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1、-2012最新人教版初一英语下册各单元知识点总结-第 13 页人教版初一英语下册各单元知识点总结Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?一、 单词与词组Join: 表示“参加，加入”，此处指参加社团或组织，成为其中的成员。 Join the army 参军 join the NBA 加入美国篮球协会Join the art/sports/music/English/chess club 参加体育/音乐/英语/象棋俱乐部play 乐器类+the play the guitar /the violin/the drums/the piano 非乐器类+ the play so
2、ccer/ basketball/volleyball/football/tennis/badminton （英式足球 / 篮球 / 排球 /英式足球，美式橄榄球/网球/羽毛球）Be good at+ sth./doing sth. 擅长做某事 Be good with 与相处得好Be good to 对友好=be friendly to Be good for 对有好处 Like to do sth.特指某一次的动作；like doing sth. 强调经常性的爱好。两者都表示喜欢做某事，在仅仅表达“喜欢”时两者可以通用。Tell: Tell stories 讲故事 tell sb. sth
3、. /to do sth. /not to do sth.告诉某人某事/不要做某事Help: Help sb. to do sth. /help sb. with sth./ help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事 Help yourself/sb. (to sth.)把某物(尤其是指食物,饮料等)拿给自己/某人 cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事Call at 用于打某人的电话 e.g. Call Mr.Brown at 293-7742Home:1. 表示动态概念。意思是“回家”，“到家”。前面不加介词。这里的home 是副词，表示目的地。e.g. 1)Whe
4、n do you go home every day?你每天什么时候回家？ 2)He drives home after work.他下班的开车回家。 3)She often does some shopping on his way home. 她经常在回家途中买些东西。2. at home 表示静态概念。意思是“在家”。这里的home是名词，表示具体地点。e.g. 1) Is she at home? 她在家吗？2)He left his book at home. 他把书放在家里了。Go home 回家 get home 到家 at home 在家Also 也，而且；较正式，用于肯定句，
5、紧跟动词。也e.g. I can speak English and I can also speak Chinese. 我能说英文也能说中文。Too 多用于口语，放在句末。 E.g. Me too.Either 多用于否定句，放在句末。E.g. He hasnt finished, either. 他也没有完成。Show sb. sth. /show sth. To sb. 展示给某人看Show time 作秀时间，表演开始 talk show 脱口秀（美国脱口秀节目）Unit 2 What time do you go to school?时间连词：when=while 当时 then 然
6、后 after that 在那之后at+时间点/sb. do sth. at about +时间点 for breakfast/lunch/dinner睡觉go to bed=go to sleep 睡觉 take a tap 午休，小睡一会儿 反：get up 起床 Time 表时间，不可数；表次数，可数。 Some times 几次 sometimes 有时 some time 一段时间 sometime 某个时候系动词It tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels尝起来/闻起来/看起来/听起来/摸起来（含被动意味，但不能用被动语态）tastes/smells/lo
7、oks/sounds/feels+like 尝起来/闻起来/看起来/听起来/摸起来像eitheror二选一 neithernor 两者都不连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，即 就近原则。e.g. Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。 Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。Here引导的倒装句表位置的副词放在句首时， 如主语是代词，不倒装 ； 表位置的副词放在句首时， 如主语是名词，要用全部倒装。e.g. Here it is! H
8、ere he comes. (代词不倒装) Here is your ticket. Here comes the bus. （名词倒装）关于时间的问法(1)以when提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段，也可以是较短的时间点When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候？ My birthday is Dec. 29th. 我的生日是12月29日。这里就是指一天的时间段When do you go home? 你几点回家？ I go home at 4:30 p.m. 我下午4：30回家.这里when问的是具体的时间。(2)具体几点我们通常用what time提问What
9、time is it now? 现在几点了？ or Whats the time? 几点了？Its 9:26. 现在九点二十六。What time is it by your watch? 你手表几点了？Its 8:36. Oh, Its 50 minutes late 8:36，哦，它慢了50分钟。What time do you get up? 你几点起床？I get up at 6:00 a.m. 我早上6点起床。Unit 3 How do you get to school?many students是单指学生数量多，侧重数量many of the students是指学生中很多一部分
10、，强调部分too太 1. too much意为“太多”，+不可数名词/+动词。e.g.I had too much housework to do yesterday . 昨天我有太多的家务活要干。 She talks too much . 她说话太多。much too意思是“过分，太”，隐含了过分而不恰当之意，much too+形容词或副词，不+动词。e.g.The question is much too difficult . 这道题太难了。 Youre walking much too fast . 你走得太快了。2.tooto太而不能.e.g. You are never too y
11、oung to study.同： sothat太以至于e.g.The river runs too quickly for boats.=The river suns too quickly to row a boat. =The river runs so quickly that people cant row a boat to across the river.Unit 4 Dont eat in class.一、词组school rules 学校规章制度 break the rules 违反规章制度 make the rules 制定规章.in the hallways 在过道 in
