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1、-1-Section Grammar&Writing 情态动词的用法 阅读下列句子，体会黑体部分的用法 1In some countries，for example，you have to arrive on time at a party；in other countries，you dont need to.2Some hosts expect flowers or a small gift，but in other places，you can take things，but you neednt if you dont want to.3Did the immigration peop
2、le ask to see your visa?No.I didnt need to get a visa.4 My American friend Tom spoke good Chinese，so I didnt need to translate the speech for him.5I was the first to go there.I neednt have gone there so early.6I offered to help him with the housework and then he told me he had finished.I neednt have
3、 done that.一、need 的基本用法 1用作实义动词，后可接名词、代词、不定式和动名词，有时态、人称和数的变化。Mark needs to learn Chinese since his company is opening a branch in Beijing.马克需要学习汉语，因为他的公司要在北京开一个分公司。The doctor said he needed an operation.医生说他需要手术。名师点津名师点津 当主语是表示“物”的名词时，则作实义动词的 need 后接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，这时，need doingneed to be done。-2-A d
4、og needs taking out/to be taken out for a walk every day.狗得每天带出去遛。2用作情态动词，后接动词原形，常用于否定句和疑问句中。You neednt finish that work today.你今天不必把那项工作做完。Need he come here?他有必要来吗？3由 need 引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用 must 或 have to；否定答语常用neednt。Need I answer the question?我需要回答那个问题吗？Yes，you must./Yes，you have to./No，you neednt.
5、是的，你必须回答。/是的，你得回答。/不，不必了。二、didnt need to do 和 neednt have done didnt need to do 表示过去没必要做某事，实际上也没做。neednt have done 表示过去没必要做某事，而实际上做了，常译成“本没有必要做”。Marys boyfriend drove to pick her up，so she didnt need to take a taxi.玛丽的男朋友开车去接她，因此她没必要打出租车了。(不需要打出租车，事实上也没打出租车)It was Sunday，so I didnt need to get up ea
6、rly.因为是星期天，所以我没必要早起。(不需要早起，事实上也没早起)We neednt have taken a taxi to get to the museum.It was only five minutes walk.我们本没有必要乘出租车到博物馆的，走五分钟就到了。(本没有必要乘出租车，但乘坐了)The manager neednt have cleaned the room because it was just cleaned by his assistant.经理本没有必要打扫房间，因为他的助手刚刚打扫过了。(本没有必要打扫，但打扫了)名师点津名师点津(1)在 didnt n
7、eed to do 中，need 是实义动词；在 neednt have done 中，need 是情态动词。-3-(2)need 作实义动词时，常接名词、代词和动词不定式作宾语。当 need 的主语和 need 后面的动词是被动关系时，need 后面接 to be done/doing。(3)need 作情态动词时，用于否定句和疑问句，后面接动词原形。(4)回答 Need I.？肯定回答用：Yes，you must；否定回答用：No，you neednt/dont need to/dont have to。三、情态动词have done 的几种形式及其意义 1.表示对过去的猜测must ha
8、ve done肯定做过may/might have done或许做过cant/couldnt have done不可能做过 2.表示抱怨、埋怨、后悔could have done本来能做但没有做might have done本来可以做但没有做should have done本来应该做但没有做 It must have rained last night，for the ground is still wet.昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。(对过去的肯定推测)I cant find my purse now.I might have left it in the taxi.我的钱包现在找不到
9、了。我可能把它忘在出租车里了。(对过去的推测，也许/或许做了某事)You couldnt have known about him ten years ago，when he was still unknown.十年前你不可能了解他，那时他还不出名。(对过去的推测，不可能做过某事)You could have used my car yesterday.I didnt use it.你昨天本可以用我的汽车。那时我用不着它。(过去本来能做某事，但没有做)Oh，Mom！You neednt have prepared so much food.Dad and Diana will not come
10、 back for supper.哦，妈妈！你本不必做这么多饭。爸爸和黛安娜不回来吃晚饭了。(过去不必做，但实际上做了).单句语法填空 【导学号：38300005】1It is obvious that the garden needs (water)2We dont need (get)into an argument over this.3You neednt (tell)him the news.He had already known it.-4-4The boy cant (finish)reading the book so soon because it is difficult
11、 even for an adult.5You might (refuse)her at the beginning，but now it is too late.【答案】1.watering/to be watered2.to get 3have told4.have finished5.have refused.单句改错 1We need buy tickets in advance.2The floor needs clean right now.3You neednt worked that late last night，which was harmful to your healt
12、h.4It mustnt have rained last night，for the ground is dry now.5You neednt to go to the bank this morning.【答案】1.need 后加 to2.cleancleaning 3neednt 后加 have4.mustntcant/couldnt 5去掉第一个 to 如何写提供建议的电子邮件 1概念：提供建议的电子邮件和书信一样，有称谓、正文和结尾署名。发件人在邮件中要向收件人提出建议和忠告。2分类：(1)写给个人，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的建议和看法。(2)写给某个组织机构，就改进其服务提出建
