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1、_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 被动语态语法专项讲解与训练学案适用者：宋潇一 语态分类：英语动词分主动语态和被动语态；主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承担者；Tom执 cleans谓动 the room承 every day. 主动 The room 承 is cleaned谓动 by Tom执 every day. 被动 被动语态结构：助动词be + 动词的过去分词done,即 be done ,常译为“ 被” 、“ 给” 、“ 由” 、“ 受” 等词用来表示被动关系；二 被动语态的用法1 动作的执行者很明显；这时往往不用 by 短语；Word
2、processing skills are taught in our computer lessons. 2不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁；Some new computers were stolen last night. 3 突出或强调动作的承担者；假如需要说出动作的执行者,用 by 短语；The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的；三 被动语态的时态变化：通过助动词 be 的各种时态变化来表达, done 不变；留意主语的单、复数变化；以 do 为例,把握以下时态的被动结构,形式变化如下：1一般现在时： am / is / are + done
3、 2一般过去时： was / were + done 3一般将来时： shall / will + be done am/is/are going to be done 4现在完成时： have / has + been + done 5情态动词：can/may/must/should/have to be done 以下时态的被动语态作一般明白：现在进行时： am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时： was / were + being + done 过去完成时： had + been + done 过去将来时： should / would + be done
4、 四 主动语态变被动语态的方法My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 执行者动词承担者I was invited by my aunt to her dinner party. 承担者谓语by+执行者1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语；2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词,时态要与原句保持一样；3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by 短语可以省略；练习：1. 一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country. _ _ _ in the south
5、 of the country. 2. 一般过去时： Nancy Jackson designed the CD-ROM. The CD-ROM _ _ _ Nancy Jackson. 1 _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 3. 一般将来时： They will hold the charity show in the school hall. The charity show _ _ _ in the school hall. 4. 现在完成时： He has brought his book here. H
6、is book _ _ _ here. 5含有情态动词的被动语态：You must hand in your homework after class. Your homework _ _ _ _ after class. 五 语态转换时所留意的问题 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时,先找原主动句中的动宾短语,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保 持一样,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一样；We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. 正确 A new computer have been bought. 错误 2. 含有双
7、宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间 接宾语为主语；My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 假如把直接宾语 指物改为主语,就在间接宾语 指人前加适当的介词,如上句仍可说：A present was given to me yesterday. 留意： 1. 以下动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词 to,如：bring, give, lend, offer, pass, show, teach, tell 等；1 The book was s
8、hown to the class. 2 My bike was lent to her. 2.一般在以下动词后,间接宾语前用介词 for, 如：buy, cook, get, keep, make, order, play, sing 等；1 A new skirt was made for me. 2 The meat was cooked for us. 3 Some country music was played for us. 3. 由动词 + 介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,介词或副词不行拆开或漏掉；这 类动词有：动词 +介词,如 : laugh at, liste
9、n to, look after, think of, talk about, work on等；动词 +副词,如 : sell out, find out, give up, hand in, work out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn on, wake up等；The most difficult problem was worked out by Tom. The song is often listened to by girls. 4. 带复合宾语 宾语 +宾补 的动词改为被动语态时,把主动结构中
10、的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语 保留在谓语动词后面；如：1 We always keep the classroom clean. keep sth. clean The classroom is always kept clean. sth be kept clean 2 She told us not to stay up late. tell sb not to do We were told not to stay up late . sb. be told not to do 留意：在 see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make
11、, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都 不带 to,但改成被动语态后都补上 to；We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar. 2 _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 记住以下变化：see sb do be seen to do hear sb do . be heard to do listen to sb do be listened to to do make sb dobe made to do 5.