12、 the music room 在音乐教室里 in the dining hall 在餐厅 be in bed 在床上 be late for迟到 listen to music 听音乐 wash my clothes 洗衣服 make dinner 做饭 have to do 不得不做 too many+名词复数; too much +不可数名词“太多”by ten oclock 十点之前 on school nights 上学的晚上 on weekends 在周末go to the childrens palace 去少年宫 after school 放学后 sports shoes 运动
13、鞋 gym class 体育课二、句型 (1)Dont arrive late for class.(2)We cant listen to music in the hallways, but we can listen to it outside.(3)-What else do you have to do?- We have to clean the classroom.(4)-Can we wear hats in school?-Yes, we can/ No, we cant.(5)-Do you have to wear a uniform at school? -Yes, w
14、e do /No, we dont.(6) What are the rules at your school? (7)重难点精析：祈使句通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语you(听话人)通常省略。其构成通常有以下几种形式。）Be型（即系动词原型be+表语其他）。如：Be quiet,please.否定句Dont + be+表语+其他。如：Dont be angry.）Do型（即系动词原形宾语其他）。如：Open you books, please.否定句Dont +实义动词原形+宾语+其他。如：Dont eat in the classroom.）Let型（即Let+宾
15、语+动词原形+其他）如：Let me help you.Lets go at six oclock.否定句一般在宾语后加not。如：Let not watch TV.）No+V-ing型（此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中，意为“禁止做某事“）如：No smoking!严禁吸烟！ No talking! 不许交谈！No passing!禁止通行！ No parking!不许停车！Must与have to 1.must表主观看法，主观上的必要 have to 表客观需要e.g. My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the
16、 middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）2. have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。3. 在否定结构中： dont have to 表示不必；mustnt 表示禁止。e.g. You dont have to (neednt没必要) tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustnt（cant 不能）tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他
17、。On time 准时，按时。 In time 及时，迟早e.g. We were just in time for (to catch ) the bus. 我们及时赶上了公车。 The train pulled in on time. 车准时到站。Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?一、词组want to do sth .想要做某事want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事want sth 想要某物Let sb do sth 让某人做某事Kind kind of 有几分种类 a kind of 一种 (all) kinds of 各种各样的=various
18、oflike to do sth/like doing sth 喜欢做某事 play with 与.一起玩during the day 在白天 at night 在夜间二、句型与日常交际用语1、-why do you like pandas?/ -Why dose he like koalas?-Because theyre kind of interesting. 2、 Why do you want to see the lions? Because theyre 3、-Where are lions from?-Lions are from South Africa.4、-What (o
19、ther) animals do you like?-I like elephants.5. This is a symbol of good luck. 的象征6. Have a good memory like an elephant. 形容记忆力好7 .- How old are you?=Whats your age? Im ten years old./Im ten.8.-Do you like giraffes? -Yes, I do. / No, I dontmake of 与make from “由组成”make of 看得出原材料，物理变化；make from 看不出原材料，
20、化学变化。e.g. We must save trees and not by things made of ivory(象牙). The paper is made of wood. The other, others, another, other的区别1.other可作形容词或代词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的（人或物）”。如： Do you have any other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗？ Ask some other people. 问问别人吧！ Put it in your other hand. 把它放在你另一只手里。 2.the ot
21、her指两个人或物中的一个时，只能用the other，不能用another，此时的other作代词。如： He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。 the other后可加单数名词，也可加复数名词，此时的other作形容词。如： On the other side of the street，there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。 Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。
22、 He lives on the other side of the river. 他住在河的对岸。 3.others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。如： Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，其余的从事体育活动。 Give me some others, please. 请给我别的东西吧！ There are no others. 没有别的了。 4.the others意思是“其他东西，其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”。是
