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1、精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ 一 语 态 分 类中学被动语态语法讲解可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_英语动词有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承担者.如：They will build a new bridge over the river. 主动 A new bridge will be built over the river. 被动 汉语中常用“被” 、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用： 助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词构成.二 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要
2、表达在be 的变化上,其形式与系动词be 的变化形式完全一样.不同时态的被动语态,列表如下：一般现在时：am / is / are + done一般过去时： was / were + done 一般将来时：shall / will + be done一般过去将来时：should / would + be done现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done过去进行时： was / were + being + done 现在完成时：have / has + been + done过去完成时：had + been + done将来完成时：shall /will + hav
3、e been + done过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时.三常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时：(1) People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.(2) The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.We are not allowed to enter the che
4、mistry lab without a teacher.2. 一般过去时：(1) They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.(2) The students didnt forget his lessons easily.His lessons were not easily forgotten3. 一般将来时：(1) They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars
5、will be sent abroad by sea.(2) They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.4. 过去将来时：(1) The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The manager said the project would be completed by the end of th
6、e year.(2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.5. 现在进行时：(1) The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.(2) We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being
7、 painted.6. 过去进行时：(1) The workers were mending the road.The road was being mended.(2) This time last year we were planting trees here.Trees were being planted here this time last year.7. 现在完成时：(1) Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.I have been told the sports meeting might be pu
8、t off. 2He has brought his book here.His book has been brought here.8. 过去完成时：(1) When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.(2) People had considered him to be a great leader.He had been considere
9、d to be a great leader四）含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词 + be+及物动词的过去分词”构成.(1) You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class.(2) He can write a great many letters with the computer.A great many letters can be written with the computer by him. 五 被 动 语 态
10、 的 使 用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by 短语. “ Mr. White, the cup was broken after class.”2.突出或强调动作的承担者,假如需要说出动作的执行者,用by 短语.These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承担者时,这经常用in + 名词作状语,而代替by 短语.These cars were made in China.六主动语态变被动语态的方法（ 1）My au
11、nt invitedmeto her dinner party.主语谓语宾语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Iwas invitedby my aunt to her dinner party.主语谓语宾语（ 2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers.A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语.2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词,时态要与原句保持一样.3.把主动语态的主
12、语变为介词by 的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by 短语可以省略.假如原句主语是的名词作状语.七语态转换时所留意的问题1. 把主动语态变为被动语态点名词,在被动语态中用in +的点时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一样,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一样.We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.正确 A new computer have been bought.错误 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多.My uncle gave m
13、e a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday.假如把直接宾语指物 改为主语,就在间接宾语指人 前加适当的介词,如上句仍可以说：A present was given to me yesterday.留意：1.一般在以下动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词to,如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell等.(1) The book was showed to the class.(2) My bik
14、e was lent to her.2.一般在以下动词后,间接宾语前用介词for, 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing等.(1) A new skirt was made for me.(2) The meat was cooked for us.(3) Some country music was played for us.3. 由动词 + 介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,即把它们看成一个及物动词,介词或副词不行拆开或漏
15、掉.这类动词有：不及物动词 + 介词,如 : agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about等.(1) The patient is being operated on.(2) The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about.及物动词 +副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put awa
16、y, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out等.(1) His request was turned down.(2) The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather4. 带复合宾语 宾语 + 宾补 的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_补足语保留在谓语动词后面.如：(1) We always keep the classroom clean. The classroom is always k
17、ept clean.(2) She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions.留意：在 see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,这时不定式为主语补足语,也就是说不定式作主语补足 语不存在省略to 的问题.We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.5
