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1、精品_精品资料_中学英语总复习学问点归纳冠词 a / an的用法a 用于辅音音素前a useful book,a university,a “u” Once a weekhave a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/ resthave a cold/ headache / fever /coughhave a good timehave a tryin a hurryafter a whilekeep a diarygo for a walkin a minutein a wordin a short whilean 就用于元音音素前an hour, an ho
2、nest boy , an“A E F H I L M N O R S X” keep an eye on定冠词 the 的用法：1）特指双方都明白的人或物：Give me the book.2）上文提到过的人或事：-Doyou know the ladyin blue. Yes, she isa teacher of a university.3）指世上独一物二的事物the sun sky / moon/earth/world/nature/universe 4）单数名词连用表示一类事物,如：the dollar美元 ;The lionisa wildanimal.或与形容词或分词连用,表示
3、一类人：the rich/poor/blind/aged / living/ impossible 5）用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only , very, same等前面： I live on thesecond floor.6）用在表示身体部位的名词前：She caught me by the arm. 7）用在表示乐器和表方位的名词之前：She playsthe piano violin guitarinthe north of China8）用在一般名词构成专出名词前：the Peoples Republic of Chinathe United Statesthe Great
4、Wallthe Summer Palace9) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人：the Greens are playing the piano.10) in the day, in the morning afternoon , evening, in the middle of, in the end, all the time at the same timeon the whole, by the way, go to the cinema at he age of six at the beginning of the twenty-first centuryon the oth
5、er side ofat the momentthe day after tomorrowthe day beforeyesterday,thenextmorning,inthesky water , field,countryinthe dark,inthe rain,不用定冠词的情形1国名,人名前通常不用定冠词：China , Europe欧洲 Lei Feng雷锋2）物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词.当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词Failure is the mother of success.失败乃胜利之母.3）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,
6、不加冠词.Children s DayMothers DayFather s Day 4）在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词.He is captain of the team.5）在三餐、 四季, 球类运动、 学科、 消遣运动的名称前,不加冠词如：have breakfast/supper/ lunch , playbasketball/ football/ volleyball/ chess , inspring/summer/ autumn/ winter可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_6）当 by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时, 中间无冠词. by bus/
7、 train/taxi/ bus/ ship7） Day and nightfaceto facesideby sidestepby stepwatchTVatschool / work / homeat first/ lastin dangerin troubleon footon dutyon watchin bedon timeintimego to schoolgo to workby taxi / bikeat noonat nighton TVat town部分词组有无冠词的区分in hospital生病住院 in the hospital在医院里in front of在-的前面
8、in the front of在-内部的前面go to school上学 go to the school到学校去a number of = a lot of很多,谓语动词用复数.The number of -的数目, -的总数,谓语动词用单数（第三人称单数）名词：专出名词和一般名词（个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词）可数名词的单数变复数一般情形加s以 s, x sh ch,等结尾的词加-esbus-buseswatch-watches以 o 结尾的名词,无生命的加s,如： photo-photos piano-pianos有生命的es,如： potato-potatoestomato-
9、tomatoes均可,如： zero-zeros / zeroes以 f 或 fe结尾的名词,去f, fe加 ves ,如： half-halves knife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolves wife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves（加 s ,如： belief-beliefsroof-roofs safe-safesgulf-gulfs.）以辅音字母+y 结尾的词, 变 y 为 i ,再加 esbaby-babies不规章：a.单复数形式一样. Sheep, deer,Chinese,Japanese.People,police,scis
10、sors, trousersb.其他的. foot feettooth-teethchild children mouse-mice man-men woman-womenbusinessman -businessmenGerman-Germanswomen doctors集体名词 : People,police,一般表示一个整体,谓用复数 class,family,glasses不行数名词：常见的不行数名词有：information, news, room（空间）,work, work, weather, advice, bread , food, milk, tea, ice, glass
11、es, meatA little, a bit of, some, much, a lot of, quite a lot of常修饰不可数名词 .不行数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数.假如用 and 连接两个不行数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数. Time and moneyare-Acupglassbottlebox kilogroupcrowd class pairofTwo and a half kilos of = two kilos and a half of名词全部格在英语中有些名词可以加s来表示全部关系, 带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的全部格,如：a teachers book.名
12、词全部格的规章如下：1 ） 单数名词词尾加s,复数名词词尾没有s ,也要加 s , 如 the boys bag, mens roomChildren s DayMothers DayFather s Day2 ） 如名词已有复数词尾-s,只加 ,如： Teachers Dayladies roomtwenty minutes walk3） 凡不能加 s的名词, 都可以用 名词 +of +名词 的结构来表示全部关系,如：the title of the song歌的名字 ; A picture of family; a map of China可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资
13、料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -4 ） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词全部格的后面经常不显现它所修饰的名词,如：the barbers理发店.5 ） 假如两个名词并列,并且分别有s ,就表示 分别有 .只有一个 s ,就表示 共有 . Johns and Marys room（两间）John and Marys room（一间）6 ） 复合名词或短语, s加在最终一个词的词尾.如：a month or twosabsence 7）双重全部格a friendof mine /hers/his/ theirsa friendofMarysmothe
14、rs代 词 、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词I me my mine myselfyouyou your yourself yourselves he him his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its itsitselfwe us our ours ourselves they them their theirs themselves人称次序you, he, she, I ;we, you, they主格作主语.宾格作宾语,动词和介词之后通常作宾格.形容词性物主代词不能单独使用, 通常放在名词之前.名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词,“of
15、 名词性物主代词”表示所属关系.A friend of mine我的一位伴侣; teacher of hers她的老师代词 it的用法：指代前面提到过的事物.表天气.表距离.指婴儿和不明身份的人.-John,someoneinyour classphoned you thismorning.-Oh, who was it.用作形式主语.It s kind / good / nice /clever /polite / foolish of sb. to do sth.It s important / necessary / possible / easy / difficult for sb
16、to do sth, It s time to get up.It s time for lunch.It s one s turn to do It seems thatIt takes sb. some time to do sth.用作形式宾语.Find / think / feel + it +adj +to do sth It one的区分It特指上文提到的同一对象,同一事物.one 同类而不同一.that常用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的名词,以防止重复.反身代词构成规章：一、二物主,三为宾.运用： hurt/ teach/ wash / buy/ enjoy oneselfby /
17、 Help oneselfone selvesto -/ Look afteroneself/ Say to oneself/ Come to oneself、不定代词little,a little,few,a few=severalsome,some, any much,too much, much too, more then =over, less than= nearlysomething某事,某物,用于确定句.留意： .由复合不定代词作主可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_anything任何事物,某事物,用于否定句、疑问句.语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数.Everyone
18、 is here.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_everything每件事,一切事物, 用于各种句型.nothing没什么,没有任何东西.=not-any thingsomebody 某人,有人 =someone.修饰不定代词的形容词后置.I
19、 have something importantto tell you.在反意疑问句中,表示人的复合代词在陈述句中作主语时,附可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_anybody 任何人 用于否定句、疑问句, 加问句中的主语用he 或 they ,表物可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_条件从句中 nobody 没有人的用 it.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_little, 几乎没有,表示否定意思,用以修饰不行数名词.A little一点点,表示确定,用以修饰不行数名词.Only a little仅一点点 . 也可修饰形容词和副词.一点点,放在动词、动