23、the other的复数形式。如： Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。 the others=the other 复数名词，这在第2条中已经有所介绍。 5.another=an other，既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如： I dont like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。 I have thre
24、e daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。Lets do sth , lets=let us 让我们做 人称代词用宾格 Lets 之后跟动词原形。Lets see the panda.我们看熊猫吧。 Lets go! 我们走吧！Unit 6 Im watching TV.一、词组do ones homework 做家庭作业 watch TV 看电视 eat dinner 吃饭；就餐clean the room 打扫房间 talk o
25、n the phone 电话聊天thanks for+n/doing为某事感谢某人 go shopping/swimming去购物/游泳at the pool 在游泳池 at school 在学校 in the tree 在树上read newspaper/a book 看报纸看书 write a letter 写信go to the movies =go to the cinema=watch a movie 看电影 take photos 拍照wait for 等待；等候 TV show 电视节目talk about 谈论e.g. What are you talking about? s
26、ome of中的一些 a photo of my family 我的家庭照be with 和一起 with sb 和某人在一起 in the first/last photo在第一张/最后一张照片 二、句型与日常交际用语1.-What+be+主语+doing? 正在做什么？ -主语be doing 正在做某事2.-Here are/is例：Here are some of my photos. /Here is a photo of my family.3.-Do you want to go to the movies? -Sure.4.-When do you want to go? -L
27、ets go at seven.5.-Where do people play basketball? -At school.6.-Whats he waiting for? -Hes waiting for a bus.7.-Whats he reading? -Hes reading a newspaper.8. Can +do(动词原形) 可以e.g.You can see my family at home. 三、语法现在进行时1)现在在进行时的形式：助动词be(am,is,are)+动词-ing形式（也叫现在分词），表示现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。2)现在进行时的肯定句形
28、式：主语+be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词+其他 例：Im watching TV.3)现在进行时的否定句形式：主语+be(am,is,are)+not+动词现在分词+其他例：They are not playing soccer.4)现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答：Is(am,are)+主语+动词现在分词+其他?Yes,主语+is/am/are. No,主语+isnt/arent/am not. 例：Are you reading? Yes,I am. No,I am not.5) 现在进行时的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is/am/are+主语+现在分词+其他? 例：What i
29、s your brother doing?Unit 7 Its raning!一、词组play computer games 打电子游戏 lie on the beach 躺在沙滩上play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球 in this heat 在酷暑中 in picture 在图片里 on vacation 度假 on the beach 在海边 around the world 世界各地 =all over the worldbe surprised at sth./sb.对某人或某人感到惊讶 be relaxed 放松 =feel relaxed have a good
30、 time 玩得很痛快 in different kind of weather 在不同的天气里thank sb for(doing)sth由于某事而感谢某人 someothers一些另一些 a group of people 一群人 look at sb doing/do sth 看某人正在做某事/做了某事（事情的全过程）everyone后只接人不跟of, 相当于everybody; every one 后跟人或物，可跟of。e.g. Everyone is here. 每个人都在这。 Every one of the students likes the teacher. 每位学生都很喜欢
31、这个老师。二、句型日常交际用语(1)-Hows the weather(+地点)? -Its rainy. /Its cold and snowing.(2)-Whats the weather like?-The weather there is very hot.(3)-Hows it going(with sb.)?某人最近怎样。/How was your trip?-Great. /Not bad./Terrible/Pretty good!(4)Thanks you for joining CCTVs Around the World show!(5)-Is Aunt Wang th
32、ere? -Yes, she is/No, she isnt(6) There are many people here on vacation.(7) See you later./See you soon. 之后见/很快见(8) My phone isnt working. 我的电话坏了。Unit 8 Is there a post office near there?一、词组post office 邮局 pay phone 投币式公用电话 next to 在.隔壁across from 在.对面 in front of 在.前面 betweenand在.和.之间on a street 在
33、街上 in the neighborhood 在附近 on the right/left 在右边在左边behind在后面 on Green street 在格林街上 near在附近go straight 一直走 go down(along)沿着.走 welcome to 欢迎enjoy+名词/doing喜欢做某事 have fun 过得愉快on ones right/left在某人的右边左边 turn right/left 向右左转take a walk 散步 the way to 去.的路 let sb do sth 让某人做某事take a taxi 打的乘出租车 go through.穿
34、过.have a good trip 旅途愉快=have a good time. 玩的开心，过得愉快arrive at（小地方） /in（大地方）到达at the beginning of 在.开始的时候 at the end of 在.结束的时候hope to do sth/that/for sth 希望做某事 （不可以用hope sb. to do sth.）help sb.to do sth./sb. sth. 帮助某人某事in front of 与 in the front of 的区别 in front of就是指在某物的前方；in the front of是指在某物的内部靠前的地
