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1、- 1 - Section Grammar & Writing 动词ing 形式的完成式作状语&动词ing 与动词不定式作宾语 阅读下列句子，体会黑体部分的用法 1Having lost all my friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school. 2Having left something in the cloakroom, I went inside to get it. 3This weekend, having thought about the situation for a while, I decided to ask Roy
2、about the theft. 4The girls stopped talking when the teacher came into the room. 5Walking along the road, the girls stopped to look in a shop window. 6Do you remember going to school for the first time? 7Remember to give me a ring when you get home. 一、动词ing 形式的完成式作状语 动词ing 形式的完成式由“having过去分词形式”构成。它表
3、示的动作发生在句中谓语动词之前。常在句中作时间、原因、让步状语等。 动词ing 形式的完成式的否定式为“nothaving过去分词形式” ，其被动式为 having been done。 Not having received a reply，she decided to write another email. 没有收到回复，她决定再写一封电子邮件。 Having been informed of the decision，I decided to make preparations. 被告知这个决定后，我决定做些准备。 Having worked in the countryside fo
4、r three years ， he learned how to grow vegetables. 在乡下工作了三年之后，他学会了如何种菜。 名师点津名师点津 - 2 - 动词ing 形式的一般式和完成式作状语的用法区别 (1)动词ing 形式的一般式，作状语时与主句主语为主动关系，所表示的动作与主句谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，常表示时间、条件、原因或结果等。 (2)动词ing 形式的完成式，作状语时与主句主语为主动关系，所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，常表示时间或原因。 Seeing those pictures，he couldnt help thinking of those da
5、ys in Yanan. 当他看到那些图片时，就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。(动词ing 形式的一般式作状语表示时间) Working hard，you will pass the entrance exam. 如果你努力学习，你就会通过入学考试。 (动词ing 形式的一般式作状语表示条件) The road is under construction，causing the delay. 道路正在建设中，因此造成了延误。(动词ing 形式的一般式作状语表示结果) Having got our tickets， we drove to the airport to board the pla
6、ne.买到机票之后，我们就开车到机场登机。(动词ing 形式的完成式作状语，表示时间) 二、动词ing 形式与动词不定式作宾语 1只接动词ing 形式作宾语的常见动词(短语)有： 承认(admit)冒险(risk)别继续(keep/keep on) 错过(miss)理解(understand)和感激(appreciate) 推迟(delay)享受(enjoy)不考虑(consider) 完成(finish)想象(imagine)又建议(suggest/advise/recommend) 避免(avoid/escape)介意(mind)想(feel like)延期(put off) 允许(all
7、ow/permit)抵制(resist/stand)或放弃(give up) 着手(set about，get down to)练习(practise)要坚持(insist on) Even if I risk losing everything，I wont give up trying. 即使冒着失去一切的危险，我也不会放弃尝试。 I would very much appreciate receiving a copy of the book. 如蒙赐赠该书，不胜感激。 2只接不定式作宾语的常见动词(短语)有： 四个希望(hope，wish，expect，long)三答应(agree，p
8、romise，undertake) - 3 - 五个想要(want，desire，plan，would like，would love)巧安排(arrange) 设法(manage)学会(learn)做决定(decide，determine) 犹豫(hesitate)倾向(tend)别声称(claim) 企图(attempt，seek)假装(pretend)要选择(choose) 提出(offer)要求(ask，demand)别拒绝(refuse，decline) 威胁(threaten)准备(prepare)不失败(fail) He is supposed to have offered h
9、elp to the old person. 他本应给那位老人提供帮助。 I only just managed to finish on time. 我刚好设法按时完成。 名师点津名师点津 能接“疑问词不定式”作宾语的动词有：show，understand，tell，explain，teach，learn，know，ask，decide，wonder，find out 等。 He didnt know how to deal with the accident. 他不知道怎样处理这场事故。 3既可以接动词ing 形式又可以接不定式，含义差别不大的常见谓语动词有 ：start，begin，lo
10、ve，like，prefer，hate，intend，continue 等。 Dickens began to work/working at a factory when he was very young. 狄更斯很小的时候就开始在一家工厂工作。 Many people prefer living/to live in the country. 很多人偏爱住在乡下。 名师点津名师点津 love，like，hate 后接动词ing 形式通常表示习惯性、一般性的情况，后接不定式表示具体的、一次性的情况。 4既可以接动词ing 形式又可以接不定式，含义不同的常见谓语动词有： remember t
11、o do sth.记得去做某事remember doing sth.记得做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生） go on to do sth.做完一件事接着去做（另一件事）go on doing sth.（中间停顿后）继续做（同一件事） - 4 - stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停下正在做的事 regret to do sth.抱歉、遗憾地做某事regret doing sth.后悔做了某事 mean to do sth.意欲、打算做某事mean d
