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1、动名词的用法Underline v-ing and tell the function. 1. For example, it could be “Shanghai Sewing Machine”. (telling the use of a noun) 2. For many of todays advertises, repeating old ideas is not a successful approach. (as a subject) 3. a lot of money is spen t on applying modern techniques of design to ma
2、ke these ads. (after a preposition) 4. Others try to create advertisements that people simply enjoy looking at. (after a verb) 5. My job is teaching. (used as predicative) 这种 v-ing 形式在语法上叫动名词 （Gerunds） 。它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词， 有时态和语态的变化。 动名词具有名词的性质， 因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。其否定形式是在doing 前加上 not。 动名词的用法如下：1
3、. 作主语Reading is an art. Climbing mountains is really fun. 动名词作主语，有时用it 作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。 （即覆水难收）在 It is no use.，It is no good.，It is fun.，It is a waste of time. 等句型中，通常用 it 作形式主语，而 doing 为真正的主语。It
4、 is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that. 动名词作主语可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作， 而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作：Getting up early is a good habit. To get up early this morning made me sleepy.
5、2. 作宾语doing 形式既可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。doing 可作动词的宾语，如： They went on walking and never stopped talking. doing 也作介词的宾语，如： We are thinking of making a new plan. . 能用 doing 形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类，一类是只能用doing 形式作宾语,另一类是既可用 doing 形式作宾语，也可用不定式to do 作宾语。 只能用 doing 形式作宾语的动词 (这类动词只能用 doing 形式作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语。 )，如：I suggest
6、doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。必背只接动词 -ing 形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词及短语有：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - admit 承认appreciate感激，赞赏avoid 避免 allow 承认advise 建议consider 考虑 delay 耽搁deny 否认escape 避免，逃脱endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢fancy 想象finis
7、h 完成forbid 禁止imagine 设想mind 介意miss 想念practice 练习permit 允许risk 冒险resist抵制suggest 建议stand 忍受forgive 原谅cannot help 情不自禁be tired of 厌烦做某事insist on 坚持count on/upon 指望，依赖set about着手做 get down to 着手做give up 放弃feel like 想要lead to 导致 look forward to 期待contribute to 捐助，贡献devote oneself to 献身于 既可用 doing 形式作宾语，
8、也可用不定式to do 作宾语这类动词虽然既能用 -ing 形式作宾语，也能用不定式作宾语， 但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况：有些动词， 如 continue, hate, like, love, prefer等，后面接 doing 形式或不定式 to do 区别不是很大。如：They prefer spending/to spend their summer vacation in Dalian. 他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。I continue to learn/learning English. 我继续学英语。提示应尽量避免接连出现两个以上动词-ing 形式。I am starting
9、to learn Russian. 我开始学俄语。避免说： I am starting learning Russian. 我开始学俄语。go on to do做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事Having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit. 做完练习以后，我们继续学习下一单元的单词。go on doing继续做同一件事。Though it was raining heavily, they went on working, 尽管天下着大雨， 他们仍然继续工作。mean to do
10、 想要做某事I didnt mean to hurt you. 我并不想要伤害你。mean doing 意味着Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。regret to do 对即将要做的事表示遗憾，常构成 regret to say/tell/inform sb. that clause 表“很遗憾的说 /告诉/通知你, ”I regret to say I must leave tomorrow. 很遗憾，我明天必须离开了。regret doing对所做的事感到后悔I regret not havi
11、ng told her earlier. 没能更早地告诉她，我很后悔。remember to do 表示 “ 记得要做某事 ”Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时记得要锁门。remember doing 表示 “ 记得做了某事 ” I remember posting that letter. 我记得寄了那封信。forget to do忘记要做某事She nearly forgot to give the porter a tip for his service. 她几乎忘记给行李搬运工付小费。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 -
12、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - forget doing忘记做过某事Ill never forget meeting my school headmaster for the first time. 我永远忘不了和我小学校长初次见面的情景。stop to do“ 停下来去做某事 ” ，表停止原来做的事，开始做另一件事While working, he stopped to talk with Tom at times. 工作的时候， 他不时停下来和汤姆谈话。
13、stop doing停止正在做的事When the teacher came into the classroom, the pupils stopped talking. 教师走进教室的时候，小学生们停止了说话。try to do设法做某事I must try to get everything ready before he arrives. 在他到来之前，我必须尽力把一切都准备好。try doing试着做某事Would you please try doing that again? 请你再试一次好吗？need, require, want作“ 需要” 解时，后面接 doing 形式的主
14、动形式或不定式的被动形式 to be done ，意义上并无差别，但用doing 形式比较普通。Your composition needs correcting / to be corrected. 你的作文需要修改。His coat wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 他的外套需要洗了。The old woman requires looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully. 这个老大娘需要细心地照料。 作介词宾语doing 形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关。3. 动名词的复合结构Reading al
15、oud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。(Reading aloud的逻辑主语是泛指任何人，因而无需表达出来) 点津坊如果动名词 doing 需要自己的逻辑主语时， 一般在动名词的前面加上形容词性物主代词或名词所有格 (即名词后加 s)，即 ones doing，构成动名词的复合结构。His fathers falling ill worried him greatly. 他父亲生病使他着急。(his father是 falling ill 的逻辑主语 ) Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 动名词复合
16、结构的一般规则是： 当动名词的复合结构ones doing 作宾语时，可将形容词性物主代词或名词所有格变成其宾格形式。如：Toms coming is what we have expected. His coming is what we have expected. She didn t mind Tom s/ Tom coming here. She didn t mind his/ him coming here. 如果名词是表示无生命事物时，只用“ 名词的普通格 +doing” ，不用名词的所有格。Can you hear the noise of the machine runni
17、ng? 你能听到机器运转的声音吗？对比：Would you mind opening the window? 请你把窗子打开好吗？名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - (opening the window 的逻辑主语是 you) Would you mind my/me opening the window? 你介意我打开窗子吗？（opening the window的逻辑主语是 me) 关于逻辑主语的问题a. _t
18、o the meeting surprised all of the boards. A. Mike coming B. Mike came C. Mike coming D. Mikes coming b. Its no use _ that you didn t know the rules. A. you pretend B. you pretending C. your pretending D. your pretend c. Change the following into the simple sentence. That Peter didn t attend the mee
19、ting made it put off. = Peters not attending the meeting made it put off. 4. 作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what 引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。Your task is cleaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate mo
20、st.) 5. 作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途和性能。如：a walking stick=a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading 6. 动名词的否定形式由not 加 doing 形式构成。His not coming made everyone present very disappointed. 他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -