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1、Reading and ThinkingComprehendingI .阅读理解AMaria( 17181799) was a famous Italian mathematician.She was described in a book as follows： “ Maria was a child prodigy(神童)，but was also shy. ”She stayed at home, teaching the younger children and following her own studies.When her mother died after giving bi
2、rth to twenty-one children , Maria took over the running of the household.At the age of twenty she started a ten-year project, a book bringing together the work on calculus(彳散积分学)of Leibnitz and Newton titled Analytic Institutions.Sometimes she would have trouble with a problem, but her mind went on
3、 working even in her sleep； she would sleepwalk to her study and back to bed.In the morning, she would find the answer to the problem waiting on her desk.Her book made her famous； she was living proof of what she had argued at nine years old that women had a right to study science.But Maria had othe
4、r interests in her life apart from mathematics.She had always worked with the poor people in her area, and she had asked her father for separate rooms and turned them into a private hospital.She worked at the hospital (and another) until she died at the age of eighty-one.Maria wrote an important boo
5、k on mathematics, as well as another unpublished book.She ran a household of over twenty people, and she worked for people who had not had her luck and opportunities.Each one of these things was remarkable, but she did them all.语篇解读 本文是一篇人物传记。主要介绍了意大利著名数学家玛丽亚的成功经历和她为 一些穷人做出的贡献。1. We know from the te
6、xt that Maria .A. was a maths teacher when she was younglived a rich life in her childhoodB. was born in a large familywas too shy to teach othersK答案UcK解析X细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，她妈妈有21个孩子，所以她出生在一个大家庭。2. It can be inferred from the text that .A. there were some good schools for children when Maria was youn
7、gwomen were not allowed to study science when Maria was a little girlB. women had equal rights to learn anything as boys didMaria had the ability to make enough money to bring up her brothers and sisters when her mother diedK答案U BK解 析U 推理判断题。根据第二段第六句中的u .she was living proof of what she had argued a
8、t nine years old that women had a right to study science.可推知,当 时是不 允许女性学科学的。 3. According to the text, Maria was so devoted to maths that she .A. forgot everything when she was studyingB spent over ten years writing her most famous bookC. never slept while doing researcheswould go on with her study
9、in her dreamK答案H DK解 析 细节理解题。根据第二段第四、五句可知，她对工作执着到睡觉时也会梦游进书 房工作。4. We know from the text that Maria was also a woman.A. kind-heartedB. beautifulC. well-bornD. richK答案AK解 析I 推理判断题。根据文章后半局部的描述可知，她为别人做了很多事，说明她不仅 是一位伟大的数学家，还是一个“热心的、善良的“人。BAntarcticas melting ice, which has caused global sea levels to ris
10、e by at least 13.8 millimeters over the past 40 years, was thought to primarily come from the unstable West Antarctic Ice Sheet(WAIS). Now, scientists have found that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS)一considered largely unaffected by climate change一may also be melting at an unexpectedly rapid spee
11、d.The WAIS, whose base is below sea level, has long been considered the most likely to break down.Besides gravity, a deep current of warm water slips beneath the sheet, melting it from below until it becomes a floating shelf at risk of breaking away.In contrast, extreme cold and a base mostly above
12、sea level are thought to keep the EAIS relatively safe from warm waters.But as greenhouse gases warm much of the planet, driving stronger polar winds, some scientists think warm water carried by a circular current will start to invade East Antarctica s once unassailable ice.A cooperation of more tha
13、n 60 scientists last year, published in Nature, estimated that the EAIS actually added about 5 billion tons of ice each year from 1992 to 2017.Eric Rignot of the University of California, Irvine, and colleagues combined 40 years of satellite imagery and climate modeling and found that overall Antarc
