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1、被被 动动 语语 态态 寿春中学 How to describe the picturesThe river was seriously polluted. Some trees were cut down. 语态是动词的一种形式，表示语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语主语和和动词动词之间之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者执行者，而被动，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的语态动词的主语是动作的承受者承受者。被动语态是动词。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的的
2、一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词及物动词才有被动语态。才有被动语态。 英语语态英语语态被动语态的构成被动语态的构成 由助动词由助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词（及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成。构成。助动词助动词be有有人称、数和时态的变化人称、数和时态的变化。waterwatered watereduseused usedstudystudied studiedstopstopped stoppeddodid doneriderode riddenFor examplefind found found makemade madebuild built builtswee
3、p swept swepttake took takenbuy bought boughthave had hadsing sang sungtelltold toldgivegave given英语的谓语动词有两种语态英语的谓语动词有两种语态We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾变主宾变主,主变宾主变宾,前加前加by动变被动变被,看清看清be, 结构分别结构分别be+ pp主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1. 找宾语找宾语 -即动作的承受者即动作的承受者They mak
4、e shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数 -即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.arewere3. 判断动词的时态判断动词的时态 -即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词 made5. 修改原句的主语修改原句的主语 -即即by+ 主语主语/ 宾语宾语. by them.1.一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are +done We clean the classroom every day. The classroom is cleaned by us every d
5、ay.She waters the flowers every day.The flowersWhat does she do every day?every day.are watered by herThey do their homework after school.Their homework is done by them after school.He plays basketball every week. Basketball is played by him every week.My mother sweeps the floor every day.The floor
6、is swept by my mother every day.I bought a computer last term A computer was bought (by me) last term.2.一般过去时一般过去时was/were+done He put on a coat. A coat was put on by him.The Great Wall was built by Chinese people many years ago.Chinese people built the Great Wall many years ago.The students planted
7、 many trees yesterday.Many trees were planted by the students yesterday.3.现在进行时现在进行时:am/is/are+being+V(p.p)Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.4. 4. 过去进
8、行时：过去进行时： was/were+being+v(p.p)was/were+being+v(p.p)5.一般将来时一般将来时 shall/will /be going to+ be done He is going to write a letter to his mother. A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.send to, hospital, right now a talk, give , soonThey will be sent to the hospital right now.A talk will
9、be given soon.I _(not invite)to tomorrows wedding. will not be done 否定结构否定结构Dogs will not be allowed to enter your classroom. allowsmokingstadiumallowSmoking will not be allowed in the stadium.6.现在完成时现在完成时has /have +been done Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim. 7.含有情态动词的被动语
10、态含有情态动词的被动语态 can/may/must/should等情态动词等情态动词 +be+ done I can find him. He can be found by me. Ann can take good care of the cats The cats can be taken good care of by Ann.We should clean the classroom every day.The classroom should be cleaned by us every day.Our students mustnt smoke cigarettes.Cigare
11、ttes mustnt be smoked by our students.小结：各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：情态动词：情态动词：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去进行时：过去进行时：S+am/is /are +doneS+was/were +doneS+ can/may/must/should等等 + be+ doneS+ will+be+ doneS+ am/is/are + being + doneS+ have/has + been+ doneS+ was/were+being+
12、done Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the words given in the brackets. 1.The bridge ( build) last year. 2.The Olympic Games (hold) every four years.3.The problem (discuss) at the meeting now. 4.His new book (publish) next month. 5.The classroom (not clean) yet. was built are held is being
13、discussed will be published has not been cleaned Homework: 6. The machine (repair) at this time yesterday. 7. She said the report (type) by Li Mei for two weeks. 8. Miss Li said the book (give) to the students the next morning. 9. By the end of next term two thousand English words (learn). 10. He sa
14、id the project . (finish) by 2010.was being repairedhad been typed would be given will have been learnedwould have been finished 被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。(动词后的介词不可省动词后的介词不可省）e.g. The students listen to the teacher carefully in class.被动句：被动句：The teacher is listened to carefully by
15、the students in class. e.g. They look after the new students in the school.被动句：被动句：The new students are looked after by them in the school. 2.当动当动词带有复合宾语词带有复合宾语(有宾补有宾补), 并且宾补是省去并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”。（即：主动省即：主动省to，被动加上，被动加上to。）。） e.g. They make us do all the work.被动句：被动句：W
16、e are made to do all the work by them. e.g. We often hear her sing songs.被动句：被动句：She is often heard to sing songs by us. e.g. I saw him walk to school.被动句：被动句：He was seen to walk to school by me.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中离开，被动句中to回回 来。（常考词有：来。（常考词有：make, see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等。等。)
17、3.当动词带双宾语时当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一一个宾语是指人，一个是指物个是指物)，将其中，将其中指人的宾语指人的宾语提前作被动提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将如是将指物的宾语指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或或“for” 。常见加常见加to的动词有的动词有: give，send, teach，write, show, pass, ask, tell 常见加常见加for的动词有的动词有: make, buy draw e.g. He gives m
18、e a flower everyday. 被动被动1： I am given a flower by him everyday. 被动被动2： A flower is given to me by him everyday. e.g. My mother bought me a computer. 被动被动1： I was bought a computer by my mother . 被动被动2： A computer was bought for me by my mother .4. 系动词没有被动形式，主动形系动词没有被动形式，主动形式表被动意义。式表被动意义。 常见的有常见的有ta
19、ste（尝起来），（尝起来）， sound （听起来），（听起来）， feel（摸起（摸起来），来）， look（看起来），（看起来），smell（闻起来）等（闻起来）等.例如：例如：1) The apple tastes good.2)The song sounds gentle.5. 有些动词如有些动词如:sell（卖），（卖）， wash（洗），（洗）， write (写）等与副词写）等与副词well（好），（好）， easily（容易地）（容易地）等连用等连用 ，描绘事物的特性，用，描绘事物的特性，用主动表被动。例如：主动表被动。例如： 1)The coat washes easily
20、. 2)The books sell wellHomework :1.He cleans the classroom everyday.2.They finished their homework.3.I can mend his bike.4.She will buy ten books tomorrow.5.We shouldnt allow them to go out with their friends.6.The old man often makes us laugh. Exercises:1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _
21、shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have to B are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, _and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 3. - _ the sports meet might be p
22、ut off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told ACA4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the
23、near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. h
