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1、精品_精品资料_1、But they raelso issued orders that wouldbe seen improper “ intervention in ”th eWestfor example, calling last week on state industries, including steel and construction,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_to “ activelyincrease abroad .t”he ir roles in the economy by buying up new assetsat home and可编辑资
2、料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_但他们也发布在西方国家眼里是不合理的干涉的命令,例如,上周中国官员召集包括钢铁建筑等行业的国有行业并购国内外新资产以积极发挥在经济中的作用.2、This balance between free and managed markets can also be seen in China s appro to price fixing and macro-economic control in key sectors like financial services, telecoms,utilitiesand energy. Some ofthese in
3、dustries are partiallyprivatized intelecoms,equipment markets are open to foreigners, becausethey bring capital and expertise that eventually trickles down to local firms, like the now internationally competitive Huawei.Butthe more lucrative services market is stillrun by authorities, who set prices
4、 on mobile-phone calls.这个这个平稳自由和治理市场中也能看到在关键领域如金融服务、电信、公用事业和能源中用中国的方法来操纵价格和宏观经济掌握.这些行业的一些部分私有化了,在电信、设备市场都对外国人开放,由于他们带来最终惠及当的公司的资本和专业知 识,像现在的有国际竞争力的华为.但是更有利可图的服务市场仍由给移动电话定价的当局经营.3、But change is upon us. The developed world of the haves is struggling to restart growth and preserve welfare states, whil
5、e the world of the once have-nots has surged out of the downturn. Big emerging economics like China and Indian have discovered new sources of domestic demand.但是变化已经来临.发达国家的富人正在努力重启增长和维护福利国家,而世界上的穷人一旦经济猛增走出低迷.像中国和印度这样大的新兴经济体已经发觉了国内需求的新来源.4 、 As billions of poor people become more prosperous, they wil
6、l be able to afford the comforts their counterparts in the rich world have long considered the normal appurtenances of life.由于数以亿计的穷人更富强,他们将能够负担得起那些他们同行在发达国家长期以来认为是生活附属物的享受.5 、 China is tired of being lectured to by those who seem unable to manage their own economics particularly well. U.S. politici
7、ans, with an ear to their constituents, are lobbying for protective tariffs if China does not allow its currency appreciate.中国厌倦了被那些好像无法将自己的经济治理的特殊好的国家说教.假如中国不允许其货币升值的话,那些亲密关注选民意向的美国政客将游说政府征收爱护性关税,6、Yet the unmediated rift between countries, each desperate to preserve its edge in the global economic
8、 game, is not even the most serious division that policymakers have tocontend with. That, rather, is what the WEF s Global Risks calls economic disparity.然而无中介的成员国之间的裂痕,每个都希望保持其在全球经济嬉戏中的优势,甚至不是政策制定者必需面对的最严峻的部门.相反,是世界经济论坛全球风险经济差距的调用.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_7、But this particular recession was triggere
9、d by a financialcrisis that damaged the financial system s ability to channel savings to productive investment and left consumers and businesses struggling with surplus buildings, equipment and debt accumulated in the boom. Recovery after that kind of crisis is often slow and weak, and indeed some n
10、inemonths into the upturn GDP has probably grown at an annual rate of less than 4%. Unemployment is well up throughout the country see map, though it declined slightly in February.但是由于本次经济萧条是由金融危机引发的,后者严峻减弱了金融体制有效分流投资的才能,使消费者和企业在经济富强期积存下的余外建筑、装备和债务中费劲挣扎.这样的经济危机之后的复苏通常缓慢无力,实际上经济复苏大约九个月后GDP的年增长率仍在4%的水
11、平.失业率在全国范畴内突飞猛进, 尽管二月曾有小幅下降.8、For the present the rise of knowledge-intensive global industries favors centers rich in infrastructure and specialized skills.现在全球范畴内不断崛起的学问密集型产业更加青睐那些拥有优良基础设施和娴熟专业技能的城市中心.9、“ There a ws orld view that the United States is the consumer of the world andemerging markets
12、are the producer,s”ay s Bruce Kasman, chief economist at JPMorganChase.“ That has changed.” He reckons that America will account for just 27% of global consumption this year against emerging markets 34%, roughly the reverse of their shareseight years ago.“以前有一种观点,即美国是世界消费者而新兴市场是制造商, ”摩根大通首席经济学家 Bruc
13、e Kasman 如是说. “但这种情形已经转变了. ”他认为美国今年仅会在全球消费中占到 27%的比重,而新兴市场会占 34%,这与八年前的情形刚好相反.10 、 Start with history. The modern conception of a united Europe was born in the embers of World War 2 and rested upon the notion that binding Germany sfortunes tothose of France and the rest of Europe could end the viole
14、nce that had regularly engulfed the continent for centuries. Judged by that measure the EU has worked out fine.以历史为开端.现代意义上的一个统一的欧洲诞生于二战的余烬之中,基于将德国的命运与法国和欧洲其他国家联合在一起的概念可以终止定期淹没了大陆几个世纪的暴力.依据这个措施欧盟已经解决的很好了.11、While Japan suffers from many problems, most prominently the rapid graying of its society, it
15、 is this decline of a once wealthy and dynamic nation into a deep social and cultural rut that is perhaps Japan s most ominous lesson for the world today.而日本存在很多问题,最突出的快速老龄化的社会,正是这种下降使一个曾经富有的 和动态的国家社会和文化陷入了深深的车辙,这或许是日本对于如今的世界最不祥的教训.12、Japan has already createdan entire generation of young people who
