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1、题型一阅读理解（细节理解题）督【专题导航】目录一、考情解读1二、命题分析预测1三、聚焦核心素养四、题型突破五、真题探究3六、考法解题能力提升8七、精选考点题型专练12一、考情解读1.阅读理解旨在考查考生理解不同题材和体裁的书面材料以及从中获取信息的能力。2要求考生能读懂有关日常生活的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报纸、杂志 中关于一般性话题的简短文段。3 .考生应能:理解主旨要义;理解文中具体信息;根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;做出判断 和推理;理解文章的基本结构;理解作者的意图、观点和态度。二、命题分析预测1 .阅读理解的文章在语篇类型方面，说明文占比最大，记叙文和应用文也较常
2、考查;题材以个人 经历、人物故事、介绍说明、社会文化、新闻报道、广告信息等为主，内容贴近生活、紧跟 时代。2 .在题型方面，尽管对细节理解题的考查仍然占比较高，但是对于深层信息的获取、识别及再 现相关信息能力的考查有所增加，对于阅读理解中词汇、短语和句子含义的推断以及基于文 意的推理判断等的考查逐渐增加。共【典例剖析】 Support Pacific Science CenterSince 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion（热情）for discovery and lifelong learning in sci
3、ence, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individua
4、ls, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.22.What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?A. Train science teachers.B. Distribute science books.C. Inspire scientific research.D. Take science to the
5、classroom.【解析】题干中的关键词schools”在文中并未出现，但”brings inquiry-based scienceeducation to classrooms中的classrooms”与schools相互关联。将其与选项比对可知，本题应选 Do命题角度2数字计算类细节题命题透视此类题要求考生对具体细节信息,尤其是年龄、时间、数量等数字信息进行加工，但此类试题的重点不在于计算，而在于考查考生对具体信息的处理能力，故试题设置的计 算一般比较简单。查读分析法方法点拨查读分析法第一步:明确题目要求，带着题干信息在文中找到相关细节第二步:对相关数字信息进行分析，理清逻辑关系 第三步
6、:进行简单计算，得出答案共【典例剖析】At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only aro
7、und200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number（中位数）of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 30.How man
8、y languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A. About 6,800.B. About 3,400.C. About 2,400.D. About 1,200.【解析】 题目问的是现在有多少种语言的使用人数少于6 000,根据题干中的数字”6, 000” 可快速定位到选段最后一句The median number （中位数）of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer peopl
9、e than that1,目前全球不同语言 使用人数的中位数仅是6 000,这就意味着世界上有一半语言的使用人数不到6 000,再结合选 段第一句At present, the world has about 6,800 languages”可知，该题的答案为大约 3 400（6 800:2）种，故选Bo命题角度3信息综合类细节题命题透视为了增加细节理解题的难度，命题人有时候也会从考查考生信息综合能力的角定位甄别法定位甄别法度来命题,虽然各细节信息在文章中都能找到，但需要考生进行综合分析之后，才能得出答案。 方法点拨定位甄别法笫二步:综合分析原文相关细节，结合选项概括总结第一步:仔细阅读题干，
10、抓取关键词语，定位文中的相关细节信息第三步:准确理解各选项含义，仔细对比、分析、甄别，确定答案弃【典例剖析】A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸微器）is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, its an excellent water collector. Unfortunate
11、ly, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since its all butimpossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5x5 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container - perhaps just a drinking cup to catch the water. These pi
12、eces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.32.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A. Its delicate.B. Its expensive.C. Its complex.D. Its portable.【解析】根据题干中的“ the first paragraph”可知解题信息在第一段，从该段的最后一句These pieces can be folded into a neat l
13、ittle pack and fastened on your belt”可获取解决本题的 关键信息，这种太阳能蒸储器能折叠，便于携带。delicate易碎的,expensive昂贵的,complex复 杂的,portable便携式的。故选D。七、精选考点题型专练Passage 1语篇类型主题 词数难度 建议时间应用文历史遗迹之旅2704分钟Magical History TourJoin us for our fifth annual exploration of fascinating historic sites around Greater Portland that youve ne
14、ver seen or maybe didnt even know! The Magical History Tour is your key to unlocking fascinating historical places that are not usually open to the public. It is a self-guided adventure which is guaranteed to amaze and amuse both adults and children. Equipped with a map,and at your own pace, you wil
15、l be greeted by guides at each location ready to share the history of the tour stop.In the 5th year of the Magical History Tour,we will be presenting an exciting mix of both new sites and favorites from the past four years.The Magical History Tour check-in begins at 9:45 am at Maine Historical Socie
16、tys Brown Library. At this time,you will find out where the tour will take you as you receive your map and ticket into each site.Follow us on Twitter and Instagram for updates,chances to win tickets and some other exciting opportunities; and feel free to share your tour experiences to our social med
17、ia pages using MHStourlTime: 10:00 am 一 4:00 pm,Saturday,May 9,2020Location:485 Congress StreetTickets: Get your tickets online,by calling us at (207)774-1822,or by visiting our Museum Store at 489 Congress Street $25/Adult MHS Member;$35/Adult General Admission;$5/Junior under age 18.Volunteering:
18、We need volunteers for the Magical History Tour! Volunteers help for half the day of the tour and are given a free ticket to the tour to enjoy either before or after their volunteer shift!For more information,email us at or call us at (207)774-1822.1 .Whats the purpose of the Magical History Tour?A.
19、 To explore unfamiliar historic sites.B. To visit some world-famous attractions.C. To provide children with history classes.D. To make some private places known to the public.2 .How much should a couple(one is MHS Member) and a kid pay?A.$55. B.$65. C.$75. D. $105.3 .What can we learn from the text?
20、A. You can buy a ticket by email.B. Tourists will only be guided by a map.C. Only new sites are available for the tour.D. Volunteers can take part in the tour for free.【解析】该文介绍了第五次年度探索Greater Portland周围历史遗迹的旅游项乱包括时间、 地点、票价和志愿者服务等信息。1.A 考查细节理解。根据题干中的关键词the purpose定位到原文第一段的第一、二句Join us for our fifth a
21、nnual exploration.to the public”,由此可知，该旅行的目的在于探索不熟悉的历 史遗迹，故A项正确。2.B 考查细节理解。根据题干中的关键词pay定位到原文Tickets中的”$25/Adult MHS Member;$35/Adult General Admission;$5/Junior under age 18”,由止匕可知，一对夫妻（其中一位是 MHS会员）加一个孩子，所需票价是25+35+5=65美元，故B项正确。3.D 考查细节理解。根据 Volunteering 部分中的Volunteers help for half the day of the t
22、our and are given a free ticket to the tour to enjoy either before or after their volunteer shift!”可知,志愿者 可免费参加此次旅行，故D项正确。Passage 2语篇类型主题 词数难度建议时间应用文 创新设计比赛 2524分钟Innovative Designs for AccessibilityDeadline: 2021-04-30Award: $7,500Open to: University studentsThe Innovative Designs for Accessibility
23、 student competition challenges students across Canada to use their creativity to develop innovative, cost-effective and practical solutions to accessibility barriers for people with disabilities.(Read more)Clean Tech CompetitionDeadline: 2021-04-13Award: $28,000Open to: Students(13-15 years old)The
24、 Clean Tech Competition is a unique, worldwide research and design challenge for pre-college youth. The competition is designed to build a deeper understanding of STEM(science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) 一 related concepts, recognize outstanding talent, and prepare the next generation
25、 of globally competitive innovators.(Read more)Agile Robotics CompetitionDeadline: 2021-04-10Award: $17,500Open to: AdultsThe Agile Robotics Competition is a simulation-based（基于仿真的）competition designed to promote agility（灵?舌）in industrial robot systems by employing the latest advances in artificial
26、intelligence and robot planning. The competition will be held virtually（虚拟地）,so there is no need to travel to compete. The competition will use the Gazebo simulation tool.（Read more） Wearable Robotics Innovation Challenge Deadline: 2021-04-24Award: $5,000Open to: EveryoneThe Wearable Robotics Associ
27、ation is inviting entries that represent the most innovative new ideas in wearable robotic technology. The review committee will select as many as ten finalists. The one considered to be the most innovative will be announced at the conference and will receive $5,000 to accelerate the new technology.
28、1 .Which competition favors competitors with a creative mind in helping the disabled?A. Clean Tech Competition.B. Innovative Designs fbr Accessibility.C. Agile Robotics Competition.D. Wearable Robotics Innovation Challenge.2 .What,s the aim of Clean Tech Competition?A. To make research about STEM.B.
