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1、GrammarReview of long sentences语法导学/感悟规律 重点难点剖析语法感知感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题This however, is not always easy.1. So try a few tests online and start thinking about your future career right now!2. This is because your career is a very important part of who you are.3. The top three scores are used to make a co
2、de that indicates the participant s overall work personality.4. The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you arc still at school, before you make any choices about your further education.5. The career you have defines your life, and so taking time to think about it is an essen
3、tial exercise for young people.1 .以上句子中，句1为简单句。2 .句2为由and连接的并列句。3 .句3、句4和句5为主从复合句;在句3中，because引导的是表语从句,who引导的是 宾语从句,都是名词性从句；在句4中，that引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词code；句5中 while引导的是表语从句，而before引导的是状语从句。4 .句6为并列复合句，and连接的是并列句，而you have是定语从句,修饰先行词the career, 引导词为关系代词that/which,在从句中作宾语，被省略。语法精析句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。一、简单
4、句（Simple Sentences）简单句是只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。例如：He often reads English in the morning.他经常在早上读英语。Tom and Mike are American boys.汤姆和迈克是美国男孩。（加黑局部为并列主语，只有一个谓语，仍为简单句）She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.她喜欢画画，经常为增报画画。（加黑局部为并列谓语，只有一个主语，仍为简单句）二、并歹II句（Compound Sentenc
5、es）（一）并列句的构成包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如：The food was good, but he had little appetite.食物很好，但他却没什么胃口。One of the clock s hands is short; the other two arc long.钟的一根指针短，另两根指针长。（二）并列句的分类.并列关系 and, not only.but also, neither.nor, both.and* not.but。Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the home
6、work.汤姆和杰克都没有完成家庭作业。Not couldn1 t they complete the task, but the task was too tough.不是他们完不成任务，而是任务太难了。1 .转折关系 but, yet whereas, nevertheless（但是;然而）。John likes playing basketball, but he didn t play it yesterday.约翰喜欢打篮球,但他昨天没打。Jane said that she was ill, yet/but/whereas I saw her in the street just
7、now. 简说她病了，但我刚才还在街上看见她了。2 . 选择关系 or, otherwise , or else, either.,oroWc must huny, or we 11 miss the train.我们必须快点，否那么会赶不上火车。Either you conic to my place or I go to yours.或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那儿去。3 .因果关系for, sopWe had better stay at home, for it was raining.我们最好待在家里，因为天正在下雨。He didn t work hard, so he failed
8、 in the examination.他学习不努力，因此这次考试不及格。4 .比照关系whileoI do every single bit of housework while my husband Tom just washes dishes now and then. 我做所有的家务，而我的丈夫汤姆只是偶尔洗洗盘子。5 .祈使句+and/or +简单句，祈使句表示一个条件，and引导的简单句表示一个承接的结果, or引导的简单句表示一个相反的结果，简单句使用一般将来时态。Read this story, and you will realize that not everything
9、can be bought with money.阅读这个故事，你会意识到并不是所有的东西都可以用钱买到。Take the flowers into a warm room, or they will die quickly. 把这些花拿到暖和的房间里去，否那么它们会很快死去。三、复合句（Complex Sentences）（一）主从复合句的结构由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体, 从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。主句与从句之间用关联词连接起来。此时关联词也叫从 属连词，它在主语与从句之间起连接作用。例如：The film had begun whe
10、n we got to the cinema.我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。（二）主从复合句的分类根据从句对主句的修饰、限定和补充作用，主从复合句主要分为名词性从句、定语从句和状 语从句。1 .名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句 中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可 分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：附属连词：that, whether, if（不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, who
11、m, whose, which, whichever连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, whereverJohn said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。It remains unknown when they arc going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明 。They are investigat
12、ing the question whether he is Irusiworthy.他们正在调查他是否值得信赖。2 .定语从句（1）定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语 从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose that which, as 等。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系副词有：when, where, why等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的
13、名词， 在从句中作时间、地点和原因状语。Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗？ （who/that在从句中作主语）They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，他们都跑过去帮助。（whose在此用来指人，在从句中作car的定语）A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在从句中作主语）I
