailed readingWhat is the fundamental difference between buddies and friends? (paragraphs 718)Buddies are mens companions; they are connected by common activities. Friends, in the narrow sense in the t
47、ext, are womens companions; they are associated by emotional attachment. Without shared activities, there would be no buddies for men; without love there would be no true friends for women.Detailed readingWhat are the conditions of men becoming buddies and of women becoming friends? (paragraphs 718)
48、Men become buddies only when they have weathered storms in commercial or athletic or military “wars” together, while women have to exchange at least three loathsome secrets before they consider themselves as friends. slight: a. of no importance or consideration; triflinge.g. There was a slight incre
49、ase in her weight after the winter holidays. 寒假结束后，她好像有点儿发胖。Detailed readingTranslation: 他是个高个子德国人，讲一口漂亮的英语，只带一丁点口音。He was a tall German who spoke perfect English with only a slight trace of accent. _Detailed readingcosmic: a.(1) very great This earthquake was a disaster of cosmic scale.e.g.The othe
50、r great cosmic reality is time.Some people believe that what happens in their lives is influenced by cosmic forces.e.g.(2) relating to the universe or cosmosDetailed readingshift ones focus (onto/to): move ones attention from one thing to anothere.g.It was not until the last year that we began to sh