20、词宾语后.few 几乎没有,表示否定意思,用以修饰可数名词.a few=several几个,一些,表示确定意思,用以修饰可数名词.some 一些, 修饰可数名词, 后跟复数形式名词或 ones, 也可修饰不行数名词. 在表示恳求、委婉语气的疑问句和表示期望得到对方的确定回答的问句中, 常用 some. Could you give me some apples.any 一些,任何一些.一般用于疑问句中或否定句中和IF引导的条件句中.much 很多.修饰不行数名词,放在不行数名词前,可用a lot of替换.toomuch 太多的,用法相当于much ,放在不行数名词前.Heath isvery
21、important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit instead of too much rich food.much too太,用法相当于too,放在形容词和副词前. Keep quiet. Its much toonoisy here.more than超过,多于.=overmore or less或多或少,差不多.=about at least至少a lot很多,修饰动词.Thanks a lot.a lot of = lots of很多的,可修饰可数名词和不行数名词.a number of很多的 ,= many只用于修饰复
22、数形式名词,放在可数名词复数前.every用于三个或三个以上,着眼于整体.后可跟数词.词组有every ten minuetseach 用于两个或两个以上,着眼于个体.词组有each ofeither两个中任何一个either -orboth 两 个 都both - and - both of -neither两个中一个也没有e.g.-Doyou liketalkingwithyourfriendson the telephone or mobile phone. -Neither, I enjoy using QQ. neither - nor -any 三个以上中任何一个all三个以上中全
23、部none 三个以上中一个也没有.None of -中没有一个,表示三个或以上数目的人或物中没有一个,表否定,作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数.others表示“泛指”除自己外,别的人.Some -, others - the other表示两个中的另一个.One -, the other -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_the others表示特指的另一些.another后跟单数名词.表示泛指另一个人.后跟带数
24、词的复数名词,表示“再,仍要”的意思.other别的,另外的,一般后跟复数名词或ones ,在 other前可加 some, many 或数词,表示“几个,一些别的”Such a tall buildingsuch an exciting football match so many peopleeach other相互,彼此,指两个或两个物时.one another相互,彼此,指三者或三者以上的彼此. one another s 相互的,彼此的.数词表示数目多少或次序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词.表示数目多少的数词叫基数词.表示次序的数词叫序数词.一、基数词和序数词1）基数词写法和
25、读法：百位与十位,用and,十位与个位,写时用“” 先确定分节号, 从右至左, 每隔三位数是一个分节号.第一个分节号是千位thousand4其次个分节号是千位million第三个分号节是十亿位billion.1, 234 ,567, 892one billion two hundred and thirty-four million five hundred andsixty-seven thousand eight hundred and ninety-two2）分数表示法构成：分子基,分母序,分子大于1 时,分母在序数词后加S：1/2 a half1/3 one-third. 2/3two
26、 thirds3/4 three quarters = threefourths2- 3/4 two and three fourths3）表示 岁月 ,用 in +the +数词复数.in the 1980s（ 20 世纪 80 岁月）4）表某人几岁时:in + 物主代词 +数词的复数形式in one s twenties 5） He lives in Rom 88.One plus two is three. Three times five is fifteen.6） hundred , thousand , million等词前有详细的数字时,不能加S如 threehundreds这种
27、说法是错误的7） hundreds ofthousands ofmillions of8） a 21-year-old girlthree days and a half = three and a half daysone and a half hours = one hour and a halfwell have two weeks holiday two -week holiday9）（基数词变序数词的口诀）一、二、三特殊记, th 从四以上记 ; 怎么加很简单,八减t ,九减 e;f来把 ve 替,见 y 变 ie;如是遇到几十几,变换个位就可以.One-first two-seco
28、nd three- thirdfive- fiftheight-eighthnine- ninth twelve twelfth thirteen- thirteenth fifteen- fifteentheighteen- eighteenth twenty- twentiethtwenty-one-twenty-firstthirty-thirtiethforty-fortiethfiftyfiftiethsixty- sixtiethseventy- seventietheighty-eightiethninety-ninetieth序数词的缩写形式：first-1stsecond-2
29、ndthirty-first-31st形容和副词修饰 something, anything, everything, anybody等不定代词的形容词,形容词要放在不定代词之后.I have Something important to tell you.enough 修饰形容词、副词时,enough 要放在形容词和副词之后.Far enough可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_interesting, exciting, boring, amazing, surprising, moving主语为物.Interested, excited, amazed, surprised
30、, frightened, tired, pleased主语为人.Much, far,a lot,a little,even 等后要用形容词或副词的比较级.Ifelleven worse now.5. 连系动词be,感官动词 look, smell, taste, sound, feel 三个变 get, become,turn, keep后跟形容词 .既可作形容词又可作副词的词有：hard作形容词 =difficult ,作副词,放在work, rain等后 , 表努力的做.well作形容词身体好;作副词,做得好.long 作形容词,表事物的长度,作副词,放在last, talk等后 , 表
