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1、阅读理解精析之段落主旨一、段落主旨题.考察目的:段落主旨1 .题目特征：a） What is this paragragh mainly about?b） What is the main idea of this paragraph?c） The main idea of the paragraph is.2 .破解方法：找段落主题句a）段落首句是主题:如果段落后面的句子都是以代词或the开头，且段落中不再 有转折，那么段落首句就是主题。b）背景之后是主题:如果段落开头是例子、故事、经历、数字等,那么这些信息之 后容易出现主题句。c）段落尾句是主题:如果段落主体都在讲故事/经历/例子/数字/
2、实验过程/引用的 话，只有段落尾句是一个议论性的句子,那么这个段落尾句就是主题（文章第1段 往往是这样）;d）排比句后是主题:如果段落前两句有排比句的嫌疑，那么这些排比句的后面才 会出现段落主题。往往是段落尾句。e） but之后是主题:转折之后比拟重要，无论什么时候，只要出现转折，前面一 律作废！D上一自然段的主题句是主题:如果第N+1段话整体是一个故事/经历/例子/实验 过程/引用的话，那么一切其实都在解释第N段话的主题。我们把这种现象称为“伪 分段现象”。【真题例题】（2020全国1卷D）The connection between people and plants has long b
3、een the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio， for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated wi
4、th houseplants.32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.【真题例题】（2020全国3卷B）The creative team behind “Apes used motion-capture （动作捕捉）technology to create digitalized an
5、imals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actors a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission （传输）.Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.35. Which of the following can be the best titl
6、e for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants?B. How do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?【真题例题】（2020全国2卷D）I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusi
7、astic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a
8、 dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source（来源）of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to l
9、oad up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them wit
10、h the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, Ive found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they
11、cant afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven（避风港）for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版彳亍为）and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage
12、 readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.35. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Reading: A Source of KnowledgeB. My Idea about writingC. Library: A Heaven for the YoungD. My Love of the Library哪儿错X哪儿【真题例题
13、】（2020全国3卷D）We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes （基因）,they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altit
14、udes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation （突变）that helps them digest milk as adults.On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling peo
15、ple in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, theyve also built houses on stilts （支柱）in coastal waters. They ar
16、e simply a stranger to the land J said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish, We were so amazed that they cou
17、ld stay underwater much longer than us local islanders/9 Dr. Jubilado said. I could see them actually walking under the sea.In201, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evo
18、lution of physical characteristics that made the task easier fbr them, “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population J said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. 35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A.
19、 Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B. Highlanders9 Survival SkillsC. Basic Methods of Genetic Research D. The Worlds Best Divers【真题例题】（2020天津卷）Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you*re studying history, asking yourself the question why is history important is
20、 a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history.History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the hi
21、story of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse （一瞥）into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your cultur
22、e can provide.History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the inf
23、ormation about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life.History makes us more empathetic （具有共情能力的），Studying history can give us insight （洞察力）into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather
24、strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance （无 知）.Were scared of the things that we dont understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.His
25、tory can inspire us to learn more, whats fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. Its almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the 19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens
26、* Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely anybody.The value of his
27、tory cannot be underestimated. We don*t have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives.5.What could be the best title for the passage?A. How to Build Cultural IdentityWhy Studying History MattersB. Know the Pas
28、t, Know the PresentHistory: a Way to Broaden Horizons【真题例题】（2020天津卷6月D）After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lack
29、ed either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.Together, these deep human urges （马区策力）count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the grou
30、nd. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, Why? Why? Why?”Fortunately, curiosity and discontent dont have to be learned. We are bom with them and need only recapture them.“The great man,“ said Mencius （孟子），“is he who does not lose his childs heart. Yet mos
31、t of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitatio
32、n. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who cou
33、ldnt arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven51 any special ability? Most people dont; there are only a few geniuses. You havent any t
34、ime? Thats good, because its always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Toms Cabin while cooking. Youre too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when sh
35、e was 78.However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for youll never be more alive than you are at this moment.10.What could be the best tile or the passage?A. Curious Minds Never Feel ContentedReflections on Human NatureB. The Keys to AchievementNever Too Late to Le
36、arn【真题例题】（2020年7月，浙江卷）Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1
37、,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers5 memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.Those who had held mentally stimulating（刺激）
38、,demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive（认矢口） function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants9 overall health status.“ Thi
39、s works just like physical exercise J says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you9re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy.”Its not just corporate jobs, or ev
40、en paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiters job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating（协调），” she say
41、s. You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasonsincluding other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind b
42、usy can only help.10. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New SkillsOld People Should Take Challenging JobsB. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You SharpCognitive Function May Decline As You Age【真题例题】（2020年，江苏卷）I was in the middle of the Amazon （亚马逊）with
43、 my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.We were raised on books and computers, high
44、ways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not goo
45、d at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your h
46、ome, do you have a moon too?” I was surprised.After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe （敬畏）at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juans world, the unknown and un
47、discovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juans village. There are no more
48、 continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.Yet, as I thought about Juans question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that muc
49、h in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant （无矢口的）are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider., and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless spec