13、议和忠告。3内容安排：-5-(1)写出发邮件的原因和背景。(2)建议的内容及提出建议的理由。(3)对收件人的祝福和祝愿。4语言特征：(1)建议要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。(2)提出的理由要入情入理，语气一定要委婉，礼貌当先。5注意事项：语言简明扼要的同时要委婉有礼貌。亮点句式 一、建议信开头常用句式 1 I was so pleased to hear from you，and I am writing to give you some tips on job interview.2Nice to receive your letter asking me for advic
14、e on how to learn English well.二、表达建议 1In reply to your letter about the College Entrance Examination this year，let me tell you that.2In my opinion，it would be better.3It should be a good idea to.4You will benefit from.5As far as I am concerned，youd better.6Id like to suggest you that.7Whats more，it
15、 will be helpful to you that.8If I were you，I would.9Youd better take some measures to do.10Its suggested that.11What I want to stress is that.12Finally，dont forget to do.三、建议信结尾常用句式 1Waiting for your good news.等待你的好消息。2Good luck with your interview.-6-祝你面试好运。3Im expecting to hear from you as soon a
16、s possible.我期待着你尽早回信。【写作任务】假如你是 Mary，你的朋友 Simon 给你发来邮件向你征求学习英语的方法。请你就下面的内容给他回复，并谈谈自己的想法或建议。1朗读背诵，帮你记忆，养成用英语思维的习惯。2多听，多交际，可以提高听说能力。3(自己的想法或建议)注意：1信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2词数 100 左右。审题谋篇 体裁 电子邮件 话题 提出建议 时态 一般现在时 人称 第一和第三人称 遣词造句.词汇 1learn sth.by heart/keep sth.in mind 记住 2develop/form a habit of 养成习惯 3commun
17、icate with sb.与某人交流 4keep a diary 写日记.句式 1首先你要时常朗读英语，尽量记住一些重点知识。(一句多译)First of all，you should often read English aloud and try to learn something important by heart.To begin with，you should make it a rule to read English aloud often and try-7-your best to keep something important in mind.2用这种方法你就能改进
18、你的听说能力。(一句多译)In this way，you will improve both your listening ability and your spoken English as well.Only in this way will you get improved not only in your listening ability but also your spoken English.3另外，你应该多听，多与其他人用英语交流。Besides，you should listen a lot and communicate with others in English.4另外
19、，你应该每天用英语写日记，这样你的写作会变得越来越好。(一句多译)Whats more，you should keep a diary in English every day and your written English will become better and better.Whats more，you should keep a diary in English every day，by doing which your written English will become better and better.妙笔成篇 【参考范文】Dear Simon，I have recei
20、ved your letter asking me for advice about learning English.Now Id like to tell you how you should learn English.First of all，you should often read English aloud and try to learn something important by heart，which helps you to remember them easily and form a good habit of thinking in English.Besides
21、，you should listen a lot and communicate with others in English.In this way，you will improve both your listening ability and your spoken English as well.Whats more，you should keep a diary in English every day and your written English will become better and better.I hope what Ive said is useful to yo
22、u.Im looking forward to your good news.-8-Best wishes.Mary 学业分层测评学业分层测评(三三).完成句子 1It turned out to be a small house party.We (没必要盛装打扮)2I (不需要打出租车)；its within walking distance.So we walked there.3With the popularity of private cars，road conditions (需要改善)4I (没必要早起床)this morning，so I stayed in bed unti
23、l 9 am.5You (需要等着我)at the school gate.【答案】1.neednt have dressed up2.didnt need to take a taxi3.need improving/need to be improved4.didnt need to get up early5.need to wait for me.阅读理解 A(2016全国甲卷)A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurleys pictures wo
24、uld be outstandingundoubtedly first rate photojournalismif they had been made last week.In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916,most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩),by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest,under freezi
25、ng water,in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance,a small,tight,Norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists,27 men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarcticas Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to fo
