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1、主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：如：Many students study English.(主动语态主动语态) English is studied by many students. (被动语态被动语态)by many students.English is studiedby many students.English is not studied被动语态的结构被动语态的结构三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 2. 被动语态的时态被动语态的时态 时态回顾：时态
2、回顾：（时态主要以（时态主要以谓语动词谓语动词的不同的不同 形式体现出来。）形式体现出来。）时时 态态形形 式式一一般般式式进行进行式式完成完成式式一般现在时一般现在时 do/does 一般过去时一般过去时 did一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时 will/shall dowould/should do现在进行时现在进行时 is/am/are doingwas/were doing过去进行时过去进行时 现在完成时现在完成时 has/have done过去完成时过去完成时 had done三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由
3、被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(1) 一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态： _ 我们学校学英语。我们学校学英语。 _ 我们在学校受到很好的照顾。我们在学校受到很好的照顾。 _ am /is/ are+过去分词过去分词 English is taught in our school. We are taken good care of at school. 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动
4、词来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(2) 一般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态： _ 他被带到了警察局。他被带到了警察局。 _ 这座房子是这座房子是10年前建的。年前建的。 _was /were+过去分词过去分词 He was taken to the police station. The house was built ten years ago. 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：来体现，其基本结构和用法如下
5、：(3) 一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态： _ 不久这里将建一栋新楼。不久这里将建一栋新楼。 _ 会议将于今天下午会议将于今天下午2点举行。点举行。 _A new building will be built here soon. will be+过去分词过去分词 The meeting will be held at two this afternoon. 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(5) 现在完
6、成时的被动语态：现在完成时的被动语态： _ 所有的工作现在都做好了。所有的工作现在都做好了。 _ 信都寄了吗？信都寄了吗？ _ have /has been+过去分词过去分词 All the work has been done now. Have the letters been posted? 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(6) 过去完成时的被动语态：过去完成时的被动语态： _ 他说工作已完成了。他说工作已完
7、成了。 _ had been+过去分词过去分词 He said the work had been finished. 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(7) 现在进行时的被动语态：现在进行时的被动语态： _ 我的表正在由他修理。我的表正在由他修理。 _ 计划现在正在讨论。计划现在正在讨论。 _am /is/ are being+过去分词过去分词 My watch is being repaired by him.
8、The plan is now being discussed. 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(8) 过去进行时的被动语态：过去进行时的被动语态： _ 他说那个人正在动手术。他说那个人正在动手术。 _ 他说正在修建一个新车站。他说正在修建一个新车站。 _was /were being+过去分词过去分词 He said that the man was being operated on. He told me t
9、hat a new station was being built. 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：3. 含有情态动词的被动形式含有情态动词的被动形式若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词，在相应若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词，在相应 的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词，其的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词，其 结构为结构为“_”： Everyone must know this. _情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词 Th
10、is must be known by everyone. 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：请看以下带情态动词被动句实例：请看以下带情态动词被动句实例： 这不是短期内可以完成的。这不是短期内可以完成的。 _ 这可以由机器来做吗这可以由机器来做吗? _ 这工作必须马上做了。这工作必须马上做了。 _This cant be done in a short time. Can this be done by machine
11、? The work must be done at once. 四、其它用法四、其它用法 1. 带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态 时，通常是把时，通常是把_(指指_ )变变 为被动语态的主语，而把为被动语态的主语，而把_ (指指_)保留下来保留下来(称为保留宾语称为保留宾语)： He answered me that question. _带双宾语的动词带双宾语的动词 I was answered that question by him. 间接宾语间接宾语 人人 直接宾语直接宾语 事物事物 四、其它用法四、其它用法 有的动词则通常把有的动词则通常把_宾语
12、宾语(指事物指事物) 变为被动语态的主语，而把变为被动语态的主语，而把_宾语宾语 改为介词改为介词to 或或for引起的状语引起的状语 (到底用到底用to 还是还是for与所搭配的动词有关与所搭配的动词有关)： He wrote her a letter. _. (与动词与动词write搭配用介词搭配用介词_) She made him a new coat. _. (与动词与动词make搭配用介词搭配用介词_)直接宾语直接宾语 间接间接 A letter was written to her. to A new coat was made for him. for 带双宾语的动词带双宾语的动