14、tica now sends six times more ice into the sea each year than it did in 1979, with the majority coming from West Antarctica.But East Antarctica was responsible for more than 30% of AntarcticaT s contribution to the 13.8-millimeter sea level rise over the past 40 years. The more we look at this syste
15、m, the more we realize this is fragile, “ Rignot says, “Once these glaciers become unstable there is no red button to press to stop it. ”Rignot hopes the study brings greater attention to a part of Antarctica that has traditionally been understudied.Helen Fricker, a glaciologist （冰 I 学家）in Californi
16、a, agrees， “ We need to monitor the entire Antarctica and we just can t do that without international cooperation.,语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家发现南极东部的冰层正在以出人意料的速度融化，其中一个因素就是海洋暖流的入侵，科学家主张通过国际合作来监测南极洲。5 . What is the new finding of scientists?A. The east Antarctica is losing ice at an increasing rate.B - The w
17、est Antarctica is melting six times faster than in 1979.1. 5 billion tons of ice is added to Antarctica each year.2. The sea level has risen by 13.8 mm over the past 40 years.K答案XAK解 析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，科学家发现南极东部的冰层正在以出人 意料的速度融化，故A项正确。此题干扰性最大的就是D选项，原文第一段第一句中的“at least 13.8 millimeters.有提示，D 项中没有 at
18、least,故 D 项不对。6. Which factor leads to the EATS s melting fast?A. A base mostly over sea level.B , The force of gravity.C. The invasion of a warm current.D. Extremely low temperature.K答案UcK 解 析 U 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 u some scientists think warm water carried by a circular current will start to invade East
19、 Antarctica s once unassailable ice ” 可知，科学家认为海洋环流 携带的温暖的海水入侵南极东部的冰层导致其加速融化，故C项正确。7. Which of the following best explains “unassailable“ underlined in Para.3?A. Fragile.B. Unattackable.C. Mild.D. Unstable.K答案BK解 析I 词义猜想题。根据画线词后一句可知，1992年到2017年，南极东部的冰层每年增加50亿吨冰，按照常理推断体积如此庞大的冰层是坚不可摧的，由此可知画线词词义为 “坚不可摧的
20、”，故B项正确。8. Which way does Helen Fricker specially advocate?A. Satellite imagery.B - Global monitoring.C. Worldwide climate modeling.D. Worldwide combined efforts.K答案DK解 析H 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，HelenFricker认为我们需要监测南极 洲，没有国际合作我们无法做到这一点，由此可知，Helen Fricker主张通过国际合作来监测 南极洲，故D项正确。CElizabeth Blackwell was bor
21、n on February 3,1821 in England.While she was growing up, two of her brothers and six of her sisters died.Elizabeth decided to become a doctor.Her father was a sugar businessman.He encouraged equality（平等）between boys and girls so, unlike most girls, Elizabeth had the same education as boys.One night
22、, when Elizabeth was eleven, a fire destroyed her family, s business.The family became so poor that Mr Blackwell decided to go to America.When the family reached New York, Mr Blackwell tried to start a new business, but failed.In 1837, he died.After being refused several times by medical schools, El
23、izabeth was finally accepted by Geneva Medical College in New York, largely as a joke.People there, even women, thought she was indecent（下流的）and asked her to leave.But with great determination, Elizabeth graduated with high honors.After graduation, Elizabeth went to Paris to learn more about medicin
24、e.Elizabeth returned to America in 1851 .There she helped other women become doctors and opened a medicine store.Then, she begged her rich friends to give money to build a hospital.Elizabeth s dream came true in 1857 when the New York Infirmary for Women and Children opened its doors.lt was the firs
25、t true hospital for women, run by women doctors in the world.In 1868, the hospital opened a medical college for women.After that, Elizabeth received a letter from Europe asking her to come to her homeland and do for the women of Europe what she had done in America.She returned to England in 1869.The