26、rce a passage by dog sled(雪橇)across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.-9-As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her
27、forceful and well researched story The Endurance,adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scotts last journey，completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger,caught the worlds imagination,and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton,a onetime British merchantnavy office
28、r who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908,started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley,a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images,most of which have never before been pu
29、blished.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。1914 年到 1916 年间，一群海员和科学家踏上了南极探险之路。结果他们在回来的路上发生海难，其中一个摄影师在临死之前拍摄了大量的照片，并把照片封存在破损的木船的冰块箱里。通过这些照片我们可以了解到那次不太成功的探险经历。1What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?AThey were made last week.BThey showed undersea sceneries.CThey were found by a cameraman.DThey recorded a disastr
30、ous adventure.【解析】细节理解题。由题干中的 the photos taken by Hurley 定位到文章第二段开头。该段说这些照片即使是上个星期拍的也堪称佳作，故 A 项错误；该段中还说照片是在一次海难之后拍的，故 D 项正确；文章没有说拍摄的是海底景观，故 B 项错误；拍摄者是摄影师，但没有说是一名摄影师发现了这些照片，故 C 项错误。【答案】D 2Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?AFrank Hurley.BErnest Shackleton.CRobert Falcon Scott.DCar
31、oline Alexander.【解析】推理判断题。由题干中的“第一个到达南极”这条信息定位到第-10-三段。被发现的照片所展示的这次旅行是为了获得比 Robert Falcon Scott 船长先前的探险更大的收获，该船长在 1912 年就到达了南极。由此推断 Robert Falcon Scott是最先到达南极的人，故选 C 项。【答案】C 3What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?AArtistic creation.BScientific research.CMoney making.DTreasure
32、hunting.【解析】细节理解题。题干的 Alexander 在最后一段出现，the 1914 voyage指本文谈到的 Endurance 这艘船的探险，该段开头说，这个作家在她的小说 The Endurance 中说，在那时，探险就已经是纯商业活动(a thoroughly commercial effort)了，因此 1914 年航行的目的是赚钱(money making)，故选 C 项。A 项“艺术创作”，B 项“科学调研”，D 项“寻宝”，均未体现。【答案】C B Heading off to college this year？Here are some fashion tips
33、 from our experts you should keep in mind：Dress to impress:Stylist and business consultant Daniela Smith says，“Girls should keep in mind that your college professors will often be the bridge that connects you to your future career and your classmates will become your professional network.You dont ne
34、ed to dress like youre going to the office，but you should display an ability to properly present yourself with appropriate maturity and confidence，and look puttogether.”Logo mania(品牌狂热症)：Wearing the logos of brands aimed at younger customers physically identifies you as part of that age group，so con
35、sider the targeted age group of the stores you shop at.Its tempting to load up on logos，especially wellknown logos that signify high end brands.But consider this:college is a time of selfdiscovery，a chance to develop your own personal style.Instead of wearing logos head to toe，“walking advertisement
36、”style，why not express who you really are?-11-Wear real pants:The combination of leggings and baggy shirts is all too common on college campuses.Smith points out that leggings，yoga pants，and sweatpants are entirely unacceptable in public unless youre exercising.Although leggings worn as pants are a
37、common trend among high school and college girls，they are not an appropriate choice for daywear.As a young woman，your style choice should begin to reflect your maturity level.So，get rid of leggings and wear real pants!Keep the cute factor to a minimum:Stay away from sweaters and Tshirts with smiling
38、 animals，cartoon characters，or Hello Kitty on them.Sure，kittens might be cute，but theyre not doing you any favors in the style department.Dressing too cutesy can take years off your look，and not necessarily in a good way!【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。大学生怎么穿着才算得体，专家就这个方面提出了一些建议 4The second paragraph indicates the im