13、词四、其它用法四、其它用法 带双宾语的动词带双宾语的动词 有时以上两种方式均可用：有时以上两种方式均可用： He gave her some money. _. _. He bought her a watch. _. _.She was given some money. Some money was given to him. A watch was bought for her. She was bought a watch. 四、其它用法四、其它用法 带双宾语的动词带双宾语的动词 练习练习 1. He showed me his pictures. _. _. 2. Aunt made
14、 me a new dress. _. _. 3. He sent me a birthday present. _. _.I was shown his pictures by him. His pictures were shown to me by him. I was made a new dress by aunt. A new dress was made for me by aunt. I was sent a birthday present by him. A birthday present was sent to me by him. 四、其它用法四、其它用法 含复合宾语
15、的动词含复合宾语的动词 2含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。 （1）将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。）将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。 如：如： They call her XiaoLi. _ He left the door open. _She is called XiaoLi.The door was left open by him. 四四 其其它它用法用法I was often made to do this and that by my .She was heard to move about in Was Jack seen to take away the m
16、agazine 一感二听三使四看外加一感二听三使四看外加help。 一感；一感；feel二听：二听：hear,listen to三使：三使：make ,let ,have四看：四看：look at,see,watch,notice 这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加不加to，但变被动句时必须加，但变被动句时必须加to. My brother often made me do this and that when I was young. _ when I young. I heard her move about in her room upstairs
17、last night. _ last night. Did you see Jack take away the magazine? _?四、其它用法四、其它用法 动词短语的被动语态动词短语的被动语态 一般来讲，只有一般来讲，只有_才有被动语态，才有被动语态，因为只有因为只有vt. 才能有动作的承受者才能有动作的承受者; 但有许多由但有许多由_+_及其他词类构成的短及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当与及物动词，可以有宾语。因而语动词，相当与及物动词，可以有宾语。因而可以有被动语态，但应注意动词短语是一个不可以有被动语态，但应注意动词短语是一个不可分割的整体。变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语可分割的整体。
18、变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语的的_或或_这样的短语有：这样的短语有：look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make use of, etc. 如：如： 及物动词及物动词 不及物动词不及物动词 介词介词 介词介词 副词副词 四、其它用法四、其它用法 动词短语的被动语态动词短语的被动语态 They had put out the fire before the fire-brigade arrived. _ They will set up a new public schoo
19、l here. _ The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived. A new public school will be set up here. e.g. A traffic accident _(happen) just now.happenedc.连系动词（Link.v.)不用被动语态不用被动语态。如：be、look、seem、feel、sound、smell、taste、get、turn、become e.g. Peking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.soundsd.当此动词表示事物的自然
20、属性的时候，不用被动语态不用被动语态。e.g. The pen _(write) very fast.writesThis kind of sweater _(sell) well. sellsb.不及物动词（vi.)不用被动语态不用被动语态。如:happen、takeplace、appear、disappear,belongto,grow,wash,open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, pay, draw,a. need /
21、 want/be worth+v-ing 用主动形式表被动含义用主动形式表被动含义。 把下列句子变成被动语态把下列句子变成被动语态:1)A car knocked him down yesterday.2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team3）When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen treeA fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.He was knocked down by a car yesterdayThe m
22、edical team is made up of by two4)Well put on the play next Sunday5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6)They had completed the railway by the end of last yearThe play will be put on next SundayA new teaching building is being built by workers in our schoolThe railway had been
23、 completed by the end of last year6. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (济南市中考题）济南市中考题） another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态变主动语态7.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. (青岛市中考题）青岛市中考题）8. They grow vegetables
24、on the farm. The vegetables _ _on the farm（上（上海市中考题）海市中考题）They sent upwere planted are grown1.Ourschool_in2002.(开办)2.Theyoungtreesmust_well.(照顾)3._thisbuilding_(建成)lastyear?4.Thebook_(写)byhimlastyear.5.Thebridge_(不建造)in1989.6.The29thOlympicGameswill_(举行)inUKin2012.wasopenedbelookedafterWasbuiltwaswrittenwasntbuiltbeheld