12、 有些动词既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,当它们和 well, badly, easily 等副词连用时,表示 主语内在品质或使用性能,是不及物动词,不用被动语态,常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等；如：1The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗；2The new computer sells well. 这新产品很畅销；3The printer prints quickly. 这个打印机打印很快；对比： The books sell well. 主动句 The books were sold out. 被动句 6. 只
13、有动宾结构才有被动语态；以下情形的主动句不能改为被动句：第一,感官连系动词无被动意义,如：feel, look, seem, taste, sound, smell等；1 Do you like the material. 误： It is felt very soft. 2The food tastes delicious. Yes, it feels very soft. 误：The food is tasted delicious. 3The pop music sounds beautiful. 误：The pop music is sounded beautiful. 其次,一些不及
14、物动词短语没有被动语态,如：等；如：take place, break out, belong to, come out, come trueThe accident took place last night. 误：The accident was taken place last night. 第四,不及物动词没有被动语态,如：rise, happen, succeed, lie等；The sun has already risen. 误：The sun has already been risen. 第五,宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源宾语,不定式,句子的主语,如：I taught my
15、self English. 误：Myself was taught English. v-ing 形式及抽象名词等,不能变为被动7. 在汉语中,有一类句子不显现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示,例如：据说 It is said that 据报导 It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 众所周知 It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. 8. 留意区分系表结构（ be+adj.）和被动语态；His glasses are broken. 系表 Th
16、e door is closed. 系表 His glasses were broken by the cat.被动 The door was closed by Tom. 被动 He is surprised. 系表 He was surprised by the snake. 被动 被动语态专项练习（一）一、 用动词的正确语态填空；1. English _speak the most widely in the world. 3 _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 2. A Piano concert _giv
17、e here last Friday. 3. The town _call Rugao. 4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ sell in this shop. 5. What _ a knife _ make of. It _make of metal and wood. 6. The old man is ill. He _ must send to the hospital. 7. The room _ clean by Mum already. You don t need to clean it. 8. The sports meeting _ hold
18、 in a week. 9. He is happy that his dream _come true. 10. The cinema _ build in 1985. 11. The students _ often _tell to take care of their desks and chairs. 12. _ the magazine _ can take out of the library. 三、按要求改写以下句子,一空一词；（1 30=30 分）1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）_ people _ tea in South Chi
19、na？2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year（同义句转换）A birthday present _ _ _ _by my parents every year3.The work is going to be finished in two days. 对划线提问 How_ _ the work going to be finished . 4. The children will sing an English song. 改为被动语态 An English song _ _ _ by the children. 5.
20、 You neednt do it now. 改为被动语态 It _ _ _ by you now. 6. People use metal for making machines. 改为被动语态 Metal _ _ _making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. 改为被动语态 I _ _ _ _ that for him. 8.They are watching the football match. The football match _ _ _ by them. 9.Did they build a bridge here a year
21、 ago. 改为被动语态 _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago. 10.They have sold out the light green dresses. 改为被动语态 The light green dresses _ _ _ out. 11.We call the game “ Lianliankan” . 改为被动语态 The game _ _ “ Lianliankan” by us.二. 挑选题 1._ a new library _ in our school last year. A.Is; built B.Was; bulit C.Doe
22、s; build D.Did; build 2.An accident _ on this road last week. 4 _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened 3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China. A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow 4.So far,the moon _ by man already. A.is v
23、isited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited 5.A talk on Chinese history _ in th school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives 6.How many trees _ this year. A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted 7.A lot of things _ by people to save the li
24、ttle girl now. A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done 8.Neither of them _ in China. A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made 9.Look. A nice picture _ for our teacher. A.is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws 10.Your shoes _. You need a new pair. A.wear out B.worn ou
25、t C.are worn out D.is worn 11.The doctor _ for yet. A.isnt sent B.hasnt been sent C.wont be sent D.wasnt sent 12.-When _ this kind of computers_. -Last year. A.did; use B.was; used C.is; used D.are; used 13.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known 14.I _ in summer.
26、A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born 15.He says that Mr Zhang _ to the factory next week. A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent 16.Who _ this book _. A.did; written B.was; written by C.did; written D.was;written 17.Mary _ show me her new dictionary.A.has asked to B.was asked to C.
27、is asked D.asks to 18.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us 19.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump 20.The school bag _ behind the chair. 21.Older people _ well. A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put A.looks afte
28、r B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after 22.Our teacher _ carefully. A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened 被动语态专项练习（二）一、把以下句子改写成被动语态1.They make machines in that factory. _ 2.Every body likes this song. _ 3.He doesnt show the stamps to me. _ 4.People
29、dont grow rice in the west of Japan._ 5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble._ 6.Do the workers build many buildings. _ 7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses. _ 8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu. _ 9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do._ 10.How many desks do they buy every term._
30、 5 _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 11.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week._ 12.Granny told us a story last night. _ 二.挑选题 : 1. Great changes _ in China. A. are happened B. was happened C. has happened D. have happened 3. The Great Wall _ all over the world.
31、A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known 4. Who _ this book _. A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written 5. A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us 6.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump 7
32、. The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. be put D. can put 8. Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after 9. Do you know what_. A. it calls B. does it call C. it is called D. is it called 10. This old machine _ the room wet. A.
33、used to keep B. used to keeping C. was used to keeping D. was used to keep 11.You can go out if your homework _. A. is done B. will do C. will be done D. are finished 12. If he _ enough time, he will come up with an idea. A. gives B. will give C. is given D. will be given 13. If small trees _, they
34、will grow up quickly. A. take good care of B. take good care C. are taken good care of D. are taken good care 14. These books _. So many people are interested in them A. are sold well B. sell well C. sell good D. sell badly 五、以下各句均有一处错误,请找出并改正过来；（10 分）I have a lot of homework to be done tonight _ Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？ _ Lei Fengs name remembered by all Chinese people _ The music is sounded beautiful. _ By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed . _ 6 _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页