39、portance of Aimpressing professors Bgetting on well with classmates Ccreating a professional image Ddressing appropriately【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话可知，D 项正确，本段主要强调穿着要得体。【答案】D 5The author recommends wearing real pants because Aleggings and baggy shirts are too common Byoga pants and sweatpants are not so c
40、omfortable Creal pants can present you with appropriate maturity Dpeople like real pants better than the other pants【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句话“As a young woman，your style choice should begin to reflect your maturity level.So，get rid of leggings and wear real pants！”可知答案选 C 项。【答案】C 6Whats the writers attit
41、ude towards sweaters with animals on them?-12-AThey make people look lovely.BThey are very fashionable these days.CThey will show youre an animal lover.DThey are not suitable for collegeaged students.【解析】细节理解题。文章最后一段的最后一句话的意思是：穿着有像小猫、小狗这样可爱动物图案的衣服，显得与你的年龄不相符。由此可知 D 项正确。【答案】D 7In which magazine would
42、 you most likely find this passage?ABusiness Week.BParents.CStyle.DTravel&Leisure.【解析】文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是大学生如何着装才最合适，这属于时尚(style)方面的话题，因此 C 项符合文意。【答案】C.语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2016四川高考)The giant panda 1.(love)by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists 2.(recent)had a chan
43、ce to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very 3.(care)mother.For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something 4.(eat)！She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural 5.(enemy)that would tr
44、y to eat the little panda.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does.6.it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.The mother continued to care for the young panda 7.more than two years.By that time，the panda no longer needed 8.(it)mother for fo
45、od.However，it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then，after two and a half years，the mother 9.(drive)the young panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby，10.it was also time for the young panda to be independent.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。中国科学家最近对一只野生雌性大熊猫和她刚出生的大熊猫宝宝进行了研究。他们发现，大熊猫妈妈
46、对其孩子关怀备至。-13-1【解析】考查时态和被动语态。大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实，故用一般现在时；panda 与 love 之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填 is loved。【答案】is loved 2【解析】考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。空格处修饰动词短语 had a chance，应用副词。recent 的副词是 recently。【答案】recently 3【解析】考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。空格处修饰名词 mother，故用形容词。care 的形容词是 caring(关心他人的)或 careful(细心的)。在此，两个形容词在语意上都能讲得通。【答案】carin
47、g/careful 4【解析】考查非谓语动词之不定式。不定式 to eat 作定语，修饰前面的不定代词 something。句意：25 天中，她寸步不离她的孩子，甚至不去找东西吃！【答案】to eat 5【解析】考查名词复数。句意：任何气味都可能引来天敌它们会试图吃掉熊猫宝宝的。天敌不止一个，故用复数形式 enemies。【答案】enemies 6【解析】考查从属连词。根据语境可知，when(当时)和 if(如果)用在此处都合适。句意：当它哭的时候/如果它哭了，熊猫妈妈会来回摇晃它，轻轻拍打，给它安慰。【答案】When/If 7【解析】考查介词。“for时间段”表示持续一段时间。熊猫妈妈对孩子
48、的照顾会持续两年多。【答案】for 8【解析】考查代词。mother 是名词，故其前填形容词性物主代词 its。【答案】its 9【解析】考查时态。文章叙述了熊猫妈妈对孩子的照顾，用了一般过去时，空格处也需用一般过去时，故用 drive 的过去式 drove。【答案】drove 10【解析】考查并列连词。句意：是时候再生一个孩子了，熊猫宝宝也到-14-独立的时候了。It was time for.和 it was also time for.之间是并列关系，故用 and连接。【答案】and.短文改错 Calvin Coolidge，30th president of the United St
49、ates，was famous for a man of few words.He knew what he should talk and when he should not.It was very hard of anyone to enjoy talk with him.One evening he was inviting to dinner.A lady sitting next to him past the sugar for his coffee.“Mr.President，”she said.“Today a friend of me said that I couldnt
50、 get much than two words out of you.I said I can，and we made a bet.”“You lose，”answered the president.【答案】Calvin Coolidge，the 30th president of the United States，was famous foras a man of few words.He knew whatwhen he should talk and when he should not.It was very hard offor anyone to enjoy talktalk