14、11 never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的口子。（when在从句中作状语，可替换成介词in + which）As we know, smoking is harmful to one* s health.正如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。（as引导非限制性定语从句，可位于主句前面）（2）判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语, 就必须要用关系代词；而不及物动词那么要用关系副词。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、宾、定、状），也能正确
15、选择出关系代词 /关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年待过的山村。（stay是不及物动词/先行词作状语）This is the mountain village which/that I visited last year.这是我去年拜访过的山村。（visit是及物动词/先行词作宾语）.状语从句状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、形容词、副词或整个句 子。状语从句一般由连词（附属连词）引导，也可以由词组引导。按意义可以分为时间、地点、 原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比拟、让
16、步等状语从句。I didn t manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才会做。（时间状语从句）Since/As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.由于天气那么糟，我们不得不推迟我们的旅程。（原因状语从句）You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.你必须大点声，这样别人就都能听见了。（目的状语从句）He is such a young boy that he can t
17、 go to school.这男孩年龄太小，不能上学。（结果状语从句）As long as we don t lose heart, we 11 turn our dreams into realities.只要我们不灰心，我们就会把梦想变成现实。（条件状语从句）Although it s raining, they are still working in the fields.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。（让步状语从句）四、并列复合句并列复合句指并列句、复合句混合在一个句子里，英语叫Compound-Complex Sentences。或 者说，一个句子里包含着多种关系：既有并列关系，
18、又有复合关系。例如：I admire Tim, but he doesn t admire me, although I try hard to impress him. 我钦佩蒂姆，但他并不钦佩我，尽管我努力想给他留下深刻印象。前1、2分句是并列关系，而第1、2分句与第3分句之间又是主从复合关系。Even if you fail, at least you try, and you arc a better person for it. 即使你失败了，至少你努力了，而且你是做这个事情的理想人选。 前1、2分句是主从复合关系，而第1、2分句与第3分句之间又是并列关系。达标检测/当堂检测基础达标
19、演练、I .判断以下句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句Both Toin and Jack enjoy country music.简单句1. There is a chair in this room, isn t (here?简单句The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.复合句 定语从句2. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.小介句状语从句Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.并列句3. What he said at
20、the meeting is very important, isn t it?复合句 主语从句It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 并列句4. Having never operated a computer, Mr Johnson met with a lot of difficulties at first.简单句 9. We grow rice in the south of (he States, but in the north where it
21、is colder they grow wheat.并歹U 复合句1(). My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in (he evening.简单句II .语法填空Recently, I failed an exam.However,! 1. I came out of my teacher, s office. I told myself, “Smile, itt s not so serious.vI had a big smile 12. i
22、t worked, really.Everyone gels frustrated soinetimes.I used to be always influenced by pressure and I was often in low spirits.13. one day I came across the sentences, Don t be anxious about tomorrow, 14. tomorrow will be anxious fbr itself.Let the dayJ s own trouble be sufficient for the day. They
23、suddenly struck me. Worrying about a problem doesn t help.Why not give a big smile and face up to the trouble?”Now, 15. I want to cry, I remind myself that laughter is better than tears16. anger. I* m convinced 17. there * s something magical about a smile.A smile helps me recover confidence and giv
24、es me the courage to move on.Remember, whenever you arc faced with a setback, 18. treated unfairly, all 19. it takes is determination and you can feel happy again.Smile at life 20. it will shine on you.语篇解读本文作者通过自己的生活经历告诉大家，要笑对人生。11. K 答 案 H when/asK解析X 考查时间状语从句。此处表示“当我从老师的办公室走出来的时候“，空白处应 该用when或者as
25、引导时间状语从句，表示“当的时候”。12. K答案andK解 析X考查并列连词。空处前后为顺承关系，后面句子不缺任何成分，因此此处填并列连词andoK答案ButK解析X考查并列连词。空处前后为转折关系，故填连词But。13. R答 案? for/because/as/sinceK解 析U 考查原因状语从句。空处前后是因果关系，空后表示原因，故可填并列连词for, 也可以填because/as/since引导原因状语从句。14. K答 案whcn/whcncvcrR解 析 考查时间状语从句。根据语境，这里表示“当”或者“每当”，故填 when/whenevero15. R答案andK解 析）考查并列连词。（ears与anger为并列关系，故填and。16. K答案thatK解析U考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不作成分，故应用连接词that引导宾语从句。17. K答案orK解析?考查并列连词。根据语境，空处前后是选择关系，故填并列连词or表示或者。18. K答案thatK解 析考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词all,故填thatoR答案andK解析U考查并列连词。空处前后表示顺承关系，因此这里填并列连词and,构成“祈使句+and+陈述句”的句型。