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1、Grammar复习定语从句单元语法 一图贯通习语句复定从习语句复定从I定义：如合句中修饰名词或代词的从句.关系代词的用法：ihal. which, who, whom, whose, asI关系词I关系副词的用法：when, where, why 厂介词+关系代词语法整体突破语境理解合作探究一、定义在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰、说明的名词或 代词叫先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后面。有时出于平衡句子结构的需要, 可能不紧跟在先行词后面，而放在更后面的地方。二、关系代词的用法.wh。指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。Here comes the girl
2、who wants to see you.想见你的那个女孩过来了。1 .whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。Rose is the person (whom/who) you should look after.罗丝是你应该照顾的人。2 .whose 一般指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。whose = the+ /?. +of which/whom=of which/whom+the+.。I know the man whose company produces computers.我认识那个人，他的公司生产电脑。3 .which指事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作
3、宾语时常可省略。China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。4 .that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可 省略。that可以代替who, whom, which,但习惯上常用who, whom指人，用 which指物。The woman that spoke to me in the bookstore used to live next door.在书店里跟我说话的那位妇女以前住在隔壁。5 .as用作关系代词，既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。它常用在the sam
4、e.as, such.3s. 9 QS.3S. 9 so.as.等结构中， as 不能省略, 此时为限制性定语从句。另外，as还可引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作 主语、表语或宾语，解释说明整个句子，一般放在主句之前。I want to have such a computer as he has.我想有一台和他(的电脑)一样的电脑。As wc all know, China has a large population.众所周知，中国人口众多。K名师提醒W定语从句中只用that不用which的情况(1)领先行词是 all, much, anything, everything, noth
5、ing, little, none 等不定代 词时。She told me everything that she knew.她把她知道的一切都告诉了我。(2)领先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰，或先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最 高级修饰时。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。(3)先行词被 the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时。This is the very book that I left on the
6、playground last week.这就是上个星期我落在操场上的那本书。(4)先行词既有人又有物时。He talked happily of the things and persons that he remembered studying in the school.他高兴地谈论着在这所学校上学时所记得的人和事。(5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which is the true story that he told us?他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真的？三、关系副词的用法.when表示时间，引导的从句修饰时间名词，在定语从句中作时间状语。ril never for
7、get the time when we worked on the farm.我将永远不会忘记我们在农场工作的时光。1 .where表示地点，引导的从句修饰地点名词，where在定语从句中作地点状语。The hotel where we stayed was very clean.我们住的那个旅馆很干净。2 .why表示原因，其先行词一般是reason,在定语从句中作原因状语。The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.他迟到的原因是他错过了火车。四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们
8、通常用“介词+关系代词”引导 定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词+ whom” ；如果指“物”，用“介词+ which” ；关系代词有时也用whose（作定语）。选用介词的依据：1 .根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯（即固定短语）。Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.昨天我们参观了西湖,杭州因其而知名。（be famous for ”因而知名”）.根据先行词的搭配习惯（约定俗成，不一定是短语）。This is the camera with which he often takes photos.这就是他
9、经常用来拍照的相机。（wilh camera “用照相机”）The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.金先生所工作的公司的老板听到了这起事故。（inthebosseompany ”在老板的公 司里”）.根据句子的意思来选择。The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。2 .表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一局部”时，通常用介词。上I have about 10 books, hal
10、f of which were written by Mo Yan.我有大约10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。K名师提醒在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如lookafter, look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。K巩固内化2用适当的关系词填空This is the museum which/that was built last year.Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent?The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is close
11、d for the holidays. My brother, whom you met the other day, has gone abroad. As wc know, thousands of people from home and abroad come to visit the Forbidden City every day. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.Sunday is a holiday, when peo
12、ple do not go to work.Tony, who used to come late to school, has become a senior engineer in a firm. Sometimes the earthquake is so violent that it can destroy the whole city, as happened in Tangshan in 1976.My most famous relative of alL the one who really left his mark on America, was Rob, my grea
13、t grandfather.语言内化稳步提能课堂实践应用I .补全句子1 .My father who/that is an engineer, is recognized as a4model worker”.我的爸爸是一名工程师，是公认的劳动模范。2 .Her sister, who leaches us English, will gel married next year.她的姐姐教我们英语，明年就要结婚了。3 .This is the most wonderful novel that I have ever read.这是我曾经看过的最精彩的小说。4 .The movie, Ama
14、zing China, which I watched last night, is very encouraging. 我昨天晚上看的电影厉害了，我的国令人倍受鼓舞。5 .The novel is very interesting, which makes me very glad.这部小说彳艮有意 思，这让我很高兴。H.同义句转换bought an oil painting* whose price was very reasonable.- I bought an oil painting, the price of which/of which the price was very r
15、easonable.2 .You know Mr.Howe is very famous throughout the country.f Mr.Howe, as you know, is very famous throughout the country.3 .The man I am waiting fbr hasnt come yet.-The man for whom 1 am waiting hasnt come yet.4 .My friend bought me a book.The book is very interesting.-*My friend bought me a book, which is very interesting.5 .Just now I met John.He seemed to be very happy.f Jusl now I met John, who seemed lo be very happy.6 .John has a gold watch.He feels very proud of it.一 John has a gold watch of which he feels very proud.