24、ad been broken DCBC8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up 9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost
25、 10. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for? A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building 11.- Do you like the cloth? - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt BDAC12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese
26、 A write B to write C to be written D written 13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed 14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily. A. wont wash out B. wont be washed out C. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out 15. Nobody noticed the thief s
27、lip into the house because the lights happened to _. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go outBCAD16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith. A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to 17. - What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A. to r
28、ead B. to be read C. reading D. being read 18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 19. This page needed _ again. A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked 20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do it. A. Havi
29、ng taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching DCCDB Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows. The windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the words given in the brackets. 1.T
30、he bridge ( build) last year. 2.The Olympic Games (hold) every four years.3.The problem (discuss) at the meeting now. 4.His new book (publish) next month. 5.The classroom (not clean) yet. was built are held is being discussed will be published has not been cleaned 6. The machine (repair) at this tim
31、e yesterday. 7. She said the report (type) by Li Mei for two weeks. 8. Miss Li said the book (give) to the students the next morning. 9. By the end of next term two thousand English words (learn). 10. He said the project . (finish) by 2010.was being repairedhad been typed would be given will have be
32、en learnedwould have been finished The Passive Voice被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是谓语的形式是主动语态主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用谓语要用被动语态被动语态。被动语态由助动词被动语态由助动词be+过去分词过去分词构构成，时态通过成，时态通过be表现出来。表现出来。His brother washes face every day.主主谓谓宾宾Face is washed (by his brother )every day
33、.1.一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：2.They make shoes in that factory. Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.结构：结构：am/is /are +过去分词过去分词Exercises: 1) They play football on Sunday. 2) Lucy does the homework in the evening. Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.He loo
34、ked after the little baby yesterday.The little baby was looked afterby him yesterday .3. 一般过去时一般过去时： was/were +V.(p.p)Exercises:They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday. The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good ca
35、re of by him yesterday. They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：will + be +过去分词过去分词4.4.一般将来时：一般将来时：Exercises: We will have a sports meeting next week. Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow. A sports meeting will be had (by
36、us ) next week.Some photos will be taken (by children ) in the schoolyard tomorrow.5含有含有情态动词的：情态动词的： 情态动词情态动词+ be+ be+过去分词过去分词Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.1) He can take care of the baby.2) Lucy may draw the pictures. The baby can be taken care of by him.The p
37、icture may be drawn by Lucy. Exercises:We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时现在完成时:have/has + been + V.(p.p)8.8.现在完成时：现在完成时：1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The win
38、dows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）练习：1.Many people speak English.2.They made computers in the U.S.A.3.People used knives for cutting things.4.People used metal for making machines.5.They produce silk in Suzhou and Hangzhou.6.They speak English in Canada. 7.They
39、 write business letters in English. 8.They grow rice in South China. 9.They plant many trees in North China. 10.Lu Xun wrote this book. 11.The workers built some bridges.12.We can use the box as a table. 13.We should clean the classroom everyday 练习：将下列句子变为被动句。 1.Li Lei listens to his father carefull
40、y. 2.The mother looked after the baby in the room. 3.We took care of the things. 4.They gave us some work. 5.The boy made them laugh all the time. 6.My mother buys me a bike. 下列时态的被动语态构成下列时态的被动语态构成 The Passive Voicemade by LiQinShe waters the flowers every day.The flowersWhat does she do every day?e
41、very day.are watered by herThey do their homework after school.Their homework is done by them after school.He plays basketball every week. Basketball is played by him every week.My mother sweeps the floor every day.The floor is swept by my mother every day.jacketThe jacket is used for keeping warm.T
42、he jacket is made in Guangzhou.Guangzhoukeeping warmZhengzhouknivescutting thingssummary 英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者受者, 在被动语态中动作的执行者有时在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用用by短语表示出来短语表示出来.一般现在时一般现在时(simple present)：S(主语主语)+am/is/are +过去分词过去分词(done)一般过
43、去时一般过去时(simple past)：S+was/were +过去分词过去分词(done)2. I bought a computer last term A computer was bought (by me) last term.The light was invented by Thomas Edison .inventThomas Edison invented the light. The Great Wall was built by Chinese people many years ago.Chinese people built the Great Wall many
44、years ago.The students planted many trees yesterday.Many trees were planted by the students yesterday.Ask and answer waterevery dayat homemy grandmaA: When are the flowers watered?B: The flowers are watered every day.A: Where are the flowers watered?B: The flowers are watered at home.A: Who are the
45、flowers watered by?B: The flowers are watered by my grandma.A: Are the flowers watered by my grandma at home every day? B: yes, they are.sweepon weekendsin the kitchenmy motherWhen where whodoafter schoolin the classroomthe childrenbuildlong long agoin BeijingChinese peoplebuylast weekin NingboMary1
46、.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the
47、book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told3. We found the ticket on the floor .5. Last year we built a library in ourschool.A library _ _ in our school last year.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was built can be used7. D
48、id you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given
49、 were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicin
50、e three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be takenHave a try 1. The emperor invented tea by accident. 2. Many Chinese can speak English. 3. They dont wash their clothes every day. 4. The boy broke the door of the class.Tea was invented by the emperor by accident.E