31、动作连续.Fast作作形容,放在系动词后,作副词放在rain,makesth. 等词后,表“做得快”.High 作形容词“山,海浪的高.作副词,放在 fly, jump等后表飞得高,跳得高.五、形容词变为副词+lyuseful, wide, strong改y 为 i, 再加lyhealthy , heavy, happy, lucky, noisy,good wellterrible-terriblyprobable-probably多数以ly结尾的词是副词.但 friendly,lonely,lovely,likely,daily,lively是形容词.China islargerthan
32、any othercountyin Asia.（同一范畴内）Chinais larger than any county in Afirca.（不同范畴内）how many 对可数名词数量的提问.How many people are there in your family. How much 对不行数名词数量的提问和提问价格.How long多久,多长时间.回答常用：for +段时间since +点时间.How soon 多快,多久以后.回答常用：in + 段时间Howoften多长时间一次,提问频率.回答常用：once twicea week, threetimes a day, oft
33、enHow far多远,对距离提问.回答常用：fifteen minutes walk , 10 meters away形容词和副词的比较级和最高级：原级 : as + 原级 + as ;not as / so +原级 + as = 反义词 +thanEnglish is as interestingas Chinese.Mr. Zhang isn tas oldas Mr.Li.= Mr. Zhang isyounger than Mr. Li.比较级的标志词than,Lily s bag is bigger than hers.much, far, a little, even , nex
34、t timewhich / who- A, B .Which is morebeautiful, Tom, Jim.the + 比较级 -,the+比较级 -The more we get together, the happier well be.比较级 +and+比较级（多音节词和部分双音节词用more and more +原级）越来越-harder and harder , our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.最高级标志词： the +最高级+ of/ inShanghai is the biggest city in Chi
35、na.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_is one of the most popular singers.One of the +最高级+名词复数Zhou JiekunWhich / who -+最高级 , A, B or C.Whocity可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Kunming.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -序数词 +最高级,表“第几最-” Chang jiang isth
36、e first longest river in China.the second largest population形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成规章（略）不规章 : good / well - better- bestbad / badly/ ill-worse-worstmany / much - more -mostlittle-less-leastfar - farther（较远） -farthestfar-further（进一步）-furthesttired -more tired -the most tired right, tired, glad. pleased. rea
37、l 动词的时态时态结构标志词被动语态难点与名称要点一般现在时.am is aresometimes, often, usually,am / is / are+done留意第三人称单数.therealways,情形be 结构everyday,once a.行为动week词现在am/ is /now, look,am/ is/ are动词进行时are +Vinglisten,rightnow, atthe moment,+being +doneING 形式的构成its +几点一般.was/yesterday, last,was / were留意动过去时were +表语结 ago 一家; just
38、now, in构the old days, a+done词的过去式的构成.Vedmoment ago,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一般将来时过去进行时现在完成时过去将来时.will/ shall +V原形.be going to +V原形was / were +Vinghave / has +done.would / should +V原long ago, ih the 1990stomorrow, next year, this year, attheend ofthisterm,from now on,in the future, in a few daystimeat
39、 + 详细时间 , at this time., when+ 一般过去时从句already, yet, just, never, ever,for, since, so far宾语从句中 , 从句动作在主句动作之后will / shall+ be +donebe going to+be +donewas / were+being +doneWould/ should +be +done留意动词过去分词的构成 与过去式的区分P255与一般过去时的区分留意瞬时动词在现在完成时中的运用可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选
40、- - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -形.was / were going to +V 原形发生.be going to+be +done过去hadby+过去某一时Had +been +完成时+done点;donebefore +过去某可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一时间点 ;by the time+从句;从句动作在主句动作前发生情态动词情态动词 +be+done可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_注:不规章动词过去式和过去分词详见初三课本的255 页.祈使句祈使句用以表达命令,要求,恳求,劝说等.1） 祈使句否定在句首加Dont ：Dont move.Dont be late. 2） Let s-shall we .let us him - will you / wont you.感