29、 To encourage university students to be innovators.C. To help students prepare for the university.D. To find talented teenagers and develop their ability to innovate.3 .What can we know about the four competitions?A. They are open to everyone.B. Every competitor can get an award.C. They are held in
30、April.D. They are held virtually.【解析】该文章是一篇在网站上发布的四则创新设计类比赛的相关信息。1.B考查细节理解。根据第一部分的主体内容可知，该比赛要求选手利用他们的创造力为残 疾人的无障碍环境做出创新、经济、实用的解决方案，故选B。2 .D 考查细节理解。根据Clean Tech Competition部分第二句可知，该竞赛旨在加深对 STEM相关概念的理解,发现优秀人才，培养下一代具有全球竞争力的创新者，故D选项”找到 有天赋的青少年，并培养他们的创新能力”正确。3 .C 考查细节理解。根据每一部分的Deadline的内容可知,C项正确。Passage
31、3语篇类型 主题 j词数 难度 建议时间说明文 孔子学院 3066分钟A group of Northern Ireland schoolchildren warmed the hearts of Chinese guests on a cold December day when they performed Chinese songs. The children had rehearsed（排练）for six weeks,with the help of Mandarin teachers from the University of Ulsters Confucius Institut
32、e.The performance on Friday, inside Belfast elegant and historic Parliament Buildings, preceded （先于）a welcome dinner ahead of the third UK-China Regional Leaders Meeting on Saturday that was attended by more than 100 leaders from China. As trade relations between China and Northern Ireland grow, Man
33、darin has become more popular in the province. Fridays performance was given by children from Millburn Primary School and Grosvenor Grammar School, which both offer Mandarin lessons, thanks to the local Confucius Institute that was established in 2012. From its start, which saw two Mandarin teachers
34、 support 169 students, the University of Ulsters Confucius Institute had grown to comprise 51 teachers and 19,000 registered students by December?2017. A quarter of the institutes 161 partner primary and secondary schools have made Mandarin learning compulsory for certain age groups. And students al
35、so gain exposure to Chinese culture, including calligraphy, Chinese characters and music.Our Confucius Institute was established partly in response to existing demand from schools/ said Liu Yan, director of the University of Ulster9s Confucius Institute. While preparing to open the institute, her te
36、am sent out a survey to 1,241 primary and secondary schools in Northern Ireland. Around 500 responded by saying they would like to offer Mandarin lessons.The Chinese government launched the Confucius Institute concept in 2004 as a way of promoting the Chinese language and culture abroad. Confucius I
37、nstitutes are non-profit organizations and are affiliated（附属于）with Western academic institutions, including secondary schools and universities. By the time of December,2018, 548 Confucius Institutes had been established in 154 countries and regions.l.What is the local peoples attitude to the perform
38、ance?A. Serious.B.Uninterested.C. Curious.D. Cautious.2 .Mandarin is compulsory in about .A. 40 schoolsB. 100 schoolsC. 160 schoolsD. 169 schools3 .Why is Confucius Institute set up in Northern Ireland?A. To compete with local schools.B. To meet local schools demands.C. To trade with local people.D.
39、 To realize existing purposes.4 .What was the purpose of launching the Confucius Institute concept in 2004?A. To earn more money.B. To know more people.C. To spread Chinese culture.D. To teach more students.【解析】北爱尔兰地区的孔子学院成立的部分原因是满足学校现有的需求。自2012年创办 以来，它的规模不断扩大，其合作的部分中小学将普通话列为特定年龄段的学生的必修课程。 孔子学院在多个国家
40、和地区均有分布，中国文化借助孔子学院在全球得到进一步的传播。1 .A考查推断判断。根据题干中的关键词the performance”定位到第一段和第二段的第一句, 由此可知,孩子们为了这次演出在阿尔斯特大学孔子学院中文老师的帮助下排练了六周，且此 次演出在北爱尔兰首府贝尔法斯特的议会大厦进行，由此可推知当地人对这次演出的态度是 认真的，故A项正确。2 .A 考查细节理解。根据题干中的“ compulsory”定位到第二段中的“ A quarter of the institutes 161 partner primary and secondary schools have made Mand
41、arin learning compulsory for certain age groups”,由此可知在该孔子学院的161所合作中小学中，有四分之一的学校将普通话列为 特定年龄段学生的必修课。故A项正确。3 .B 考查细节理解。根据题干中的set up”定位到第三段中的Our Confucius Institute was established partly in response to existing demand from schools可知，建立孔子学院的部分原因 是满足学校现有的需求，故B项正确。4.C 考查细节理解。根据题干中的purpose”定位到第四段中的“The Chi
42、nese government launched the Confucius Institute concept in 2004 as a way of promoting the Chinese language and culture abroad”可知，中国政府于2004年提出了孔子学院的概念,是为了在国外推广汉语和中 国文化，故C项正确。Passage 4Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jo
43、bs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain
44、parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件） for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities（社区）.Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $
45、3 000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible
46、: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies a
47、nd community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.1. What is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training before employment.B. It provides awards for running new businesses.C. It allows
48、one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.2. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A. 15-18. B. 15-24. C. 15-29. D. 16-17.3. Which program favors the disabled?A. Jobs for Youth. B. Summer Company.C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D. Summer Employment Opportunities.Passage 1本文介绍了学生在暑期可以兼职的四个项目。1.B 细节理解题。根据 Summer Company 中的Summer Company provides students with hands|on business training and awards of up to $ 3,000 to start and run their own summer businesse