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1、Grammar复习长句单元语法-一图贯通思维导图一、长句分析一、长句分析产生长句的原因-分析长句的方法句法结构 二、长句理解1_语义逻密 L语篇功能语法整体突破皿语境理解合作探究 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII一长句分析.产生长句的原因一般来说，造成长句的原因有三方面：(1)修饰语过多；(2)并列成分多；(3)语言 结构层次多。1 .分析长句的方法在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法：找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，从整体上把握句子的结构。(2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等，假设
2、是状语，它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等。(4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，例如，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一 个等。注意插入语等其他成分。(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。二、长句理解英语的长句子之所以长，是因为含有较多较长的修饰成分，或是包含多个并列句 或从句。长句子的理解与一般句子相似，主要包括句法结构、语义逻辑和语篇功 能三方面。1句法结构理解长句的基础是理清句子的结构层次，这需要学习者熟悉了解英语的基本句型,在此基础上抓住长句子的主干，即句子的主语和谓语。K合作探究Some people know what they want to do from a y
3、oung age, but many others j ust have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads.有的人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但 更多的人往往是只有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。K自主发现这是由转折连词皿1连接的并列复合句，表达前后两种情况的比照。前半局部是 “主谓宾状”结构，其中含有what引导的宾语从句:后半局部也是“主谓宾” 结构，其中的 bouncing around in their heads 作定语修饰 ideas。2 .语义逻辑在熟悉句子的基本结构的基础上，逐层梳理分析长句中其他成分的层次关系。K合作探究1But b
4、y any criteria this work is worth it to us as well, because it shows that we are global citizens interested in word stability, and that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a community with a shared future for mankind.但以任何标准来看，这项工作对我们都是值得的；因为它说明，我们是关注世界 稳定的全球公民，我们对他人负有责任,我们为建立人类命运共同
5、体做好了准备。K自主发现2D这个长句，第一层从because分开，前面的主句为“主系表”结构，because后 面直到句尾是一个“主谓宾”结构的原因状语从句，用来说明“这项工作很有意 义”的理由。第二层，原因状语从句内部包含两个由that引导的宾语从句，作 show的宾语。第三层，两个that引导的宾语从句是并列关系，也都是“主系表” 结构。3 .语篇功能有些长句在语篇中与上下文存在较为紧密的衔接连贯关系，尤其是句中有指代词 的时候，除了需要理清句子的结构层次和语义逻辑之外，有时还需要结合句子所 在的上下文，分析明确长句中指代词的具体所指。K合作探究Koalas spend quite a l
6、ot of time eating, sleeping, and hanging onto tree trunks, so interaction with humans can cause them a lot of stress.Because of this， the government began to make laws against touching koala, in the interest of animal protection, as well as public safety.So, if you see one in the wild, you shouldnt
7、approach it to pick it up or even touch it.考拉的大量时间都用于吃、睡和抱着树干，与人类的互动会 给它们带来很大的压力。因此，政府已开始制定法律来限制人触摸考拉，这既是 为了保护动物也是为了公众平安，所以，如果你在野外看到考拉，不要为了抱它 而接近它，甚至不要触摸它。K自主发现31这段文字由三个句子组成，第一句是个并列句，由so连接，它与第二句话在语 义上密切关联。准确理解文中指代词的所指，有助于理解句意。第一句话中的 them指代koalas：第二句话中的也这回指第一句话所描述的情况：第三句话分别 用one和it指代演近，与前两句话相衔接。整段文字简
8、洁、语义连贯。K巩固内化补全句子If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal expertsmakesurethat the koalas_ selected for session 晔 in a good state for human contact and that they are handed for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions.如果想抱抱考拉，你得去那些有执照的动物园。那里的
9、动物专家会确保选出来的 考拉状态良好、适合与人接触，游客爱抚考拉的时长和频率也有限制。Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.行为主义者认为，如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素，这些因素又有利于其 适当反响能力的开展，那么，儿童
10、的智力就会开展到较高的水平。K巩固内化2补全句子For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in seaich of amusement elsewhere.譬如，对于一个四口之家来说，舒舒服服地在家中看电视，就能看到几乎数不清 的娱乐节目，这比到外面别的地方去消遣又廉价又方便。It is probably e
11、asier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic Structures and patterns. of the language have been u nderstood.一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型，再往下学似乎就越来越难了，这其中的原因， 也许教师比学生更容易理解。K巩固内化3D补全句子But now it is realized that supplies of
12、 some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their expectation of life” , the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.可是现在人们意识到，其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的，人们甚至还可以比拟 合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”，也就是说，经过假设干年后，这些 矿物的全部矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。 Insects would
13、make it impossible for us to live in the world ; they would eat all ouj ciops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insecteating animals.假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们，昆虫将吃掉我们所有的庄稼，害死 我们的牛羊家畜，使我们不能生存于世。课堂实践应用 语言内化稳步提能补全句子Even when wg turn off the beside lamp and are fast a
14、sleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时，电仍在为我们工作：帮我们开动电 冰箱，把水加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。2.1ts better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech final
15、ly to ead.（2020全国 卷HI）与其在座位上坐立不安地等着你的演讲结束，不如让你的听众期待更多。1 .1 am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing thisbookisahopeofsharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others.（2020才斤 江卷） 我是一个积极的戏剧爱好者和戏剧读者，也许我编辑这本书的最好原因是希望与 他人提供我对戏剧的热情。2 .Ittherefore becomes more and more
16、 important that ，if students not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课 程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。5 .The number of the young people in the United States who cant read is incredible abou
17、t one in four.大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。6 .And there are questions about the films made outside the States ， which sometimes aie not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates. （2020全国卷HI）还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电 影那样受到严密的监控。7 .People were afraid to leave their houses, for
18、although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency， they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.尽管警察已接到命令，要作好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们不敢出门，因为警察 也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。8 .Modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks， requires revision at short intervals if their authors, wish to keep pace with new ideas , observations and discoveries.对于现代科技书籍，特别是教科书来说，要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概 念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步开展的话，那么就应该每隔较短的时间，将书 中的内容重新修改。