26、re she served for forty years, which made her a hero.语篇解读 本文介绍了英国首位取得医学博士学位的伟大女性Elizabeth Blackwell。9. What made Elizabeth want to be a doctor?A Her poor family.B - Her father s advice.C. Her family members early death.D. The inequality between girls and boys.K答案IcK解 析I细节理解题。根据文章第一段的内容可知，Elizabeth年幼
27、时她的兄弟姐妹相继死亡，这让她产生了当医生的想法。10. Why did Elizabeth s family move to America?A. To sell more sugar.B To look for chances to live.C. To open a hospital for women.D. To help Elizabeth study medicine.K答案HBK解 析I细节理解题。根据文章第三段的内容可知，Elizabeth一家搬到美国是为了寻找生存的机会。11. It can be inferred from Para.4 that in America .A
28、. hardly any women studied medicineB , studying medicine was considered decentC. women were not allowed to receive educationD. women and children suffered a lot from poor healthK答案AK解 析X 推理判断题。文章第四段讲到Elizabeth 一开始遭到很多家医学院的拒绝，在她 被纽约的一家医学院录取后，当地的人们甚至是妇女都认为她学医很下流，都斥责她让她离 开，由此可知，当时几乎没有女性学医，因为在人们看来女性学医是一
29、件下流的事情。12. Which is the right order of the following events about Elizabeth?a. She opened the first hospital for women.b. She opened a medicine store in America.c. Her family moved to New York.d. She graduated from a medical school.e. She returned to England to serve.f. Her family s business was des
30、troyed.g. She went to Paris to study medicine.A. c -fdgb aeB. f-c dg ba-eC. f-cgdbaeD. f-cg d_b_e_aR答案UBK解 析H事件排序题。根据文章内容可知，所列事件的正确顺序是：Elizabeth家的生意因 火灾而破产f她全家搬到纽约谋生一她从医学院毕业f她到巴黎进修一她在美国开了一家药 店一她开了第一家妇女医院f她返回家乡做贡献。H.七选五Have you ever imagined the benefits that a good memory can bring to you? 13 Here a
31、re four ways to improve your memory.14 There is evidence that sleep plays a vital role in the consolidation of memories relating to learning motor skills, such as learning to play a musical instrument or ride a bike.Having a full night s sleep soon after gaining a new skill helps consolidate the pro
32、cesses involved, so they can later be performed well.It s rewarding to continue education.Older people are often told to adopt a “ use it or lose it” approach to maintaining cognitive（认知的）function. 15 In a 2016 study, US researchers found participants aged 60 90 who spent 15 hours a week for three m
33、onths learning a complex skill, such as digital photography, saw significant improvements in memory tests.Taking a break counts. 16 More than a century ago, German scientists showed that people performed almost twice as well in memory tests if they took breaks.It s useful to stay social.Having an ac
34、tive social life delays memory loss as we age, US scientists who asked people in their 50s and 60s to do memory tests every other year between 2001 and 2007 found the decline in recall abilities of their most sociable subjects to be half that of the least well connected. 17A. Sleeping well helps str
35、engthen memories.B. Old people should participate in easy activitiesYoga, meditation or other relaxation techniques may help.C. Memories can be destroyed if the brain doesn t have enough rests to sharpen them.D. In fact, when it comes to memory, research suggests that only certain types of mental ac
36、tivities help.E. Being able to remember important pieces of information can give you a powerful advantage in your life.G Having good friends, volunteering for charities and other forms of social engagement also protect memory.语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了改善记忆力的四种方法。-K答案U FK解 析I 根据上文“你有没有想过好记性能给你带来的好处？ ”及下文“这
37、里有四种方 法可以提高你的记忆力”可知，该空承上启下，F选项“能记住重要的信息可以给你的生活 带来强大的优势。”切题，应选F。13. 答案U AK解析X 由下文可知，有证据说明，睡眠在巩固与学习运动技能相关的记忆方面起着至关 重要的作用，比方学习演奏乐器或骑自行车。在掌握一项新技能后，尽快睡个好觉有助于巩 固所涉及的过程，以便以后能更好地执行。由此可知，这一段主要讲了睡个好觉有助于增强 记忆力，应选A。14. K答案U EK解 析I 根据上文“老年人经常被告知要采取要么使用它，要么失去它的方法来维持 认知功能”及下文“在2016年的一项研究中，美国研究人员发现，年龄在60至90岁之间、 连续三
38、个月每周花15小时学习一项复杂技能（如数码摄影）的参与者在记忆力测试中取得了显 著进步。”可知，该空承上启下，E选项“事实上，研究说明，在记忆力方面，只有特定类 型的精神活动才有帮助。”切题，应选Eo此题干扰性最大的是B项，因B项中含有old people,很多同学望文生义，以为这个对，但是B项中的easy activities上下文并未提到，故 B项不是正确选项。15. K答案H DK解 析X 根据上文“休息一下很重要”及下文“一个多世纪以前，德国科学家发现，如果 人们休息一下，他们在记忆力测试中的表现几乎是现在的两倍”可知，该空承上启下，D选 项“如果大脑没有足够的休息来锐化记忆，记忆就会被破坏。”切题，应选D。16. K答案D G工解 析U 这一殳主题句为It s useful to stay social.”该空与段落主题相呼应，G选项“拥 有好朋友、为慈善机构当志愿者以及其他形式的社交活动也能保护记忆力。”切题，应选Go