16、 say they have given up on believing that they can ever enjoy the job stability or rising living standards that were once considered a birthright her.e日本已经制造了整整一代声称已经舍弃信任他们能享受工作稳固或不断上升的生活可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_水平的年轻人,而这些享受曾被认为是一种与生俱来的权益.13、It helps to start with a clear-eyed view of Smoot-Hawley it
17、self, which was just one of many mistakes committed by Depression-era policy-makers and not the most consequential of them. If we want to avoid the sort of destructive, beggar-thy-neighbortrade wars that contributed to bringing down the world economy in the 1930s, we have to draw the right lessons f
18、rom this chapter of our history.它有助于以斯穆特 - 霍利税法本身有远见的观点为开头,这不是大萧条时期政策制定者犯下的很多错误中最重要的一个.假如我们想防止那种具有破坏性的,以邻为壑的在 1930 岁月导致世界经济下降的贸易战争, 我们必需从我们历史的这一章中吸取正确的教训.14 、 Countries that clung to the gold standard were forced to maintain tight monetary policies. Because they could not print money to counteract t
19、he deflationary forces that had taken hold of the world economy, they imposed higher tariffs, import quotas and exchange controls to restrict imports.坚持金本位制的国家被迫保持紧缩的货币政策.由于他们不能通过印钞票来抵消影响世界经济的贬值压力 ,他们开头通过提高关税、进口配额、外汇管制来限制进口.15 、 The great concern is that an expansionary monetary policy will lead to
20、uncontrolled inflation, destroying faith in the dollar. Similar sentiments were expressed in the 1930s by advocates of sound money who opposed going off the gold standard. Such fears may be justified in ordinary times of full employment, but when there is considerable slack in the economy and unempl
21、oyment remains high,monetary policycan help to raise output before it leads to higher prices.一个很大的担忧是,扩张性的货币政策将导致无法掌握的通货膨胀,并摧残美元的信誉.类似的心情在1930 岁月由反对舍弃金本位制主见“稳健货币 ”的提倡者表达过.这种担忧在平常充分就业时可能被认为是合理的,但当有经济大萧条和居高不下的失业率时 ,货币政策有助于在它导致更高的价格水平之前增加产出.16、With 275 retail stores in nine countries, a 73% share of th
22、e U.S. MP3 player market, and the undisputed leadership position in innovation when it comes to mobile phones, Apple and its CEO are no ones idea of underdogs anymore.苹果在 9 个国家开设了275 家零售店 ,在美国 MP3 播放器市场占有73的份额 ,自从推出移动手机（ iPhone）之后 ,它又无可争议的确立了它在创新上的领导位置.苹果和她的 CEO 不再是毫无想法的失败者.17、Jobs was initiallymuma
23、s wellabout a stock options backdating scandal that embroiled the company s former finaencchief and general counsel. In an eventual SEC filing, Apple said Jobs was aware that the company had adjusted option grant dates so thatthe grants were more profitable for employees. Jobs apologized for the bac
24、kdating, calling the episode“ completely out of character for Apple”.对于那起将苹果前首席财务官和法律顾问都牵连进去的股票期权倒填日期丑闻,乔布斯一开头保持缄默态度.在最终提交给证券交易委员会的文件中,苹果承认乔布斯在这件事上是知情的 .为此 ,乔布斯公开发表了赔礼,并且声称这个小插曲绝非苹果的本 性.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_18、The investment-banking industry was further constrained during the Depression of the 19
25、30s, when Wall Street firms such as that founded by Morgan were split into commercialbanks and securities houses. The latter todays investment banksunderwrite stocks andbonds and advise companies on mergers and acquisitions, rather than collect deposits and make loans.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_在上个世纪 3
26、0 岁月的大萧条 （ the Depression of the 1930）s期间投资银行业受到进一可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_步的抑制,华尔街的很多公司（比方说摩根创立的公司）被拆分为商业银行和证券交易所.后者即今日的投资银行,它承销股票和债券,并就企业合并和收购事宜为公司供应询问服务,而不经营存、贷款业务.19 、 The opening up of Asian economies has brought down the price of traded goods, helping to fight inflation. Meanwhile, high savings
27、 rates in that part of the world, combined with ageing populations in the West, have helped to push up demand for long-term investment instruments such as bonds.亚洲经济的进展降低了贸易商品的价格,也有助于抑制通货膨胀.同时,亚洲的区的高储蓄率和西方老龄化的人口都推动了对债券这类长期投资工具需求的增加.20 、 Given the markets increasing complexity, how do investment bank
28、s manage the growing risks they face. There are lots of things they need to do, from finding enough brainboxes capable ofhandlingthe intricateassets being created tomeasuring the correlations between instruments that are supposed to spread risk but may do the opposite if liquidity dries up. It is mi
29、ldly reassuring that hardly a week goes by without regulatorsinthe worldsmain markets pressing theindustrytoimproveitsrisk-management techniquesbut rather worrying that the same regulators pay considerably less attentionto where the risk may end up.鉴于这些市场的复杂性不断增加,投资银行如何才能应对它们所面对的不断增加的风险？它们必需做很多事情,一件事就是要找到足够的处理制造出的复杂资产的智囊,仍有一件就是要衡量用于分散风险但或许在流淌性枯竭之后产生相反成效的金融工具之间的相互关系.略微有点让人放心的是：没有哪个星期世界主要市场的监管者不敦促该行业改善风险治理技术.但让人很担忧的是：上述的这些监管者却不太关注风险会在哪里终止.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载