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1、 ponder (formal) vt. to spend time thinking carefully and seriously about a problem, a difficult question, or something that has happened = consider I pondered the incident,asking myself again and again how it could have happened. 我反复思考那件事，一再自问究竟是怎么回事。 She pondered her words thoroughly. 她说每一句话都要仔细掂量
2、(衡量，估量)。 to ponder the events of history回想（反思）种种历史事件 ponder (formal) vi. ponder on/over/about The university board is still pondering over the matter.大学董事会仍在考虑这件事情。大学董事会仍在考虑这件事情。 ponder how/what/whether Jay stood still for a moment, pondering whether to go or not.Jay站了一会，考虑要不要走。站了一会，考虑要不要走。 ponder u
3、pon With great seriousness he pondered upon the problem.他非常认真地考虑这个问题。他非常认真地考虑这个问题。 speculate vt./vi. to guess about the possible causes or effects of something, without knowing all the facts or detailsto speculate ones intention猜测猜测某人的意图某人的意图It is speculated that the murder was done by the internati
4、onal narcotics ring.据据推测推测这次暗杀事件系国际贩毒集团所为。这次暗杀事件系国际贩毒集团所为。No man speculates he would win the game.每个人都每个人都相信相信他将取得比赛的胜利。他将取得比赛的胜利。 speculate upon/on/about (why/what etc.) Jones refused to speculate about what might happen.约翰拒绝推测可能发生的事情。约翰拒绝推测可能发生的事情。 This is the method that we have been speculating
5、about.这正是我们一直在这正是我们一直在思考思考的方法。的方法。 No one can speculate on what hes thinking about.没人知道他在没人知道他在想想什么。什么。 to buy goods, property,shares in a company etc, hoping that you will make a large profit when you sell them speculate in/on to speculate on the futures 搞期货搞期货投机投机生意生意 He speculated in stocks.他投机股票
6、生意。他投机股票生意。投机；做投机生意投机；做投机生意 pooh-pooh vt./vi.(informal) to say that you think that an idea, suggestion, effort etc is silly or not very good 藐视；漠视；嘲弄；嘲笑藐视；漠视；嘲弄；嘲笑 I thought it was quite a good idea,but she pooh-poohed it. 我认为这是个相当好的主意，但是她很不以为然我认为这是个相当好的主意，但是她很不以为然。 表示蔑视，不耐烦表示蔑视，不耐烦 He pooh-poohed a
7、t the sight. 他一看到这情况就呸了一声。他一看到这情况就呸了一声。 interj.(感叹词)呸，啐(表示轻蔑)亦作 poo-poo interface n.countable the way in which you see the information from a computer program on a screen, or how you type information into the program界面，交界 If the interface were a person, what would he or she be like? 如果这个界面是一个人的话，他或她
8、看上去是什么样的? the way in which two subjects, events etc affect each other 联系，联络，相互作用 interface between The book deals with the interface between accountancy and law. 这本书论述会计与法律之间的关系。 Interface v. if you interface two parts of a computer system, or if they interface, you connect them使联系，连接 Please interfa
9、ce your computer with the cables.请把电脑连接到电缆线上。 if two people or groups interface with each other, they communicate with each other and work together相互作用，相互配合工作，匹配，沟通 to interface with the consumer = to communicate with glimmer n.countable a small sign of something such as hope or understanding glimme
10、r of a glimmer of hope for the future 一丝对未来的希望 a light that is not very bright微光 the first glimmer of dawn 黎明的第一缕曙光 glimmer v. to shine with a light that is not very bright lights glimmer in the distance 远处发出微光 The village glimmered far off in the night. 晚上远处村庄隐约可见。acquisition system接收系统接收系统 real-ti
11、me实时的，适时的实时的，适时的 telemetry interface遥测接口遥测接口actuator执行器执行器 tactile 触觉的触觉的 visual 视觉的视觉的 proprioceptive本体感受器本体感受器 encode vt. to put a message or other information into code to encode a message 把一份电文译成电码(或密码) to encode data for computer processing 对数据进行编码以利于计算机处理 pile up phrasal verb to increase in qu
12、antity or amount, in a way that is difficult to manage It wasnt long before the debts were piling up. 没过过久债务就堆积起来。 The traffic starts piling up around this time. 这个时候交通开始拥堵。 The shop was piled up with fruit and vegetables.商店里堆满了水果和蔬菜。 leading-edge only before noun leading-edge machines, systems etc
13、are the most modern and advanced ones available leading-edge technologies for military and computer applications 尖端技术用于军事和计算机应用 leading-edge research尖端研究Mr Miguel Nicolelis merger n.countable the joining together of two or more companies or organizations to form one larger one merger of/between a me
14、rger between two of the largest software companies.两家最大的软件公司合并 merger with There has been a lot of talk about a merger with another leading bank. 与另一个主要银行的合并已经讨论很久。 merger negotiations合并谈判 implant v. medical to put something into someones body by performing a medical operation Surgeons successfully
15、implanted an artificial hip. 外科医生成功地植入人工髋关节。 to implant a plastic heart 移植塑料心脏 implant v. to strongly fix an idea, feeling, attitude etc in someones mind or character deeply implanted hatred 深深埋藏的仇恨 to implant patriotism in the people 向人们灌输爱国主义 to implant good habits in children 使孩子养成好习惯 implant n.c
16、ountable something artificial that is put into someones body in a medical operation silicone breast implants 硅胶乳房植入物 trigger v. to be the thing that quickly causes a serious problem His stupid remarks triggered off a strike. 他说的蠢话引发了一场罢工。 the fight that triggered the riot 引起骚乱的打架 to trigger a rifle开
17、枪 to trigger a missile发射导弹 trigger n.countable the part of a gun that you pull with your finger to fire it He took aim and squeezed the trigger. 他瞄准，扣下扳机 dole out to give,distribute (少量地)发放(救济品等)，分给，配给 The Red Cross flew to the area of the earthquake,ready to dole out supplies of food,water and medi
18、cine. 红十字会人员飞抵地震灾区，准备发放食品、水和药品。 He doled out the money to all the workers. 他把钱分发给所有的工人。 不加限制地分发；不求回报地赠与 It is not a good idea to dole out concession tickets automatically. 来者不拒地散发优惠票不是个好主意。 Clearly, I put him this high on the list due to his immense fame rather than his stunning knowledge of footbal
19、l talent. 很显然，我把他的名次排的这么高，完全是靠他巨大的名气而非他那惊人的足球天赋知识。Mind-controlled battle robots and airplanes(that) are put high position on DARPAs wish list.=pay attention to / consider sth. as importantsome distinctions between appositive clause and attributive clause 1. 从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,be
20、lief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句 The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性。(同位语从句) We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trus
21、ting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。(同位语从句) Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。(定语从句) The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面。(定语从句) His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习。(定语从句,代词all作先行词。) some distinctions between
22、 appositive clause and attributive clause 2. 从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴; 而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴. The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语) I
23、 made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言) The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语)some distinctions between appositive clause and attributive clause 3. 从引导词及
24、其在句子中的成分上区别 有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句 引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略， that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替 That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑(同位语从句) I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事(同位语从句)
25、The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略) The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略) 35 结束语结束语