12、oing sth.意味着做某事 try to do sth.设法、企图、尽量做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事 cant help doing sth.禁不住做某事cant help（to）do sth.不能帮助干某事 They couldnt help jumping up at the news. 听到这个消息他们不禁跳了起来。 Sorry，I cant help (to) clean the room for you.I must go at once. 对不起，我不能帮你打扫房间了，我必须马上走。 I regret to tell you that all the ticke
13、ts have been sold out. 我遗憾地告诉你，所有的票都卖光了。 Mary regretted telling lies to her mother. 玛丽后悔向母亲撒了谎。 名师点津名师点津 有些含有“需要” 意义的动词，如：want，need，require 等，其后通常接动词ing 形式的主动形式表示被动含义或接不定式的被动形式。 This kind of plant needs watering/to be watered twice a week. 这种花一星期需要浇水两次。 .单句语法填空 1 (read)the chapter four times，I final
14、ly understood the authors theory. 2 (warn)of danger in the street at night，she had to go home，with a friend following her. 3He had to admit (steal)the money. 4I dont mind his (come)back late if he doesnt wake me up. 5Whoops！I didnt mean (step)on your toe. 【答案】1.Having read2.Having been ing5.to - 5 -
15、 step .单句改错 【导学号：38300022】 1He got to the office in time，caught the first bus. 2Mary，come here.You are wanted in the phone. 3My new job means look after children. 4I want buy a novel written by Mark. 5We are sure to confront with many difficulties when solving the problem. 【答案】1.在 caught 前加 having2.
16、inon 3looklooking4.want 后加 to5.去掉 with 如何写与人际交往相关的文章 关于人际关系和如何交友的文章一般有记叙和议论两种体裁。 每种体裁都有不同的写作特点： 记叙文：什么时间、什么地点、如何结识朋友的；你对朋友的第一印象；你朋友的性格；你与朋友之间的交往，有什么共同的爱好等等。语言生动、真实、贴切为准则。 议论文：对于如何处理人际关系和友谊，表述观点，可从正反两个方面阐述，最后要表达自己的想法。如果为了让读者对你的观点更加信服，可适当列举一些典型的事例，这也是夹叙夹议文的特色。 亮点句式 .引出话题 1Recently I found it hard to b
17、e on good terms with some students. 最近，我发觉和一些学生友好相处很难。 - 6 - 2 A good interpersonal relationship， as we all know， plays an important part in building a harmonious society. 众所周知，良好的人际关系在构建和谐社会方面起着重要的作用。 .阐述友谊、朋友、交友的意义以及重要性 1He is rich enough who has true friends. 有真朋友的人是富翁。 2Friendship is love withou
18、t his wings. 友谊是没有羽翼的爱。 3A friend is never known till a man has need. 不到患难时，永远不能认识真正的朋友。 4Friendship is like winethe older the better. 友谊就像酒，越陈越香。 5A faithful friend is the medicine of life. 忠实的朋友是人生的良药。 6 Our friends offer us advice with regard to how to deal with various situations. 我们的朋友主动给我们以忠告，
19、告诉我们如何应付各种不同的局势。 .作者的观点和建议 1 If you cherish a persons friendship， make time for him or her， whether its just the occasional phone call，email or a weekly gettogether. 如果你珍惜一个人的友情，就为他或她留出时间。不管是偶尔打个电话，或是发一封邮件，又或是周末聚会。 2Be slow in choosing a friend；slower in changing. 择友宜慎，弃之更宜慎。 3We should show concern
20、 for them，even if it is only a comforting word. 我们应关心他们，哪怕只是一句安慰的话。 【写作任务】 【导学号：38300023】 人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。 - 7 - 赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法 1.广交朋友 2.可自由表达思想 3.利于外语学习 1.浪费时间 2.影响学习 3.可能上当受骗 ？ 注意： 1文章必须包括表中的全部内容； 2词数 100 左右； 3参考词汇：网络朋友 online friend(s)；上当受骗 to be cheated 审
21、题谋篇 体裁 议论文 话题 网上交友 时态 一般现在时 人称 第一和第三人称 遣词造句 .词汇 1make friends on line 网上交友 2express feelings and opinions freely 自由表达观点和感受 3make full use of 充分利用 4a waste of time 浪费时间 5get cheated on line 网上受骗 6place.before other things 把置于首位 .句式 1友谊比世界上任何东西都更重要、更珍贵。 Friendship is more important and precious than a
22、nything in the world. 2网络可以帮助我们交友。 The Internet can help us make friends. 3我们应该充分利用时间好好学习。 We ought to make full use of time to study. 4许多人没有意识到网络交友的危险。 Many people havent realized the danger of making friends on line. - 8 - 妙笔成篇 【参考范文】 Should students make friends on line？Some people say yes.The In
23、ternet helps make many friends.Chatting on line，students can more freely express their feelings and opinions，and even get help with their foreign language studies. Others，however，think students should not.They say making friends on line is a waste of time，which should be spent more meaningfully on s