18、. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one 等含有否定意义的不定代词时,被动句中将其变为anybody,作 by 的宾语,并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态.如：Nobody can answer this question.误： The question can be answered by nobody.正： The question can not be answered by anybody.6. 当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody, anyone 等不定代词时,在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one 作主语,并将谓语动词变为确定的被动
19、语态.如：They havent done anything to make the river clean. 误： Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean. 正： Nothing has been done to make the river clean.7. 以 who 为主语开头的疑问句,变被动时,用by whom 放在句首：Who wrote the story.误： Who was the story written.正： By whom was the story written.8. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物,当它们和w
20、ell, badly, easily等副词连用时,表示主语内在品质 或性能,是不及物动词,用主动表示被动,这时不用被动语态,常见的有：write, read, clean, sell,wash, cook 等.如：(1) The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗.(2) The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销.对比：The books sell well. 主动句 The books were sold out. 被 动 句 The meat didn t cook well. 主动句 The meat was cooked for a long
21、 time. 被动句 9. 以下情形主动句不能改为被动句：第一,感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义,如：feel , look, seem, taste, sound, remain 等.1 Do you like the material. Yes, it feels very soft.误： It is felt very soft.(2) The food tastes delicious.误： The food is tasted delicious.(3) The pop music sounds beautiful.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_误： The p
22、op music is sounded beautiful.其次,谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own 等.如：(1) He entered the room and got his book.误： The room was entered and his book was got.(2) She had her hand burned.误： Her hand was had burned.第三, 一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态,如：take place, break out, belong to, lose he
23、art, consist of, add up to 等.如：The fire broke out in the capital building.误： The fire was broke out in the capital building.第四,不及物动词没有被动语态,如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie 等.When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.误： The sun had already been risen.After the earthquake,
24、few houses remained.误： After the earthquake, few houses were remained.第五,宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源宾语,不定式,v-ing 形式及抽象名词等,不能变为被动句子的主语,如：I taught myself English.误： Myself was taught English.We love each other.误： Each other is loved.10. 在汉语中,有一类句子不显现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示,例如：据说It is said that据报导It is reported that据估计
25、It is supposed that期望It is hoped that众所周知It is well known that普遍认为It is generally considered that有人建议It is suggested that(1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.(2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.中学被动语态练习题 1. The Peoples Republic of China on October 1, 19
26、49.A. foundB. was foundedC. is foundedD. was found 2. English in Canada.A. speaksB. are spokenC. is speakingD. is spoken 3. This English song by the girls after class.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. often singsB. often sang 4. This kind of car in Japan.C. is often sangD. is often sungA, makesB. madeC. is
27、 makingD. is made 5. New computers all over the world.A. is usedB. are usingC. are usedD. have used 6. Our room must clean.A. keepB. be keptC. to be keptD. to keep 7. -Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry. .A. it soldB. its sellingC. Its been soldD. it had been sold 8. A new house at the corner of the
28、 road.A. is buildingB . is being builtC. been builtD. be building 9. The key on the table when I leave.A. was leftB. will be leftC. is leftD. has been left 10. Doctors in every part of the world.A. needB. are needingC. are neededD. will need 11. His new book next month.A. will be publishedB. is publ
29、ishingC. is being publishedD. has been published 12. Japanese in every country.A. is not spokenB. are spokenC. is speakingD. is not speaking 13. These papers yet.A. have not writtenB. have not been writtenC. has not writtenD. has not been written 14. The sports meet be held until next week.A. didntB
30、. wontC. isntD. doesnt 15. -My shoes are worn out.A. Cant they be mended.B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost.D. Cant they mended. 16. the watch been repaired yet. I badly need it.A. DoesB. HasC. IsD . Are 17. these desks be needed.A. WillB. AreC. HasD. Do 18. Why to talk about it ye
31、sterday.A. didnt a meeting holdB. wasnt a meeting heldC. wasnt held a meetingD. a meeting wasnt held 19. Who was the book .A. writeB. wroteC. writtenD. written by 20. Where these boxes made.A. wasB. wereC. isD. am 21. The flowers often.A. must be waterB. must be wateredC. must wateredD. must water 2
32、2. The books may for two weeks.A. be keptB. be borrowedC. keepD. borrow 23. The broken bike here by Mr Smith.A. can mendB. can mendedC. can be mendD. can be mend 24. The old bridge in my hometown next month.A. is going to be rebuiltB. will rebuiltC. are going to be rebuiltD. are going to rebuilt 25.