35、方。 e.g. sit in the front of the classroom. 指坐在教室前排的。 sit in front of the classroom指坐在教室前面 (教室外面的前面)。It cost sb. st. to do sth./some moeysb. spend time on sth. /(in) doing sth./sb. spend some money. 花费时间/金钱做某事二、句型。1、Is there a .?句型Eg: -Excuse me. Is there a hotel in /near the neighborhood. -Yes, ther
36、e is. No. there isnt2、Where is ?句型Eg:-Where is the park, please?-Its behind the bank.(肯定回答)-Im sorry I dont know. (否定回答)3、Which is the way to +地点? 句型.如：Which is the way to the library?4、How can I get to +地点?句型.如：How can I get to the restaurant?5、Can you tell me the way to +地点？/Could you please tell
37、me .句型.如：Can you tell me the way to the post office?6、Let me tell you the way to my house. 7、Just go straight and turn left.三、日常交际用语1、Is there a bank near here? Yes, there is .Its on Centre Street. /No, there isnt.2、Wheres the supermarket? Its next to the library.3、Bridge Street is a good place to h
38、ave fun.4、I hope you have a good trip. 5If you are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant.6、Talk a walk though the park.7、I know you are arriving next Sunday. 我知道你下周日要来。8、Time goes by./time goes quickly. 时间流逝/时间流逝得飞快Unit 9 What dose he look like?一、词组curly /short/straight/long hair卷短直发 of medium h
39、eight/build中等高度身体 a little bit+形容词一点儿 a pop singer一位流行歌手 be popular with sb在流行 notany more不再good-looking好看 wear glasses戴眼镜 have a new look呈现新面貌 the captain of the basketball team篮球队队长 Nobody knows me没有人认识我二、句型1）-What does he look like?-Hes really short. He has short hair./ He is of medium build.2）Do
40、 you know I have a new friend in Class Five？3）-She has beautiful, long black hair.-I dont think hes so great .6) stop doing(sth)表示停止正在干的事 如:He stop listening-She never stops talking.stop to do (sth)表示停下来去做某事 如:He stops to listen.7) I can go shopping and nobody knows me.8) -Is he tall or short? Hes o
41、f medium height.9) He has long straight brown hair.描述顺序：形状大小（long/short）-年龄-颜色-国籍Unit 10 Id like some noodles.一、词组would like+ n/to do 想要 a large/medium/small bowl of 大碗/中碗/小碗 what size 什么尺寸orange juice 桔汁 green tea 绿茶 what kind of 表示.的种类 a kind of 一种 some kind of 许多种 a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 a bottle of
42、orange juice 一瓶桔子汁(不可数) three oranges 三个桔子(可数) some chicken 一些鸡肉(不可数)three chickens 三只小鸡(可数)gongbao chicken 宫爆鸡丁 mapo tofu 麻婆豆腐cut up 切碎 cut down 砍下 cut off 切断 cut out 切掉二、句型）What kind of would you like? 你想要?）-What size bowl of noodles would you like?-I like a small bowl of noodles.）We have large ,m
43、edium, and small bowls. ）I like dumplings, I dont like noodles.三、日常交际用语）-Can I help you?/ What can I do for you?/May I take your order?-Id like some noodles. please.）-What kind of noodles would you like? -Id like mutton and potato noodles. Please.）-Would you like a cup of green tea?-Yes, please. /No
44、, thankswould like后面还可以跟不定式.即:A: would like to do sth.想要做某事He would like to see you today.B:would like sb.to.do.sth.想要某人做某事What would you like me to do.If If 引导的条件状语从句 主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。e.g. If he or she blows(从句) out all the candles in one go, the wish will （主句）come true. If it doesnt （从句）rain, we
45、will（主句） play basketball. It it 作形式主语。结构：it+be(is/was)+（for sb.）+to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事怎么样e.g. Its getting more and more popular to have cake on your birthday. = It becomes more and more popular that people have cake on their birthday. Unit 11 How was you weekend?一、词组 do some reading阅读 study for the (math) test准备（数学）考试 have a party/ do some sports做运动 practice+n/doing练习 what aout/ How about+n/doing做什么怎么样 stay at home呆家里go to