24、tudy.Besides，some students get cheated on line. It is my opinion that students should place their study，health and safety before other things.As for friendship，we can readily find it among our classmates and other people around us. 学业分层测评学业分层测评(九九) .完成句子 1I felt nervous， (不知道) what to say. 2Though (
25、在国外生活了许多年)，many Chinese still observe the traditional customs. 3 (由于没有尽最大的努力)，he failed in the exam. 4I reminded you (不要忘记) that appointment. 5The car needs (修理) 【答案】1.not knowing2.having lived abroad for years3.Not having tried his best4.not to forget 5repairing/to be repaired .阅读理解 - 9 - A Having
26、good etiquette(礼节)at the workplace is very important to be a favorite in an office.However，its observed that many people arent aware of the workplace etiquette and this creates a very bad impression in the office.So its important to know some workplace etiquette tips. Among all the workplace etiquet
27、te guidelines，the most important is to be punctual to your office.Though going late due to an emergency is okay，habitual latecomers are never appreciated in any organization.By arriving at your office on time，you show that youre aware of your responsibilities and have respect for the organization.In
28、 case you feel that you would be late，call the concerned authority and report the matter to him or her. Also，a proper knowledge of the workplace email etiquette is a must.In the official emails， you need to mention the subject concisely， while at the same time include all the important details which
29、 are to be shared.You should use good and grammatically correct language while writing emails. A knowledge of telephone etiquette in the workplace is very important as well.While talking on the telephone ， be polite and listen to what theyre saying carefully.Only then should you say what you feel.Sp
30、eak in a voice which would be heard clearly at the other end. The workplace guidelines are important even while youre dining or celebrating with your coworkers.If you get a call in between，receive it after youre permitted by the others by saying“Excuse me” Dont talk loudly while eating.Greet people
31、well and try to make them feel comfortable while being in your company. These guidelines will help you become the best employee of a company.All the best! 1Why should you try to be punctual? ATo prove you are not a habitual latecomer. BTo respect the rules of the organization. CTo show that you are
32、a responsible worker. DTo win other workers respect. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，准时上班一是表明你意识- 10 - 到了你的责任，二是表明你对这个团体的尊重，因此应选择 C。 【答案】C 2How should you write an official email? AWrite the subject clearly and simply. BInclude all the details in the email. CMake the language as beautiful as possible. DMake th
33、e email as brief as possible. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，电子邮件应主题简洁并包含所有重要的细节。因此选择 A。 【答案】A 3 Which of the following is considered NOT acceptable about making phone calls in the workplace? AUsing polite language. BListening with patience and care. CSpeaking clearly. DAnswering a call whenever it comes in. 【
34、解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，无论什么时候来电话都接是不被接受的行为。 【答案】D 4In the writers opinion，workplace etiquette Ais easy to master Bis considered important by all employees Ccan be helpful in doing your work well Dwill bring you good luck and good salaries 【解析】推理判断题。综合全文尤其是第一段和最后一段内容可知，工作中的礼节有助于做好工作。 【答案】C B (2015全国卷)
35、Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep - 11 - them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan. Open t
36、he curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less selfconscious(难为情)when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesnt have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightn
37、ess. Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing， while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when its time to
38、repaint，go blue. Dont forget the clockor the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while youre at it，actually sit down to eat.If you
39、need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal. Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one
40、，total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent.And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。当你在家里吃饭的时候，有没有担心自己吃得越来越多，正在变胖？快来看看吧，家里的环境，包括窗户和灯的亮度、墙壁的颜色以及吃饭的速度等都可以影响你的饮食。也许你肥胖的罪魁祸首就在你的家里！ 5The text is especially helpful for those who care about Athei
41、r home comforts Btheir body shape Chouse buying Dhealthy diets 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章首句 Your house may have an effect on your figure.(你的房子可能会影响你的身材。)以及下面几个段落中提到的建议可知，本- 12 - 文是关于如何不变胖的，所以那些“关心自己体形的人”会觉得本文特别有帮助，故选 B 项。A 项“家的舒适条件” ；C 项“购买房子” ；D 项“健康饮食” 。 【答案】B 6A home environment in blue can help people Adige
42、st food better Breduce food intake Cburn more calories Dregain their appetites 【解析】细节理解题。 根据文章第三段中的.people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.可知， 人们在蓝色的房间里吃饭，要比在黄色或者红色的房间里少吃 33%的食物，故 B 项“减少食物摄入量” 正确。A 项“更好地消化食物” ，C 项“消耗更多的卡路里” ，D 项“重新获得食欲” ，都与颜色无
43、关。 【答案】B 7What are people advised to do at mealtimes? AEat quickly. BPlay fast music. CUse smaller spoons. DTurn down the lights. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的 People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.可知吃饭越快获得的热量越多，排除 A 项“吃饭速度快” 。根据第四段中的
44、If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.可知播放令人放松的音乐能让吃饭的速度减慢，排除 B 项“播放节奏快的音乐” 。根据第二段首句 Open the curtains and turn up the lights.可排除 D 项“把灯光调暗” 。根据最后一段中的 When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent.(选择大的汤匙要比用较小的汤匙多吃 14%的食物。)可知，应使用较小的汤匙，故 C项正确。
45、 【答案】C 8What can be a suitable title for the text? - 13 - AIs Your House Making You Fat? BWays of Serving Dinner CEffects of SelfConsciousness DIs Your Home Environment Relaxing? 【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了墙壁的颜色、房间的亮度、吃饭的速度以及吃饭时使用的器皿大小等都与一个人的身材有关。因此 A 项“你的房子正让你发胖吗？”最适合做文章标题。B 项“提供正餐的方式” ，C 项“自我意识的作用” ，D 项“你家的
46、环境令人放松吗？” ，均与本文的主题不符。 【答案】A .语法填空 Near Chinas northern borders 1. (live) a man who was well versed(精通) in the practices of Taoism (道教)His horse, 2. no reason at all, got into the territory of the northern tribes.Everyone felt sorry for 3. “Perhaps this will soon turn out to be a blessing， ” said his
47、 father. After a few months, his animal came back，4. (lead) fine horse from the north.Everyone congratulated him.“Perhaps this will soon turn out to be a cause of 5. (fortune)， ” said his father. Since he was welloff and kept good horses, his son became fond of riding and 6. (eventual)broke his thig
48、h bone falling from a horse.Everyone commiserated with him. “7. am I sad? Perhaps this will soon turn out to be a blessing， ” said his father. One year later，the northern tribes started 8. big invasion of the border regions.All ablebodied young men took up arms and 9. (fight)against the invaders，and
49、 as a result，around the border nine out of ten men died.10. ，this mans son did not join in the fighting because he was crippled and so both the boy and his father survived. 【答案】1.lived2.for3.him/it4.leading 5misfortune6.eventually7.Why8.a 9fought10.However .短文改错 The day before yesterday， I went to t
50、he bookstore where is near our school to buy a - 14 - reference book.It was Saturday，so there was many people.Under the help of the shop assistants，I quickly got the book I needed.I was about to leave while I found someone trying to steal a mans money.Although I was nervous，I tried to think of a way