33、 The play at the theatre next Sunday.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. is going to be shownB. will shownC. will showD. is shown 26. The old stone bridge next weekA. is going to be rebuiltB. will be rebuildC. are going to be rebuiltD. will rebuild 27. Now these magazines in the library for a long time.A. ha
34、ve keptB. are keeping 28. The pot for hot waterC. have been keepingD. have been keptA. used; keepingB. was used; keepingC. is used; to keepD. are used; keep 29. Tea in the south of China.A. growsB. is grownC. were grownD. will grow 30. The bridges two years ago.A. is builtB. builtC. were builtD. was
35、 built 31. Wet clothes are often up near a fire in rainy weatherA. hangB. hangedC. hangingD. hung 32. The river smells terrible. People must dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throwB. be stopped from throwingC. stop to throwD. stop from throwing 33. The teapot waterA. is filled withB. filled ofC.
36、 fulling ofD. filled 34. Old people must be looked after well and politely.A. speak toB. spokenC. speakD. spoken to 35. Old people must .A. look after wellB. be looked well afterC. looked well afterD. be looked after well 36. Newly-born babies in hospital.A. are taken good careB. are taken good care
37、 ofC. take good care ofD. take good care 37. They were at the sudden noise.A. frighteningB. frightenedC. frightenD. frightens 38. These walls stone.A. are made ofB. made ofC. are made intoD. made into 39. Jane to sing us an American song last Saturday.A. calledB. was askedC. toldD. was said 40. The
38、papers to them.A. were shownB. showC. shownD. have shown 41. The coat her sister.A. made toB. were made forC. was made forD. was made to 42. I five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A. gaveB. was givingC. had givenD. was given 43. Good care such things.A. should take ofB. should be takenC
39、. should be takingD. should be taken of 44. She will good care .A. take; ofB. be taken; ofC. take; for youD. be taken; of you 45. The teacher made him his homework.A. to doB. doC. didD. done 46. The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to cleanB. made cleanC. made to cleanD. was made
40、 clean 47. These children dance.A. were seen toB. were seen forC. were seenD. saw to 48. These stones well.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. are fittedB. fitC. fitsD. is fitted 49. The bike 500 yuan.A. was costB. costedC. costD. is costed 50. The important meeting on a cold morning last year.A. was hadB. w
41、as heldC. heldD. had 51. Great changes in the past ten years in China.A. took placeB. have taken placeC. were taking placeD. had taken place 52. You cant use the computer, it .A. was broken downB. is wrongC. is badD. has brokendown 53. Great changes in our country during the past 20 years.A. have ha
42、ppenedB. happenedC. have been happenedD. were happened 54. The watch has often down.A. satB. lainC. brokenD. fell 55. Please pass me another cup. This one .A. is brokenB. is breakingC. brokeD. broken 56. The story books by the writer in the 1960s.A. are writtenB. were writtenC. are writingD. were wr
43、iting 57. What time the door every day.A. does; closedB. does; closeC. is; closedD. /; close 58. Can he himself.A. get dressB. get dressedC. gets dressedD. instead of 59. He fell from his bike and .A. is hurtB. gets hurtC. got hurtD. hurt 60. Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers
44、 will A. burntB. burnC. burningD. get burn 61. The apple very sweet.A. is tastedB. tasteC. tastesD. are tasting 62. You more beautiful in the light blue shirt.A. seeB. watchC. lookD. look at 63. What you said . like a good idea.A. heardB. listenedC. soundD. sounded 64. -What do you think of the TV p
45、lay.-Wonderful. It is worth a second time.A. watchingB. watchedC. seenD. seeing 65. How dirty the tables are. They need .A. to cleanB. cleanC. cleaningD. cleaned 66. The book is worth .A. seeing参考答案：B. readingC. seenD. read1. 1-5 B D D D C2. 1-6 B C B B C A3. 1-3 A B B4. 1-3 A B A5. 1-3 B D B6. 1-3 B